Грамматика английского языка. Практикум. Учебное пособие
.pdfкоторая учится там в университете. Она в Питере уже три года, поэтому прекрасно знает весь город. Я надеюсь, она покажет мне много интересных мест. Я никогда не была в Петербурге, поэтому с нетерпением жду поездки.
5. CHOOSE THE CORRECT VARIANT.
1.When did you buy that car? – I … it last year.
a)have bought b) buied c) bought d) had bought.
2.He … to many countries since he got that job.
a)have been b) was c) had been d) has been.
3.Maybe I … to Brazil next month. I haven’t decided yet.
a)will go b) will have gone c) am going d) go.
4.She ... dentist every 6 months.
a)visit b) visits c) is visiting d) has visited.
5.When I got home, they … already.
a) left b) have left c) had left d) had leaved.
6.They … to a new restaurant tonight.
a)are going b) go c) going d) goes.
7.I was reading, and they … to music.
a)was listening b) were listening c) listened d) were listen.
8.I … all the day and was very tired when finished.
a)had worked b) worked c) was working d) had been working.
9.He … by next weekend.
a)will return b) will returned c) will have returned d) returns.
10.We … English since school.
a)are studying b) study c) were studying d) have been studying.
11.Look! He … fall!
a)will b) is going c) is going to d) going to.
12.Your plane … at 12.30. tomorrow.
a)leaves b) is leaving c) is going to leave d) will leave.
13.I … the exercise at the moment.
a)do b) doing c) am do d) am doing.
14.I have too much work to do tomorrow. I think I … come to your party.
a)will b) willn’t c) won’t d) want.
15.We just … this task.
a) have done b) did c) done d) had done.
121
THE PASSIVE VOICE
|
ASPECT (ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ДЕЙСТВИЯ) |
|||
TENSE |
|
|
|
|
SIMPLE |
PROGRESSIVE |
PERFECT |
||
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
PRESENT |
Am /is /are done |
Am/is/are being- |
Have/has been- |
|
done |
done |
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
PAST |
Was/were done |
Was /were being- |
Had beendone |
|
done |
||||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
FUTURE |
Will be done |
--------------------- |
Will have been- |
|
done |
||||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
1.OPEN THE BRACKETS, USING.
A)PRESENT SIMPLE PASSIVE.
1.The shop (open) at 6a.m. every day. 2. The room always (clean) by me. 3. This programme (watch) by millions of people.
4.Most of the cars from this factory (export). 5. This road (not use) very often. 6. Service (include) in the bill. 7. Money (change) in the bank. 8. Hair (cut) at the hairdresser’s. 9. Films (show) at the cinema.
10.Bread (sell) at the baker’s.
B) PAST SIMPLE PASSIVE.
1. The first book (print) in Germany. 2. John F. Kennedy (kill) in Dallas. 3. The Eiffel Tower (build) in1889. 4. Australia (discover) in the 17th century. 5. Uranium (discover) in 1798. 6. All flights (cancel) because of fog. 7. I (accuse) of stealing the money. 8. My bag (steal) in the shop yesterday. 9. Twenty people (arrest) at the demonstration last night. 10. Military service (abolish) in Britain.
122
C) FUTURE SIMPLE PASSIVE.
1. Kate (meet) by me tomorrow. 2. I (ask) many questions at the exam. 3. The house (sell) next week. 4. We (give) a lot of home task tomorrow. 5. This book (publish) next month. 6. His new film (stage) in the near future. 7. The flowers (water) in the morning. 8. The car (buy) by him next weekend. 9. This exam surely (pass) by us. 10. The competition (win) by her, I think.
D) PRESENT PROGRESSIVE PASSIVE.
1. A new ring-road (build) round the city. 2. My room (repair) now. 3. His car (mend) at the garage. 4. Our house (paint) white. 5. Exercise 1 (write) at the moment. 6. The exams (take) by the students now. 7. The party dinner (cook). I can smell it now. 8. The place of crime (examine) now by the police. 9. A very interesting book (read) by me now. 10. Kelly’s office (redecorate) at the moment.
E) PAST PROGRESSIVE PASSIVE.
1. I didn’t realize that our conversation (record). 2. He didn’t use his car yesterday. It (service). 3. Our homework (do) all evening yesterday. 4. The house (redecorate) for all last month. 5. The room (clean) when I arrived. 6. We (follow) by a very strange person. 7. My watch (fix) for the whole last week. 8. This new film (make) for about a year. 9. The test (write) by us for the whole lesson. 10. They were exhausted, because they (ask) at the exam for about two hours.
F) PRESENT PERFECT PASSIVE.
