Бизнес-планирование. Учебник для бакалавров

reappraisal n 1) the assess- ment or estimation again of the worth, value, or quality of a person or thing;

2) a new appraisal or evalua- tion

reappraise v to assess the worth, value, or quality of (someone or something) again

reassess v revise or renew one’s assessment

reassessment n the act or an instance of assessing again

receipts n pl. the entire amount of income before any deductions are made

reconciliation [verification] of accounts noun phrase a process that compares two sets of records (usually the bal- ances of two accounts) to make sure they are in agreement

Red Book, the, a.k.a. the IPPF guide noun phrases a collec- tion of best practices that cov- er all industries; it is created by their own members all over the world.

Commentary

The Red Book asks that you have a peer, someone that knows something about au- diting, come in and evaluate whether your shop is comply- ing with standards every five years.; cf. Yellow Book, the noun phrase (as the Yellow

Book asks that every three years, it would be much easier to follow the Red Book.) The Red Bookdoes a greatjob tell- ing us how to run an audit shop; cf.theYellowBook does a great job telling you how to run an individual audit en- gagement project.

red flag(s) noun phrase sing. & pl. a warning or indi- cator, suggesting that there is a potential problem or threat with a company’s stock, finan- cial statements, or news re- ports; they may appear in the quarterly financial statements compiled by a publicly traded company’s chief financial offi- cer (CFO), auditor, or accountant.

regulation n, regulating verbal noun 1) the act or process of regulating;

2) a rule, principle, or condi- tion that governs procedure or behavior;

3) Govt, POL & DIPL a govern- mental or ministerial order having the force of law;

4) M as required by official rules or procedure: regulation uniform;

5) M normal; usual; conform- ing to accepted standards: a regulation haircut

remote audit noun phrase it allows the auditor to engage with a business through web stream- ing platforms and cloud-based software: With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resultant ban on non-critical business travel, all security audits scheduled

between March and May were pivoted to remote audits.

remuneration n pay or salary, typically monetary payment for services rendered, as in an employment

rent n 1) a/ payment, usually of an amount fixed by contract, made by a tenant at specified intervals in return for the right to occupy or use the property of another;

b/ a similar payment made for the use of a facility, equip- ment, or service provided by another;

2) the return derived from cultivated or improved land after deduction of all produc- tion costs;

3) the revenue yielded by a piece of land in excess of that yielded by the poorest or least favorably located land under equal market condition; a.k.a. economic rent

rental n 1) an amount paid or collected as rent;

2) a piece of property avail- able for renting: summer rentals by the beach;

3) the act of renting;

4) an agency that rents some- thing;

5) a list of tenants schedule of rents; a.k.a. rent-roll n

rent-roll n Vid rental n

replacement cost noun phrase the amount that an entity would have to pay, at the present time, to replace any one of its assets

report template noun phrase something that narrates the details, but it must be straight and concise; it seems long and time consuming for all de- pending on the subject mat- ter and nature of the report to be done; cf. tool template noun phrase

reserve.;

3) FIN a/ a portion of capital not invested (a capital reserve) or a portion of profits not dis- tributed (a revenue or general reserve) by a bank or business enterprise and held to meet legal requirements, future li- abilities, or contingencies;

b/ oft. pl. liquid assets held by an organization, government, etc., to meet expenses and liabilities

resources n pl. 1) an available supply that can be drawn on when needed; the total means available for economic and political development, such as mineral wealth, labor force, and armaments;

2) the total means available to a company for increasing production or profit, includ- ing plant, labor, and raw ma- terial; assets;

3) such means considered in- dividually

responsibility n 1) the state or position of being responsible; 2) a person or thing for which one is responsible;

3) the ability or authority to act or decide on one’s own, without supervision

return(s) n sing. & pl. 1) oft. pl. the yield, revenue, or profit accruing from an investment, transaction, or venture;

2) the act or an instance of reciprocation or repayment (esp. in the phr. in return for);

3) a recurrence or reappear- ance;

4) an official report, esp. of the financial condition of a company;

5) BKG a/ a form (a tax re- turn) on which a statement concerning one’s taxable in- come is made;

b/ the statement itself

6) Econ./PE the distributions or payments awarded to the various suppliers of the factors of production (labour, land, and capital)

revaluate v 1) to make a new valuation of;

2) to increase the exchange value of (a nation’s currency)

revaluation n the assigning of a new, usually higher value, as to money, real estate, etc.

revenue(s) n sing. & pl. 1) the income accruing from taxa- tion to a government during a specified period of time, usually a year;

