Английский язык для логопедов. Учебно-методическое пособие

Boxing Day on the 26th of December is the day of visiting friends, of giving gifts.

New Year’s Day is on January, 1. In Britain New Year is not as widely celebrated as Christmas. Most people see the old year out and the new year in with their friends and relatives. At midnight on New Year’s Eve when Big Ben is chiming everybody joins hands and sings “The good old days”. The most famous celebration is round the statue of Eros in Piccadilly Circus where people sing, dance and welcome the New Year.

Good Friday is the Friday before Easter when the church marks the death of Christ. On this day people eat hot-cross buns - small sweet rolls marked on top with a cross.

On Easter people give each other chocolate Easter eggs.

Easter Monday is a traditional day for the start of the summer tourist season as schools close for two weeks.

On May Day different outdoor events are held. In villages throughout Britain children dance and sing round the maypole to celebrate the end of winter and welcome summer.

Spring Bank Holiday falls on the last Monday in May. Summer Bank Holiday is held on the last Monday in August. In Britain people usually go to the seaside for a bathe or a game on the beach.

Besides bank holidays there are festivals and celebration days on which certain traditions are observed but unless they fall on Sunday, they are ordinary working days. They are: St.Valentine’s Day, Pancake Day, April Fool’s Day, Guy Fawkes’ Night, Remembrance Day, Halloween and many others like

Harvest Festival, Dog shows and etc.

roast turkey - запеченная индейка see out – провожать

3. Answer the questions:

1.What are bank holidays in the UK?

2.What are the eight bank holidays in Britain?

3.What is the most widely celebrated bank holiday in the UK?

4.What is Boxing Day in the UK?

5.What is the significance of Good Friday in the UK?

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6.What is Easter Monday in the UK?

7.What is May Day in the UK?

8.What are the Spring Bank Holiday and Summer Bank Holiday in the UK?

9.What are some other festivals and celebration days in the UK?

10.What is the history of bank holidays in the UK?

4. Say if the statements are true or false:

1.Every country and every nation has its own holidays, customs, and traditions.

2.British people are very proud of their traditions.

3.British people are very proud of their traditions, cherish them and carefully keep them up because they like to gather together, eat and drink traditional dishes.

4.There are nine bank holidays in the UK.

5.All public holidays are movable.

6.Christmas Day is the most widely celebrated and the most colorful and merry of all bank holidays.

7.Boxing Day is the day of sport events.

8.New Year’s Day is not as widely celebrated as Christmas in Britain.

9.Good Friday is the Friday before Easter when the church marks the death of Christ.

10.Easter is a traditional day for the start of the summer tourist season as schools close for two weeks.

5. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate holiday or tradition:

1.On Christmas Day, many people go to ____, give presents, and eat traditional Christmas dishes.

2._____ is the most widely celebrated and colorful of all bank holidays.

3.In villages throughout Britain, children dance and sing round the maypole to celebrate the end of winter and welcome summer on _____.

4.People eat hot-cross buns on______.

5.The day of visiting friends, of giving gifts is ____.

6.In Britain people usually go to the seaside for a bathe or a game on the beach on _____.

6.Complete the sentences using one of these verbs in the correct form: cause, damage, hold, include, invite, make, overtake, show, translate, write

1.Many accidents ______ by dangerous driving.

2.Cheese __________from milk.

3.The roof of the building ___________ in the storm a few days ago.

4.There is no need to leave a tip. Service ___________ in the bill.

5.You _________ to the wedding. Why didn`t you go?

6.A cinema is a place where films_______.

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7.In the United States, elections for President ________every four years.

8.Originally the book ____ in Spanish and a few years ago it ___ into English.

9.We were driving along quite fast but we________ by lots of other cars.

7.Use active or passive in the sentences:

1.Nobody (to see) him yesterday. 2. The telegram (to receive) tomorrow. 3. He (to give) me this book next week. 4. The answer to this question can (to find) in the encyclopedia. 5. We (to show) the historical monuments of the capital to the delegation tomorrow. 6. You can (to find) interesting information about the life in the USA in this book. 7. Budapest (to divide) by the Danube into two parts: Buda and Pest. 8. Yuri Dolgoruki (to found) Moscow in 1147. 9. Moscow University (to found) by Lomonosov. 10. We (to call) Zhukovski the father of Russian aviation.

The UK is a constitutional monarchy. In law, the Head of State is the King. In practice, the King reigns, but does not rule. The country is ruled by the

elected government with the Prime Minister at the head. The King is also the head of the judiciary (all the judges) and of the Church of England, as well as the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.

