Английский язык для студентов-бакалавров технических факультетов. English for the Undergraduates of Engineering. Учебное пособие

Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации НОВОСИБИРСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ-БАКАЛАВРОВ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ ФАКУЛЬТЕТОВ

ENGLISH

FOR THE UNDERGRADUATES

OF ENGINEERING

Утверждено Редакционно-издательским советом университета

в качестве учебного пособия

НОВОСИБИРСК

2016

ББК 81.432.1-923 А 647

Автор-составитель

Г.Ж. Жумабекова, ст. преп.

Рецензенты:

А.Л. Буран, канд. пед. наук, доцент каф. ин. яз. Национального исследовательского Томского политехнического университета

Е.Т. Китова, канд. пед. наук, доцент

А 647 Английский язык для студентов-бакалавров технических факультетов. English for the Undergraduates of Engineering :

учебное пособие / авт.-составитель Г.Ж. Жумабекова. – Новосибирск: Изд-во НГТУ. – 75 с.

ISBN 978-5-7782-3035-4

Данное пособие предназначено для студентов-бакалавров 1, 2 курсов технических направлений подготовки 13.03.02 – «Электроэнергетика и электротехника», 13.03.01 – «Теплоэнергетика и теплотехника», 15.03.04 – «Автоматизация технологических процессов и производств», 20.03.01 – «Техносферная безопасность».

Пособие состоит из 5 модулей, включающих тексты с комплексом заданий, разработанных к ним. Целью учебного пособия является совершенствование умений и навыков чтения и перевода, а также практики устной и письменной речи в сфере общепрофессиональной коммуникации. Учебное пособие служит для расширения словарного запаса и общего кругозора студентов по изучаемым темам, для совершенствования техники перевода с помощью словаря и без словаря.

Тематика разделов соответствует содержанию рабочей программы дисциплины «Иностранный язык». Пособие может использоваться на практических занятиях и в самостоятельной работе.

Работа выполнена на кафедре иностранных языков НГТУ

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MODULE 1

SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS

UNIT 1. Electricity

Warm-up

1.What is electricity?

2.Who was the first to discover it?

3.Which scientists made a crucial contribution to the studies of this phenomenon?

4.Why can’t mankind do without electricity?

Practise the pronunciation of the following words.

gear [gıə], power [pauə], lighting [ʹlaıtıƞ], range [reındȝ], century [ʹsentʃərı], appliance [ əʹ plaıəns], machine [ məʹʃın], radar [ʹreıdə], source [so:s], design [dıʹzaın], health [helθ], improve [ımʹpru:v], cover [ʹkʌvə], efficient [ıʹfıʃnt]

Read and guess the meaning of the following international words.

civilization [ sıvəlaıʹzeıʃn], social [ʹsouʃəl], universal [ju:nıʹvə:sl], chemistry [ʹkemıstrı], metallurgy [ məʹtælədȝı], battery [ʹbætərı], dynamo [ʹdaınəmou], energy [ʹenərdȝı], compact [ʹkɒmpækt], nation [ neıʃn], service [ʹsə:vıs], industrial [ınʹdʌstrıəl], radar [ʹreıda:], generator [ʹdȝenəreıtə]

Words and word combinations to be memorized

turn to the past – вернуть в прошлое;

application of electricity – использование электричества; longstanding adj. – длительный, продолжительный; transmission shaft – трансмиссионный вал;

gear wheel – зубчато колесо; belts and pulleys – ремни и блоки; a whole range – весь диапазон;

time and labour saving appliances – электроприборы, экономящие время и труд;

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property n. – свойство, характеристика; source of energy – источник энергии; century n. – век, столетие;

consumption n. – потребление, использование; per capita – на душу населения;

state n. – состояние; health n. – здоровье; to improve service – улучшать обслуживание; to reduce costs – снижать расходы; eco-friendly adj. – экологически чистый;

to generate by-products – порождать побочные продукты; to cover v. – охватывать;

beam n. – луч;

to provide with – обеспечивать чем-либо

Read the text, translate it into Russian and list crucial inventions in the field of electrotechnics.

