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Грамматика английского языка в таблицах (начальный этап обучения). Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов средне-специальных учебных заведений

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Двойные степени

old

older старее,

the oldest

сравнения

старый

старше

самый

 

 

 

старый

 

 

 

 

 

 

elder старший

the eldest

 

 

 

самый

 

 

 

старший

 

far

farther более

the farthest

 

далекий

далекий,

самый

 

 

дальше

далекий

 

 

further а)более

the furthest

 

 

далекий,

самый

 

 

дальше; б)

далекий

 

 

дальнейший,

 

 

 

дополнитель-

 

 

 

ный

 

 

near

nearer ближе

the nearest

 

близкий

 

ближайший

 

 

 

the next

 

 

 

a)следующий

 

 

 

(по порядку);

 

 

 

б)будущий (по

 

 

 

времени)

 

late

later позже

the latest

 

поздний

 

последний (по

 

 

 

времени

 

 

latter последний

появления)

 

 

(из двух)

the last

 

 

 

а)последний

 

 

 

(по порядку);

 

 

 

б)прошлый

 

 

 

(по времени)

Exercise 1. Form the Comparative and Superlative of the adjectives.

Tall, old, long, lucky, expensive, young, big, little, wonderful, thin, fat, exciting, pretty, much, warm, happy, beautiful, nice, noisy, small, interesting, hot, fast, large, easy, modern, near, difficult, far, low, cheap, hard, funny, serious, quiet, strong, comfortable, good, bad.

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Exercise 2. Put in the right form of the adjective.

1. He is (good) pupil in our class. 2. Ann is (beautiful) than Mary. 3. Jill is (pretty) girl I know. 4. Peter is (tall) than James. 5. I am (old) of the family. 6. This chair is (comfortable) than that chair. 7. Summer is (warm) than winter. 8. Winter is (cold) of the four seasons. 9. London is (big) than Manchester. 10. They are (noisy) boys in the yard. 11. I am (lucky) than you. 12. Who is (young) of her brothers and sisters? 13. Tom is (small) of the family. 14. Lucille is (slim) than she was a year ago. 15. I think I am (happy) man in the world. 16. Winter in London is (foggy) than in Paris. 17. Boys are always (noisy) than girls. 18. The plane is (fast) than the train. 19. I think I am (bad) dancer in the world.

Местоимение The Pronoun

Личные

Притяжательные

Возвратные

местоимения

местоимения

местоимения

Personal Pronouns

Possessive Pronouns

 

Имени-

Объект-

Основная

Абсолютная

Единственное

тельный

ный

форма (перед

форма (без

число +self

падеж

падеж

существитель

существитель

множествен-

 

 

ными)

ного)

ное число

 

 

 

 

+selves

I

me

my

mine

myself

you

you

your

yours

yourself/selves

he

him

his

his

himself

she

her

her

hers

herself

it

it

its

its

itself

we

us

our

ours

ourselves

they

them

their

theirs

themselves

Exercise 1. Put in the personal pronouns.

1. Molly is very nice. … is my best friend. 2. Jack and Tom aren’t English. … are from Sydney. 3. Greg is my brother. … is 25 years old. 4. Robert and Alison are married. … have three children. 5. Emily is 19 years old. … is a student. 6. This is Maria. … is having

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lunch in the canteen. 7. Look at the children! … are playing football in the snow. 8. John is my friend. … likes playing football. 9. I have a cat. … is very fluffy.

Exercise 2. Put in the personal pronouns.

1. Who is that lady? Why are you looking at …? 2. Do you know that young handsome man? Yes, I study with … . 3. Please, listen to

. I want to express my point of view. 4. These puppies are so nice! Do you want to look at …? 5. We like this house. We’re going to buy

. 6. Jack is hungry. Bring … a sandwich. 7. He can’t see … because we are sitting in the last row. 8. Ann is ill. Take … these flowers. 9. Where are the keys to our flat? I can’t find … . 10. Where is Ann? I want to talk to … . 11. Fred and Jane are in the country. Write … a letter. 12. This snake is poisonous. I`m very afraid of … . 13. I’m thirsty. Bring … a bottle of Coca Cola. 14. Don’t wait for … for dinner. I’ll return very late at night. 15. Jimmy is in the class. Give

this book. 16. He left Moscow long ago. I haven’t seen … since then. 17. The children are hungry. Bring … these red apples. 18. You can fully rely on … . We won’t let you down. 19. Alan is at home.

Ask … to come to the yard. 20. We are at the table. Give … tea and cakes. 21. He is quite right. I agree with … completely. 22. Who is it?

– It’s … . May I come in? 23. Where shall … meet, Bob? 24. Jack took the book and opened … .

Exercise 3. Put in the possessive pronouns.

1.I left … car in the garage. 2. Mary hung … coat on the peg.