But true power lies in the hands of the Prime Minister and his or her

Cabinet. Nothing becomes British law without the monarch’s signature, but the monarch would never refuse to sign a bill which has been passed by Parliament. It is the monarch who officially appoints the Prime Minister, but traditionally he always asks the leader of the party with a majority in the House of Commons.

The British Parliament has two houses, or chambers: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The House of Commons is the most powerful and decides national policy, but the House of Lords can ask the House of Commons to rewrite certain parts of a bill before it becomes a new law.

The House of Commons consists of Members of Parliament, MPs. Each MP is elected by voters in one constituency (region). There are 651 MPs, or seats, in the House of Commons.

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The 1203 members of the House of Lords are not elected. Some are life peers: they are members of the House of Lords, but their sons or daughters cannot be members. Life peers are usually former members of the House of Commons. There are also a number of judges or bishops. The majority (774), however, are hereditary peers, the heads of aristocratic families. This means that most members of the House of Lords are there because of something their ancestors did. The head of both Houses of Parliament is the King, but he has very little power.

The party with most MPs forms the government. The leader of the winning party automatically becomes Prime Minister and appoints the Cabinet. The members of the Cabinet are the leading government ministers. The Prime Minister is the most important person in Parliament (Britain does not have a President). The party who comes second is the Opposition and forms its own Shadow Cabinet.

British Prime Ministers have lived at 10 Downing Street since 1731. The Chancellor of the Exchequer (responsible for money and finance) lives next door at number 11. People often talk about “Downing Street” when they mean the Prime Minister and his or her Cabinet.

The most important function of the monarch is ceremonial. He gives a state banquet, usually in his home Buckingham Palace, when foreign monarchs or Heads of State visit Britain and soldiers dressed in eighteenth-century uniforms help him welcome them.

The King is the head of the Commonwealth (a group of former and presentday British colonies) and a symbol of British traditions.

Active Vocabulary

3. Answer the questions:

1.What is the political and constitutional role of the monarch in the UK?

2.Who is the head of state in the UK?

3.Who is the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces in the UK?

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4.Who appoints the Prime Minister in the UK?

5.How many houses does the British Parliament have?

6.What is the most powerful house in the British Parliament?

7.How many MPs are there in the House of Commons?

8.Who are the members of the House of Lords?

9.Who forms the government in the UK?

10.Who automatically becomes Prime Minister in the UK?

11.Who lives at 10 Downing Street in the UK?

12.What is the most important function of the monarch in the UK?

4.Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the text:

1.The UK is a __________ monarchy.

2.The Head of State is the __________.

3.The King reigns, but does not __________.

4.The country is ruled by the __________ government.

5.The Prime Minister is the most important person in __________.

6.The British Parliament has two __________: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.

7.The House of Commons is the most powerful and decides _______policy.

8.The House of Lords can ask the House of Commons to rewrite certain parts of a __________ before it becomes a new law.

9.The majority of the members of the House of Lords are _________ peers.

10.The party with most MPs forms the __________.

11.The leader of the winning party automatically becomes __________.

12.The most important function of the monarch is __________.

5. Say if the statements are true or false:

1. The UK is a constitutional monarchy. 2. In law, the Head of State is the King. 3. The King reigns, but does not rule. 4. The King is the head of the judiciary and of the Church of England, as well as the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces. 5. The true power lies in the hands of the Prime Minister and his or her Cabinet. 6. Nothing becomes British law without the monarch’s signature, but the monarch can refuse to sign a bill which has been passed by Parliament. 7. The British Parliament has two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. 8. The House of Commons is the most powerful and decides national policy, and the House of Lords cannot ask the House of Commons to rewrite certain parts of a bill before it becomes a new law. 9. The House of Commons consists of Members of Parliament, MPs, and there are 459 MPs in the House of Commons. 10. The 1203 members of the House of Lords are not elected, and the majority are life peers. 11. The party with the most MPs forms the government, and the leader of the winning party automatically becomes Prime Minister and appoints the Cabinet. 12. The most important function of the monarch is ceremonial.

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6. Change sentences into reported speech:

1. “He works in a bank.” 2. “We went out last night.” 3. “I’m coming!” 4. “I was waiting for the bus when he arrived.” 5. “I’d never been there before.” 6. “I didn’t go to the party.” 7. “Lucy’ll come later.” 8. “He hasn’t eaten breakfast.” 9. “I can help you tomorrow.” 10. “You should go to bed early.” 11. “I don’t like chocolate.” 12. “I won’t see you tomorrow.” 13. “She’s living in Paris for a few months.”14. “I visited my parents at the weekend.” 15. “She hasn’t eaten sushi before.” 16. “I hadn’t travelled by underground before I came to London.” 17. “They would help if they could.”18. “I’ll do the washing-up later.” 19. “He could read when he was three.” 20. “I was sleeping when Julie called.”