TEXT 1

Electricity

We can’t imagine our civilization without electricity: economic and social progress will be turned to the past and our daily lives completely transformed.

Electrical power has become universal. Thousands of applications of electricity such as lighting, electrochemistry and electrometallurgy are longstanding and unquestionable.

With the appearance of the electrical motor, power cables replaced transmission shafts, gear wheels, belts and pulleys in the nineteenth century workshops. And in the home a whole range of various time and labour saving appliances have become a part of our everyday lives.

Other devices are based on specific properties of electricity: electrostatics in the case of photocopying machine and electromagnetism in the case of radar and television. These applications have made electricity most widely used.

The first industrial application was in the silver workshops in Paris. The generator – a new compact source of electricity – was also developed there. The generator replaced the batteries and other devices that had been used before.

Electric lighting came into wide use at the end of the last century with the development of the electric bulb by Thomas Alva Edison. Then the

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transformer was invented, the first electric lines and networks were set up, dynamos and induction motors were designed.

Since the beginning of the twentieth century the successful development of electricity has begun throughout the industrial world. The consumption of electricity has doubled every ten years.

Today consumption of electricity per capita is an indicator of the state of development and economic health of a nation. Electricity has replaced other sources of energy as it has been realized that it offers improved service and reduced cost.

One of the greatest advantages of electricity is that it is clean, ecofriendly, easily-regulated and generates no by-products. Applications of electricity now cover all fields of human activity from house washing machines to the latest laser devices. Electricity is the efficient source of some of the most recent technological advances such as the laser and electron beams. Truly electricity provides humankind with the energy of the future.

Exercises

1.1. Agree or disagree with the following statements. If you disagree, give your reasons.

1. The key drawback of electricity is that it causes big damages to the environment.

2. It was Thomas Alva Edison who discovered electricity.

3. The only property of electricity is its electrodensity.

4. The initial industrial consumption of electricity was in skunk works. 5. Electricity permeates all fields of human activity.

1.2. Answer the questions to the text.

1.What properties does electricity possess?

2.In what areas is electricity applied?

3.What did the generator replace?

4.What does consumption of electricity indicate?

5.How does mankind benefit from electricity usage?

6.Point out disadvantages of electricity.

1.3. Give Russian equivalents to the following.

transmission shafts, to become universal, lighting, power cables, time and labour saving appliances, the latest laser devices, longstanding and unquestionable, a compact source of electricity, gear wheels, the electric

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bulb, to set up electric networks, belts, pulleys, to replace the batteries, to come into wide use, to design induction motors, to consume per capita, to improve services, to reduce costs, to cover all fields of human activity, electron beams.

1.4. Give English equivalents to the following.

ксерокс, промышленное использование, пучок электронов, потребление электричества, вырабатывать побочные продукты, обеспечивать энергией, экологически чистый, электроприборы, экономящие время и труд, ремни и блоки, потребление на душу населения, снижать расходы, бесспорный факт, свойства электричества, трансмиссионные валы, зубчатые колеса, электрическое освещение, разработать индукционные двигатели, заменять другие источники энергии.

1.5. Match up the words in the right and the left columns to make expressions. Make up your own sentences using them.

1.6. Complete each sentence with the appropriate word from Text 1. The first letter of each word is given.

1.They sell all kinds of e__________equipment and a______________.

2.Don’t strain your eyes by putting up with poor l______________.

3.Washing machines, vacuum cleaners, washdishers and others are l______-s____________ appliances.

4.G__________ is a machine that produces electricity.

5.The b_________ is flat. It needs recharging.

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6.The electric b______ is a glass object that you put in an electric light to produce light.

7.Many newer cars have a much lower fuel c______________ .