3.Neil and David ate … supper. 4. I hope you enjoy … holiday. 5. We invite you to … house. 6. Every dog has … own special basket to sleep in. 7. You should wash … hands and face before dinner. 8. We like … teacher. 9. Look! The kitten is playing with … tail. 10. My mother is a doctor. She likes … work. 11. I have … own room.

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Предлоги Prepositions

Предлоги места

Предлог

Значение

Примеры

in

в (местоположение в

in the room, in Paris,

 

отдельном пространстве)

in the picture

inside

внутри, в (местоположение

inside the house,

 

внутри предмета)

inside the box

outside

вне, за пределами

outside the door

at

на, у, при, за

at the table, at the

 

(местоположение в

station, at work

 

определенной точке)

 

on

на (местоположение на

on the table, on the

 

горизонтальной или

wall, on the first floor

 

вертикальной поверхности)

 

by

у, при, около

by the river, by the

 

 

car

near

возле, у, около

near the lake

next to

рядом, около

next to the fireplace,

 

 

next to the window

beside

рядом с, около, близ

beside the sea

under

под

under the bed, under

 

 

the chair

below

ниже, под

below the surface,

 

 

below zero

over

над, выше

over our heads

above

над

above water

between

между (местоположение

between the beds,

 

между двумя предметами)

between two

 

 

countries

among

среди, между

among my friends,

 

(местоположение между

among all children

 

несколькими предметами)

 

in front of

перед

in front of the TV-set

behind

за, сзади, позади

behind the tree,

 

 

behind the sofa

around

вокруг

around the house

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Предлоги направления

Предлог

Значение

Примеры

to

к, в (направление)

to London, go to bed,

 

 

to the theatre

into

в (внутрь)

into the bag

onto

на (на поверхность чего-

onto the desk

 

либо)

 

off

от, с (удаление с

off the table, to fall off

 

поверхности)

a tree

out of

из (движение за какие-либо

out of the house

 

пределы)

 

from

от, из (отправная точка,

from Moscow, from

 

исходный пункт)

the garden

up

вверх по

up the hill, up the

 

 

steps

down

вниз по, вдоль по

down the river

along

вдоль, по

along the street,

 

 

along the corridor

through

через, сквозь

through the forest,

 

 

through the crowd

over

через (поверх)

over the fence

across

1.через, сквозь

1.across the field

 

2.поперек

2.A tree lay across

 

 

the road.

past

мимо

past the house

towards

к, по направлению к

towards the door

 

Предлоги времени

 

 

 

 

Предлог

Значение

Примеры

at

1.в (в часах)

1.at 5 o’clock

 

2.в (возраст)

2.at the age of 25

in

1.в (в месяцах, временах

1.in April, in summer,

 

года, в годах)

in 1995

 

2.через

2. in two hours, in ten

 

 

minutes

on

в (в днях)

on the 6th of May, on

 

 

Sunday

15

from

с, от

from 10 o’clock a.m.

 

 

 

to

до (до какого-то момента)

from 5 p.m. to 7 p.m.

 

 

 

till

до (до какого-то момента)

till Friday, till next

 

 

week

before

перед, до

before our era, before

 

 

Christmas

after

после

after the lesson, after

 

 

spring

since

от, с, с какого-то момента

since Monday, since

 

(точка отсчёта)

childhood

about

около, приблизительно

about 2 hours

 

 

 

for

в течение конкретно

for 3 days, for 5 years

 

указанного (в днях, в

 

 

годах) периода времени

 

during

во время, в течение

during the holidays

 

периода времени,

 

 

выраженного

 

 

существительным

 

by

к (приближение к

by 4 o’clock p.m., by

 

определенному моменту,

Thursday

 

сроку)

 

within

не далее (как), не позднее,

within a year, within

 

в течение, за

a month

past

после (в часах)

five minutes past six

 

Другие предлоги

 

 

 

 

Предлог

Значение

Примеры

about

1.о, об (относительно)

1.about him, about

 

2.около, приблизительно

her work

 

 

2.about 200 people

of

служит для выражения

the students of this

 

родительного падежа

group

 

(кого? чего?)

 

by

служит для выражения

the poem written by

 

творительного падежа

Pushkin

16

 

(кем?)

 

with

1. с, вместе

1.with me

 

2. служит для выражения

2.We write with pens.

 

творительного падежа

 

 

(чем?)

 

for

для

for you, for my life

besides

кроме, вдобавок, помимо

There were 5 boys in

 

 

the room besides me.

except

кроме, за исключением

Everybody likes it

 

 

except me.

over

свыше, сверх, больше

over five millions,

 

 

over fifty years old

Exercise 1. Fill in the prepositions: in, on, at, to.

1. Students have their vacations … summer. Some of them go … the South. They like swimming … the sea. They go … the beach early in the morning. I like to lie … the sun. … rainy days I go … the library and read books or magazines. 2. … the first of September the children go … school. They don’t go … school … their days off. They stay … home or they go … the country. If it is still warm … September, I often go … the forest. 3. … winter the weather is often cold. 4. My friend’s birthday is … the fourth of April. 5. I will finish my work … half an hour, … 8 o’clock.