1. Three men (arrest) by the police. 2. The date of meeting (change). 3. My favourite vase (break) by Fedya. 4. My bicycle (steal) near the shop. 5. They disappeared six month ago and (not see) since then. 6. The room (paint) since I was last there. 7. Lots of new things (discover) recently. 8. The work just (finish). 9. A new cinema (build) near my house this year. 10. All necessary book (read) by me before my examinations.
G) PAST PERFECT PASSIVE.
1.A tree was lying across the road. It (blow) down in the storm.
2.Tom told me that he (attack) and (rob) in the street last night. 3. The
123
room looked nice. It (clean). 4. The vegetables didn’t taste very good. They (cook) for too long. 5. The car was three years old, but it (use) not much. 6. Did you go to the party? – No, I (not invite). 7. When we got to the stadium we found that the match (cancel). 8. Everything (do) before I came. 9. Who told you that the house (sell) already?
10.A lot of letters (send), but there still was no answer.
H)FUTURE PERFECT PASSIVE.
1.The book (return) to the library by the end of the week.
2.The documents (sent) to you by tomorrow. 3. The examination results (know) by Monday. 4. Everything (do) by the time you return.
5.The test (write) by the end of the lesson. 6. The work (finish) by next month. 7. A new house (build) by next year. 8. The old car (change) for a new one by the end of the month. 9. I (give) a lot of presents by the end of my birthday party. 10. Our tests (check) by tomorrow.
I)INFINITIVE PASSIVE.
1.If something is washable, it can (wash). 2. Something must (do) before it’s too late. 3. A decision will not (make) until the next meeting. 4. A new supermarket is going (build) next year. 5. The room should (clean) yesterday. 6. I haven’t received the letter. It might (send) to the wrong address. 7. This road is in very bad condition. It should (repair) a long time ago. 8. If something is unusable, it can’t (use). 9. I told the hotel receptionist that I wanted (wake up) at 6.30.a.m. 10. Please go away. I want (leave) alone.
2.MAKE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES NEGATIVE. THEN GIVE THE RIGHT INFORMATION.
Example: President Kennedy was killed in Denver. President Kennedy wasn’t killed in Denver. He was killed in Dallas.
1.Paper is made from plastic. 2. Coffee is grown in Scotland.
3.“Sunflowers” was painted by Renoir. 4. Walkman cassette players were developed by the Russians. 5. The Berlin Wall was knocked down in 1982. 6. The 2000 Olympic games were held in Salt Lake
City. 7. Rolls-Royce cars are made in Japan. 8. Coca-Cola has been produced for over two hundred years. 9. Mount Everest was climbed for the first in 1957. 10. The motor car was invented in 1903. 11. Christopher Columbus was born in Spain. 12. The World Football Championship in 2022 was won by France. 13. Saint Petersburg was renamed only once. 14. A new beautiful Cathedral is being built in Petrovsky Square in Voronezh. 15. The Egyptian pyramid can be moved by a single man.
3. MAKE QUESTIONS ABOUT THE INFORMATION IN ITALICS.
Example:This violin was made in 1720. When was the violin made?
1.The Houses of Parliament were built in the 19th century.
2.Twenty people were hurt in the train crash. 3. Champagne is produced in France. 4. This jumper has been washed. 5. She was fined two hundred poundsfor speeding. 6. School teachers in Britain are paid about 15000 pounds a year. 7. Our post is delivered twice a week.
8.Three teenagers were given an award for braveryyesterday. 9. My old car is being mended at the moment. 10. “Red Hot Chili Peppers” are well known in Europe. 11. My report will have been finished by the evening. 12. You will be met by Mary. 13. The house was being cleaned all the evening yesterday. 14. He was killed with the knife.
15.Chinese food is eaten with special sticks.
4. OPEN THE BRACKETS, USING PASSIVE. THEN TRANSLATE THE TEXT.
Electricity is a wonderful sort of energy. It (use) to light streets and houses, to power machinery, tramsand trains, and to heat rooms. The telegraph and telephone both depend upon electricity.
Electricity (not make), but (collect), it (generate). The place where it (generate) is called the generatingstation. The dynamos (drive) by coal or petroleum, or by water power. Falling water supplies the energy which drives the dynamos in many generating stations. Some physicists think that the power of wind also (use) widely as a source of energy one day.
125
Our ancestors lit their homes by means of candles and oillamps. Later the use of gas (introduce). Today powerful lights illuminate not only our houses but also the streets of our cities, towns and villages. Nights (turn) into day.
5.PUT THE SENTENCES INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE WHERE POSSIBLE.