8.Thanks to disruptive technologies petroleum refineries have significantly reduced the amount of b__-p_________ .

9.Computer technologies and l______ beams can be used to control the weather.

10.Britain spends more p__ c________ on defense than many other European countries.

11.The pump is powered by an electric m____________ .

1.7. Match up the terms on the left with the definitions on the right.

1.8. a) Identify the tense and the voice in the following sentences;

b) Make them negative and ask questions using the question-words in brackets

1.The cutting edge laser devices have been applied in medicine. (Where?)

2.Electricity has provided mankind with the most efficient source of energy. ( What? \ What with?)

3.No other source of energy has been so widely used as electricity. (What? \How?)

4.The consumption of electricity has doubled every ten years. (How often?)

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5. The appearance of electricity has completely transformed our everyday lives. (What? \ How?)

1.9.Find in Text 1 sentences in the Present Perfect Tense.

1.10.Put the sentences into the Present Perfect or Past Simple Tense

1.Recently the military radar systems _________(to spot) a lot of enemy aircrafts.

2.Twenty years ago we __________(can) not imagine the appearance of cutting edge technical advances such as touch-screen smart phones, tablets etc.

3.They ______already ______ (to begin) the experiment in the field of electrochemistry.

4.When ____the employee _____ (to email) the documents?

5.The scientists _________(to fail) to finish the experiment. – Why? – There ____________ (to be) a blackout in our district an hour ago.

6.The first electric lines and networks __________ (to set up) at the end of the 19th century.

1.11 a) Read the title of the dialogue. What do you know about this man? What makes him unique? Can you list some of his important inventions?

b)Read and translate it into Russian.

c)Retell the dialogue on the part of Mr. Smith.

A Story about Edison

Edison: Oh, Ben, I’m glad to see you. How are you? Wilson: Fine. And how are you?

Edison: So-so. A lot of work to do. Just today I’ve begun a very important work. Oh, excuse me, meet my assistant John Smith. John, this is my old friend from my home town, Ben Wilson.

Smith: How do you do, Mr. Wilson?

Wilson: How do you do, Mr. Smith? Glad to meet you.

Edison: Will you come to my laboratory and have dinner with John and me tonight?

Wilson: Yes, I will.

Edison: Come at six tonight, will you? Wilson: I’ll certainly come.

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At six o’clock at the laboratory.

Wilson: Good evening, Tom. Good evening, Mr. Smith.

Smith: Good evening, Mr. Wilson. Mr. Edison is experimenting with a microscope. All his interest is there. Would you mind walking around for a while looking at Mr. Edison’s inventions?

Wilson: With pleasure.

Smith: In a few minutes dinner will be brought. We usually eat our dinner here. Don’t you mind?

Wilson: Certainly not.

Smith: The dinner is ready. Let Mr. Edison know you are here. Wilson: Shall we eat, Tom? But he doesn’t answer.

Smith: He is busy working with his microscope.

Wilson: But I’m quite hungry. Tom, the food looks good, and it is getting cold.

Smith: You see, Mr. Edison never stops working for a second till he is satisfied with what he is doing.

Wilson: Then let’s sit down and have a meal.

Two hours later Mr. Wilson and Smith finished the meal and left the lab. Edison (entering the lab): Oh, I’m hungry. If those dishes were not

empty, I would say I’ve had no dinner tonight.

1.12. Develop the following points using the information of Text 1 and your own ideas.

1. Nowadays mankind can’t do without electricity.

2. Electricity has been successfully used in the industrial world. 3. Electricity has a lot of advantages.

4. Electricity is the energy of the future.

1.13. a) Look at the title of Text 2 and try and predict what the text will be about.

b)Which key words are most likely to be used in it?

c)Scan Text 2 and find the appropriate question to every passage. One question is odd.

A.What can seem strange about solar-powered street lamps?

B.Which devices is it necessary to develop?

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