2) Govt, POL & DIPL a/ a gov- ernment department responsible for the collection of gov- ernment revenue;

b/ M revenue men;

3) the gross income from a business enterprise, invest- ment, property, etc.;

4)a particular item of income;

5) something that yields a reg- ular financial return; source of income

Commentary

It is a business term for the amount of money that a com- pany receives from its activi- ties in a given period, mostly from sales of products and/or services to customers. It is not to be confused with the terms profitsor net income which generally mean total revenue mi- nus total expenses in a given period. In Europe the term is turnover. For individuals, the equivalent term is income. For government, revenues refers to the gross proceeds received from taxes, fees, and the like. For non-profit organizations, revenue from products and services can be expanded to include proceeds from donations, grants, trade in lieu of cash and other liquid assets.

Revenue is often referred to as the top line due to its position on the income statement at the very top. This is to be contrasted with the bottom line which denotes net income, revenues after all applicable costs. At times, the term sales is used interchangeably, but is only accurate when the amount described is denoted

in currency as opposed to units ($100,000 of computer sales vs. 300 computers sold).

Revenue is basically price x quantity (the price for one, times the number of them, or the price per kg times the mass in kg, etc.), summed over all goods; if the price per unit varies with the quantity, then for each price per unit this multiplication is done, and the results are summed. Net revenue (revenue — returns)​

is used when sales returns are a factor in the business. Revenue, like all income state- ment accounts, can only be presented in terms of a peri- od, for example, the revenues a company earned between January 1, 2021 and Decem- ber 31, 2021. Alternatively, one could express it in terms of the following examples: 2021 revenue, Q1 (1st quar- ter) revenue, or March revenue. This periodicity is in contrast to a balance sheet ac- count, which would be given as of the date of the statement.

To simply say that a company earned revenue of $5 million without giving a period is meaningless (however, saying that a company has $5 million cash certainly has meaning).

Internally, companies break revenue down by operating segment, geographic region, and product line.

revenue reserve noun phrase

Vid reserve(s) n

revision n 1) the act or process of revising;

2) the process of rereading a subject or notes on it, esp. in preparation for an examination

reward n 1) something given or received in recompense for worthy behavior or in retribu- tion for evil acts;

2) money offered or given for some special service, such as the return of a lost article or the capture of a criminal;

3) a satisfying return or result; profit

rich text format noun phrase

Tech. abbrev. RTF a system used to arrange and show the information in computer documents

ring-fence, a. ringfence n BrE a virtual barrier that segre- gates a portion of an individ- ual’s or company’s financial assets from the rest; this may be done to reserve money for a specific purpose, to reduce

taxes on the individual or company, or to protect the assets from losses incurred by riskier operations.

ring-fencing, a. ringfencing verbal nouns BrE Bus./ FIN it occurs when a portion of a company’s assets or profits are financially separated with- out necessarily being operated as a separate entity.

risk n 1) the possibility of in- curring misfortune or loss, hazard;

2) chance of a loss or other event on which a claim may be filed;

3) the amount of the claim should such an event occur; 4) a person or thing consid- ered with respect to the characteristics that may cause an

insured event: to occur at risk; a) vulnerable ~; likely to be lost or damaged; b) social welfare vulnerable to personal damage, to the extent that a welfare agency might take protective responsibility

risk-based audit noun phrase it covers multiple regulations and standards from the single audit event; this is a new but necessary approach in some sectors to ensure that all the necessary governance requirements can be met without duplicating effort from both audit and audit hosting resources.

risky adj syn.: dangerous in- volving a risk that something bad will happen: risky deals; |

The company’s losses were incurred by its risky operations.

rookie n esp. AmE someone who has just started doing a job and has little experience

RTF abbrev. Tech. Vid rich text format noun phrase Tech.

safety audit

Ss

safety audit noun phrase a gen- eral term used to describe an activity where a facility gath- ers information about one or more aspects of the workplace in order to evaluate the risk levels for health or safety issues

salary n a fixed regular pay- ment made by an employer, often monthly, for profession- al or office work as opposed to manual work; cf. wage n

2002 in response to a number of major corporate and ac- counting scandals including those affecting Enron, Tyco

International, Peregrine Systems and WorldCom. These scandals resulted in a decline of public trust in accounting and reporting practices.

Commentary

Named after sponsors Senator Paul Sarbanes (D-MD) and Representative Michael G. Oxley (R-OH), the Act was approved by the House by a vote of 423–3 and by the Senate 99–0. President George W. Bush signed it into law, stating it included “the most far-reaching reforms of American business practices since the time of Franklin D. Roosevelt”.