1.Someone will drive you to the airport. 2. Goldfish live in fresh water. 3. The Egyptians built pyramids. 4. We walked 4 miles yesterday. 5. The secretary will mail these letters tomorrow. 6. Someone must wash those dishes right away. 7. The factory produced 5,000 cars every day last year. 8. People drink a lot of tea in England.
9.They sell medicine here. 10. You must return these boors within a fortnight. 11. They arrived at 7 last night. 12. Kate is coking dinner now. 13. They informed me about it. 14. I slept till 8 a.m.15. It’s raining. 16. You should obey the rules. 17. You can buy TV sets everywhere now. 18. They hold a meeting once a week. 19. I owe a lot of money to the bank. 20. He shut the window. 21. I will have finished this work by Friday. 22. She was playing a beautiful melody. 23. They have postponed the concert. 24. Water covers most of the Earth’s surface. 25. While I was on holiday, my camera disappeared from my hotel room. 26. Where did you take these photos? 27. Ron’s parents die when he was young. 28. Laura didn’t invite me to the party. 29. Everybody admires Mary. 30. His colleagues give him a present when he retired.
6.A) USE PASSIVE VOICE IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES. Example: They have closed the window.
–The window has been closed.
1.Everyone knows this fact very well. 2. They opened the theater only last month. 3. People will soon forget it. 4. You must write the answers in ink. 5. Someone has taken two of my books. 6. We have already filled the vacancy. 7. They can mend this radio. 8. Someone was photographing them at ten p.m. 9. They polish the car every month. 10. Did they say anything interesting? 11. I don’t think anyone can do this. 12. They are cleaning their room. 13. You must finish the
work by 7 p.m. 14. They are now manufacturing a new type of transistor in Japan. 15. Have you made all necessary things? 16. Does someone tidy the office regularly? 17. The police kept the man in custody. 18. We will execute all orders promptly. 19. No one had said anything about it. 20. I will have return the papers by tomorrow. 21. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. 22. Did anyone catch the thief? 23. That girl attracted my attention. 24. We are wasting hundreds of tons of water a day. 25. The police has arrested the criminal.
B) TRANSFORM THE SENTENCES INTO PASSIVE WITH THE HELP OF prep. “by”
1. God (or Nature) formed man for society. (Sir William Blackstone). 2. People always suspect, and usually oppose new opinions. (John Locke) 3. People often tell the cruelest lie in silence. (R.L. Stivenson) 4. One does not snare the old fox easily. (Proverb) 5. Sir Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin. 6. People did not built Rome in a day. 7. Doctors do not mean people to live on medicine. (Proverb) 8. Man is ruining his environment by his own carelessness. (Julian Huxley) 9. In a nuclear power station they use a nuclear reactor to provide heat. 10. There is a danger that in the fight against starvation we will exhaust the land. 11. The factory workers will like improved conditions of work. 12. People can’t hear the radio outside the room. 13. Is the mechanic repairing Bill’s car? 14. They won’t have finished the new road by the end of the week. 15. James Watt invented the steam-engine. 16. Will man conquer space? 17. An architect didn’t design this house. 18. They weren’t painting the fence at 8 a.m. 19. We haven’t invited Fred to the party yet. 20. You must shake this bottle of medicine.
7.CHANGE THE SENTENCES INTO ACTIVE VOICE.
1.My car was damaged yesterday. Now it is being serviced in the garage. 2. Tests are written by us every term. 3. This work can be done by anyone very easily. 4. You will be met by Kate tomorrow at the station. 5. His speech was being recorded. 6. When I came home, the dinner had been already cooked. 7. A lot of new thing were shown to us at this exhibition. 8. Everything has already been done. 9. My report will have been finished by 4 p.m. 10. 1,000 000 dollars was sto-
127
len from the bank. 11. This call should be made today. 12. Coca-Cola is drunk all over the world. 13. They had been informed about it before we learned. 14. This book has been read by me several times. 15. This question will certainly be asked at the exam.
8.TURN FROM ACTIVE INTO PASSIVE.
A)1. The gardener has planted some trees. 2. Doctor Brown will give you some advice. 3. A famous designer will redecorate the hotel. 4. Steven Spielberg directed “E.T.” 5. Someone has broken the crystal vase. 6. His parents have brought him up to be polite. 7. Fleming discovered penicillin. 8. They will advertise the
product on television. 9. Someone is remaking that film.
10.Picasso painted that picture.
B)1. You must leave the bathroom tidy. 2. You should water this plant daily. 3. Our neighbor ought to paint the garage. 4. I have to return these books to the library. 5. You must extinguish your cigarettes. 6. You must dry-clean this shirt. 7. Someone will pay you in ten days. 8. You can improve your health with more exercise. 9. People must obey the law. 10. The cleaner is going to mop the kitchen floor.