7.Some sentences have mistakes. Find and correct them:

1.My tutor asked me had I finished my report.

2.I asked some people on the street where the hotel was.

3.My mother called me and asked me where I am.

4.They said whether they could start the next day.

5.He asked his friend to pick him up at the airport.

6.Their neighbour asked them don't make noise.

7.She told she wanted to take up a new hobby.

UNIT 10

HEALTHY DIET

Модальные глаголы

1.Questions for discussion:

1.Do you keep to a diet?

2.What’s your favourite food?

3.How many times a day do you eat?

4.Do you have a snack between meals?

5.Are you a fussy eater?

6.Do you often go to a fast food restaurant?

2. Read and translate the following text:

A healthy diet is essential for good health and nutrition. It protects you against many chronic noncommunicable diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes and cancer. Eating a variety of foods and consuming less salt, sugars and saturated and industrially-produced trans-fats, are essential for healthy diet.

A healthy diet comprises a combination of different foods. These include: Staples like cereals (wheat, barley, rye, maize or rice) or starchy tubers or

roots (potato, yam, taro or cassava). Legumes (lentils and beans). Fruit and vegetables.

Foods from animal sources (meat, fish, eggs and milk).

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Here is some useful information, based on World Health Organization recommendations, to follow a healthy diet, and the benefits of doing so.

A healthy diet starts early in life and may have longer-term health benefits, like reducing the risk of becoming overweight or obese and developing noncommunicable diseases later in life.

Eat plenty of vegetables and fruit:

They are important sources of vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre, plant protein and antioxidants. People with diets rich in vegetables and fruit have a significantly lower risk of obesity, heart disease, stroke, diabetes and certain types of cancer.

Eat less fat:

Fats and oils are concentrated sources of energy. Eating too much, particularly the wrong kinds of fat, like saturated and industrially-produced trans-fat, can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Using unsaturated vegetable oils (olive, soy, sunflower or corn oil) rather than animal fats or oils high in saturated fats (butter, ghee, lard, coconut and palm oil) will help consume healthier fats.

To avoid unhealthy weight gain, consumption of total fat should not exceed 30% of a person's overall energy intake.

Limit intake of sugars:

For a healthy diet, sugars should represent less than 10% of your total energy intake. Reducing even further to under 5% has additional health benefits.

Choosing fresh fruits instead of sweet snacks such as cookies, cakes and chocolate helps reduce consumption of sugars.

Limiting intake of soft drinks, soda and other drinks high in sugars (fruit juices, cordials and syrups, flavoured milks and yogurt drinks) also helps reduce intake of sugars.

Reduce salt intake:

Keeping your salt intake to less than 5h per day helps prevent hypertension and reduces the risk of heart disease and stroke in the adult population.

Limiting the amount of salt and high-sodium condiments (soy sauce and fish sauce) when cooking and preparing foods helps reduce salt intake.

It is also important to stay active and maintain a healthy weight. Being overweight or obese can lead to health conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, certain cancers, heart disease and stroke. Being underweight could also affect your health. Most adults need to lose weight by eating fewer calories. If you're trying to lose weight, aim to eat less and be more active.

Do not get thirsty:

You should drink plenty of fluids to stop you getting dehydrated. The government recommends drinking 6 to 8 glasses every day. This is in addition to the fluid you get from the food you eat. All non-alcoholic drinks count, but water, lower fat milk and lower sugar drinks, including tea and coffee, are healthier choices. Try to avoid sugary soft and fizzy drinks, as they're high in calories. They're also bad for your teeth.

So, follow these recommendations and you will feel healthy and strong!

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3. Answer the questions:

1.Why is a healthy diet important?

2.What are the benefits of eating a variety of foods?

3.What are the staples of a healthy diet?

4.How can breastfeeding help foster healthy growth?

5.What are the risks of eating too much fat?

6.What are some tips for reducing sugar intake?

7.How can salt intake be reduced?

8.Why is it important to stay active and maintain a healthy weight?

9.How much water should a person drink per day?

10.What are some tips for making a diet healthier?

4. Complete the sentences with the appropriate words from the text:

a.A healthy diet is essential for good health and __________.

b.Eating a variety of foods and consuming less salt, sugars, and saturated fats are essential for a __________ diet.

c.Staples like cereals or starchy tubers are examples of __________.

d.__________ are important sources of vitamins, minerals, and dietary

fiber.

e.Fats and oils are concentrated sources of __________.