The legislation is wide-rang- ing and establishes new or enhanced standards for all US

public company boards, management, and public account- ing firms. The Act contains 11 titles or sections, ranging from additional Corporate Board responsibilities to criminal penalties, and requires the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to implement rulings on requirements to comply with the new law. Supporters of these reforms believe the legislation was necessary and useful while critics believe it does more economic damage than it prevents.

The Act establishes a new quasi-public agency, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or PCAOB, which is charged with overseeing, regulating, inspecting, and disciplining accounting firms in their roles as auditors of public companies. The Act also covers issues, such as auditor independence, corporate governance, internal control assessment, and enhanced fi- nancial disclosure.

Sarbox colloq. Vid SarbanesOxley Act, the abbrev. SOX

savings n pl. 1) money saved: a bank account for savings;

2) used with a sing. v. an amount of money saved: a re- bate that yielded a savings of $50

Usage Note

Traditionalists state that one should use the form a saving when referring to an amount of money that is saved. Indeed, that is the form English speakers outside of the United

States normally use. In the United States the plural form savings is widely used with a singular verb (as in: A sav- ings of $50 is most welcome.); nonetheless, 57 percent of the

Usage Panel find it unaccept- able.

schedule n 1) a list of items: a schedule of fixed prices;

2) a list of tasks to be per- formed, esp. within a set pe- riod: He cleared his schedule.; 3) L a list or inventory, usu- ally supplementary to a con- tract, will, etc.;

4) on schedule (=at the planned time); ahead of/be- hind schedule (=before/ after the planned time)

scheme n 1) a systematic plan for a course of action;

2) a systematic arrangement of correlated parts, system;

3)a chart, diagram, or out- line;

4)Chiefly a plan formally ad- opted by a commercial enter- prise or governmental body, as for pensions, etc.;

5)Chiefly an area of housing that is laid out esp. by a local authority; estate

scheme v 1) to devise a system for;

2) to form intrigues (for) in an underhand manner

scrutiniser n BrE, scrutinizer n AmE a careful examiner, someone who inspects with great care

SEC, the abbrev. AmE Vid Securities and Exchange Commission, the AmE

Securities and Exchange Commission, the abbrev. SEC, the AmE a US federal agency established in 1934 to super- vise and regulate issues of and transactions in securities and to prosecute illegal stock ma- nipulations

Commentary

Mission of the SEC

The SEC is to protect investors, maintain fair, orderly, and efficient markets, and fa- cilitate capital formation.

The laws and rules that govern the securities industry in the US derive from a simple and straightforward concept: all investors, whether large institutions or private individuals, should have access to certain basic facts about an investment prior to buying it, and so long as they hold it. To achieve this, the SEC requires public companies to disclose meaningful financial and oth- er information to the public.

This provides a common pool of knowledge for all investors to use to judge for themselves whether to buy, sell, or hold a particular security. Only through the steady flow of timely, comprehensive, and accurate information can peo- ple make sound investment decisions.

Organization of the SEC

The SEC consists of five pres- identially-appointed Commissioners, with staggered five-year terms. One of them is designated by the President as Chairman of the Commis- sion — the​ agency’s chief executive. By law, no more than three of the Commissioners may belong to the same political party, ensuring non- partisanship. The agency’s

functional responsibilities are organized into five Divisions and 16 Offices, each of which is headquartered in Washing- ton, D.C. The Commission’s approximately 3,500 staff are located in Washington and in

11 Regional Offices through- out the country.

Responsibility of the SEC

The SEC is to:

– interpret federal securities laws;

– issue new rules and amend existing rules;

– oversee the inspection of securities firms, brokers, in- vestment advisers, and ratings agencies;

– oversee private regulatory organizations in the securi- ties, accounting, and auditing fields; and

– coordinate US securities regulation with federal, state, and foreign authorities.

The Commission convenes regularly at meetings that are open to the public and the news media unless the discus- sion pertains to confidential subjects, such as whether to begin an enforcement investigation.

security n 1) oft. pl. a/ a cer- tificate of creditorship or property carrying the right to

receive interest or dividend, such as shares or bonds;

b/ the financial asset repre- sented by such a certificate; 2) the specific asset that a creditor can claim title to in the event of default on an ob- ligation;

3) L something given or pledged to secure the fulfil- ment of a promise or obliga- tion

noun phrase abbrev. SoD, a. segregation of duties, separation of powers noun phras- es

1) the concept of having more than one person required to complete a task;

2) an internal control intended to prevent fraud and error

set-up, a. setup n 1) us. sing. the way that something is or- ganized or arranged;