9. TURN FROM ACTIVE INTO PASSIVE AS IN THE EXAMPLE.
Example: He gave me a present.
a)I was given a present.
b)A present was given to me.
1.The waiter will bring us the bill.
a)…………………………………………………………
b)…………………………………………………………
2.The Queen presented him with a medal.
a)…………………………………………………………
b)…………………………………………………………
3.Her mother bought Mary some sweets.
a)…………………………………………………………
b)…………………………………………………………
128
4.Bob has sold Ted a second-hand car.
a)…………………………………………………………
b)…………………………………………………………
5.Larry is going to send a letter to Tom.
a)…………………………………………………………
b)…………………………………………………………
10. REWRITE THESE SENTENSES. INSTEAD OF they / people / somebody USE PASSIVE.
1. Somebody cleans the room every day. (The room is cleanedevery day.)2. They’ve opened a new restaurant here this year. 3. They cancelled the meeting yesterday. 4. People don’t use this way very often. 5. How do people learn languages? 6. People advised us not to out alone. 7. They have agreed upon the plan. 8. They will discuss your report next week. 9. They will have solved this problem by the end of the day. 10. Somebody is playing Mozart next door. 11. They should do something right now. 12. Somebody had done it long before you did. 13. They must have finished the project yesterday. 14. They were showing a very nice game yesterday. 15. Anyone can do this quite easily. 16. Somebody is using computer at the moment. 17. When I got to the concert hall, I found that they had postponed the concert. 18. They are building a new ring road round the city. 19. Somebody called the police. 20. People should eat more fruit and vegetables.
11. REWRITE THE SENTENCES, BEGINNING IN THE WAY SHOWN.
1.They didn’t give me the money. ( I wasn’t given the money.)
2.They asked me difficult questions at the exam. ( I………… )
3.Nobody told me that Diane was ill. ( I………………………)
4.How much will they pay you? ( How much…you…………?)
5.I think they should have offered Tom the job. ( I think Tom….)
6.They didn’t ask me my name. ( I………...…………………..)
7.They never tell her the truth. ( She……………..……………)
8.We’ll send them the documents tomorrow. ( They…….……)
9.We have already forgiven him. ( He………...……………….)
129
10.They envied Sandra all their life. ( Sandra……………..…..)
11.People like and respect you. ( You…………………..……..)
12.They explained to the students a new rule. (The students….)
13.People thanked me heartily. ( I…………….……………….)
14.Jane’s colleagues gave her a present. ( Jane…………….….)
15.They had invited me to the party, but I couldn’t go. ( I….…)
16.A guide will show the tourists many places. ( The tourists……)
17.The teacher didn’t give us enough time. (We……………....)
18.They haven’t taught the boy good manners. (The boy……..)
19.They praise him much. (He……………...…………………)
20.Someone told us very funny story yesterday. ( We………...)
12. OPEN THE BRACKETS, PAYING ATTENTION TO THE VERB TENSE AND PASSIVE FORMS.
1. Application forms should (return) by 14 December. 2. "The Beatles" (know) all over the world. 3. Five people (kill) in the accident yesterday. 4. Test (write) now. 5. Zaporozhets cars (produce) in Ukraine. 6. I (not tell) about it, so I couldn't do anything.7. Everything (do) already. 8. Good food (sell) in the local market. 9. Lost children (find) by the police 2 days ago. 10. Two new stores (open) this year. 11. I (offer) a well-paid job last week. 12. This picture (paint) by Rafael. 13. It turned out, that he (poison) by his girl-friend. 14. The cakes for the coming party (cook) at the moment. 15. The documents (send) to you tomorrow. 16. The telephone (disconnect) yesterday. 17. That diamond (buy) for 1,000,000$ at the auction last weekend. 18. The gate (lock) at 6 o’clock every night. 19. My room (redecorate) at the moment. 20. Who this job (do) by? 21. The expensive pictures (steal) from the museum. 22. The thief (arrest). 23. She (give) a lot of presents for her last birthday. 24. Our key (lose) that night. 25. Such results (not expect). 26. Dictionaries may not (use) at the examination. 27. Why the car (not lock) and (put) into the garage? 28. Bicycles must not (leave) in the hall. 29. The living-room (sweep), (mope) and (dust). It’s clean now. 30. Thousands of new houses (build) every year. 31. The tea (sweeten) before I put sugar into it. 32. She looked a different girl. Her face (wash), her hair (comb). 33. You can’t go in. She (interview) for the TV. 34. A new metro line (reconstruct) now. One of its stations (build) in our street soon. 35. The place looked
130