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5.Make up a conversation with your partner discussing types of diets.

6.Choose the correct modal verb:

1. All passengers ... (should/must) wear seat-belts. 2. My tooth hurts. I think

I ... (shouldn’t/ought to) see a dentist. 3. I ... (couldn’t/needn’t to) eat sweets when I was a girl.4. You ... (don’t have to/mustn’t) walk on the grass. 5. You ...

(have to/shouldn’t) be kind and polite. 6. He ... (doesn’t have to/shouldn’t) whistle inside a house. 7. Your brother ... (ought to/must) eat healthy food. 8. Strawberry yoghurt ... (mustn’t/doesn’t have to) contain real strawberries. 9. You ... (should/have to) read this book. It’s really nice. 10. Greg ... (can/ought to) spend more time on English grammar.

7. Put must, mustn’t, have to, don’t have to или doesn’t have to in the sentences:

1. It’s a secret. You ... tell it to anyone. 2. You ... respect your parents. 3.

She is very rich. She ... go to work. 4. This party is free. You ... buy any tickets. 5. This is the last bus for Paris and we ... miss it. 6. You ... be on time for the exam. 7. They ... eat too much cake. 8. We’re going to the restaurant, so our mother ... cook tonight. 9. You ... forget to turn off the light before you leave. 10. It’s getting late. I think I ... go now. 11. Boys and girls, you ... hand in your essays by Thursday. 12. Tom ... take a bus because his dad drives him to school every morning. 13. You ... tell me lies. It’s just awful. 14. We ... tidy up our room because our sister did it yesterday. 15. You ... smoke on board the plane.

UNIT 11

SPORT IN MODERN LIFE

Модальные глаголы

1.Questions for discussion:

1.Do you do any sport?

2.Do you go to the gym?

3.What is your favourite sport game?

4.What is your favourite kind of sport?

5.Do you watch the Olympic Games or World Cups?

2. Read and translate the text:

Text A

Sport in modern life

A healthy lifestyle, proper nutrition, and sport are the main elements of life that every person should follow. Nowadays, sports equipment companies offer a lot of various simulators that make sports activities more attractive and efficient. In all cities every year sports clubs, sports halls, fitness centers open. Sport is also available in nature, at home, even in the workplace. Home exercise

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equipment is distinguished by its compactness and mobility. A lot of audio training cassettes are produced that allow you to play sports at home, and save money and free time in fitness rooms.

Even if you are busy at work and live in an accelerated rhythm, you need to find a free half hour every day and devote them to the sport. Any physical activity is very good for health, keeps in shape, supports strength and improves mood from the results. Sports activities contribute to the proper metabolism, which affects the general well-being, increases efficiency.

Sport strengthens the immune system and the human body has the ability to fight colds and viruses. Also, thanks to the sport, fat cells are burned, muscles strengthen, a beautiful posture appears, the figure looks slim and fit. Sport is useful for the work of the heart, proper blood circulation. Due to physical exertion, the likelihood of strokes and heart attacks is reduced. Those who like to play sports, get rid of all bad habits, first of all alcohol and tobacco are excluded.

The British are known to be great sports-lovers, so when they are neither playing, nor watching games, they like to talk about them. Many of the games we play now have come from Britain.

One of the most British games is cricket. It is often played in schools, colleges, universities, and by club teams all over the country. Summer isn't summer without cricket. To many Englishmen cricket is both a game and the way of life.

But as almost everywhere else in the world, the game, which attracts the greatest attention, is football, or soccer. There are plenty of professional and amateur soccer clubs all over Britain.

International football matches and the Cup Finals take place at Wembley Stadium. Next to football, the chief spectator sport in British life is horseracing. A lot of people are interested in the races and risk money on the horse, which they think, will win. Derby is perhaps the most famous race-course competition in the whole world.

Britain is also famous for motorcar racing, dog-racing, boat racing, and even races for donkeys. The famous boat racing between the teams of Oxford and Cambridge attracts large crowds of people.

A great number of Englishmen play tennis. Tennis tournaments at Wimbledon are known all over the world.

The British also like to play golf, baseball, hockey, and grass-hockey. Various kinds of athletics, such as running, jumping, swimming, boxing are also popular.

You can sometimes hear that there are no winter sports in England. Of course, in England it's not always cold enough to ski, skate, or toboggan, but winter is a good season for hunting and fishing.

Sport unites people of different classes and nationalities, and they are given significant attention in educational establishments.

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