Exercise 2. Fill in the prepositions: at, on, in.

1.We have holidays … July. 2. I was born … the 25th of March.

3.… last year they had a baby. 4. I should be there … 6 p.m. 5. Mike had a great party … his birthday. 6. He works out … the morning every day. 7. Where is your bag? – It’s … my car. 8. There were a lot of interesting people … the party. 9. My mother works … the university. 10. I left my keys … home. 11. These butterflies were grown … Africa. 12. My friend lives … the first floor.

Exercise 3. Fill in the prepositions: about, in, at, with, to, of, for, on.

1. My sister will arrive … the station … 9 o’clock … the morning. 2. Look … that beautiful photo … my baby daughter. 3. I’m hungry. What’s … lunch today? 4. This is the highest mountain … the

17

world. 5. What do you usually do … weekends? 6. We are going … the party … Saturday. 7. I bought a new pair … sunglasses … the chemist’s. 8. What do you know … Scotland? 9. The postman came … a letter … my dad. 10. Did you speak … the boss … your salary? 11. Sam lives … home … his mother. 12. Can you help me … my drawing? - … course I can. 13. I met my future husband … a queue … the bus stop. 14. Justin is … Kristy’s house. 15. The diagram is … page 76 … the left.

Exercise 4. Fill in the prepositions: in, on, at, for, since, during.

1. She has been in Africa … February. 2. Dan has had his design studio … several years. 3. The fishing season starts … a couple of weeks. 4. The kids worked on a farm … their summer holidays. 5. My car will be ready … 3 days. 6. My sister’s birthday is … September. 7. I am often very tired … Friday evenings. 8. It’s too cold here … winter. 9. I got my driving license … 2004 … the age of 23. 10. We always visit our parents … Sunday.

Глагол The Verb

Сводная таблица всех времен английского глагола в действительном залоге

Время

Примеры

Показатели времени

Present Simple

I work

Every day, always, usually

Past Simple

I worked

Yesterday, last…, …ago

Future Simple

I will work

Tomorrow, next …

Present Continuous

I am working

Now, at the moment

Past Continuous

I was working

At 5o’clock yesterday

Future Continuous*

I will be working

At 5o’clock tomorrow

Present Perfect

I have worked

Ever,yet,just;today;since,for

Past Perfect

I had worked

By 5o’clock yesterday

Future Perfect*

I will have worked

By 5o’clock tomorrow

Present Perfect

I have been

For, since

Continuous

working

 

18

Past Perfect

I had been

For, since

Continuous*

working

 

Future Perfect

I will have been

For, since

Continuous*

working

 

Future in the Past

I would work

 

Simple*

 

 

Future in the Past

I would be

 

Continuous*

working

 

Future in the Past

I would have

 

Perfect*

worked

 

Future in the Past

I would have been

 

Perfect

working

 

Continuous*

 

 

Примечание.

Звездочкой помечены редко используемые времена английского глагола.

Употребление времен английского глагола

Времена группы Simple (Indefinite)

The Present Simple Tense (настоящее простое время)

Образование

Утвердительная

Отрицательная

Вопросительная

 

форма

 

форма

 

форма

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I

 

work

I

do not work

Do

I

 

work?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

he

 

works

he

does not

Does

he

 

 

she

 

 

she

work

 

she

 

 

it

 

 

it

 

 

it

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

we

 

work

we

do not work

Do

we

 

 

you

 

 

you

 

 

you

 

 

they

 

 

they

 

 

they

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

19

Употребление

Употребление

Примеры

Показатели

 

 

времени

1.Общеизвестный факт,

The earth goes round

Always,

истина.

the sun.

usually,

 

 

normally,

2.Обычное и регулярно

I work in a bank. She

often,

повторяющееся действие,

gets up at 7 o’clock

sometimes,

относящееся к настоящему

every morning.

seldom,

времени.

I don’t often drink tea.

never; every

 

 

day

3.Решенное действие в

The train arrives in

(morning,

будущем (по расписанию).

London at 13.45.

week,

 

 

month, year,

 

 

Monday).

4.Действие, совершающееся в

Do you like London?

данный момент, для глаголов,

He doesn’t

 

не употребляющихся во

understand.

 

временах группы Continuous.

I see a beautiful

 

 

flower.

 

 

 

 

The Past Simple Tense (прошедшее простое время)

Образование

Утвердительная

Отрицательная

Вопросительная

 

форма

 

форма

 

форма

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I

 

worked

I

did not work

Did

I

work?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

he

 

worked

he

did not work

Did

he

 

she

 

 

she

 

 

she

 

it

 

 

it

 

 

it

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

we

 

worked

we

did not work

Did

we

 

you

 

 

you

 

 

you

 

they

 

 

they

 

 

they

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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