English guide for economists and managers (руководство на английском языке для экономистов и менеджеров). Учебное пособие

business occasions: Men are expected to wear either a suit, or a jacket (blazer type) and trousers, and women may wear semi-formal light suits or a skirt and blouse.

Entertaining. As the Guest: after being entertained, (as a visiting executive), you are not expected to return the compliment, at least not immediately. However, within a reasonable time, e.g. within the next six months, and certainly, if the London executive subsequently visits you, then there is an expectation for the compliment to be returned. As Host: at business dinners and formal occasions, your most important guests ought to be seated nearest the middle of the table. Try to mix and mingle your guests, and if you have colleagues, who are also hosting the event, then alternate a guest with a host. Try not to seat your guests so that there are good and bad ends of the table, or good and bad tables. Try to create an even mix of guests and hosts.

Gifts. Gifts to Business Associates: Executives in London do not expect to receive gifts from business associates, and some organizations especially, those in the public sector and government bodies, are encouraged not to accept any form of gift. If you wish to give a gift, check the organizations policy on gifts with a senior executive of the organization, for example the company secretary.

Small symbolic items, dairies, pens, champaign and alcohol generally are the types of gifts which are well received by executives as thankyou gifts. The gift ought not to seem inappropriately expensive. Gifts at Social Occasions: If you are invited to a business associates home, a gift of flowers or champaign (alcohol generally) although not expected is the practice of many executives.

London executives tend not to take a gift for their hosts partner (wife or husband), however, if you feel that doing so would be appropriate, then flowers is probably a suitable gift.

Tipping. The amount tipped depends on the level of service received, however, generally London executives will tip the following amounts: £2-5 to airport baggage staff and porters; £1-2 to hotel concierges, porters, doormen, for room service and hotel staff generally; 10 % at restaurants (note that many restaurants include a service charge in their bill, however, sometimes the staff do not personally receive it); 10 % to taxi drivers.

по материалу http://www.london-guides.co.uk/pages.php?id=b0701020

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UNIT VIII

MANAGEMENT: ITS FUNCTIONS AND LEVELS

Starting up

Before studying the material of Unit VIII, read and memorize the key definition of this unit.

Management:

–the function that coordinates the efforts of people to accomplish goals and objectives using available resources effectively (in business and organizations);

–the organization and coordination of the activities of a business in order to achieve defined objectives;

–the directors and managers who have the power and responsibility to make decisions and oversee an enterprise;

–an academic discipline, a social science whose object of study is the social organization.

Words and Expressions to be studied:

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While reading the Text of this Unit, you’ll find these words and expressions. They will be given as italicized ones. You may also consult any English-Russian dictionary.

Vocabulary

Task 1. While scanning the text «Management» find the following English words in it and a) read them aloud correctly (if you are not sure, consult the dictionary); b) give their translation;

Appropriate, authority, business, to coordinate, efficiency, employee, issue, firm, function, hierarchy, manager, objectives, to run, social

c) make your own possible combinations of words (phrases) using the words, given above.

Example: absolute authority, to run cources, David’s objective, etc.

Task 2. Make nouns from the following verbs.

Achieve, control, direct, know, manage, motivate, organize, work.

Task 3. Find antonyms among the following words and translate them. Time for doing this task is limited – 7 minutes. Mind the time.

To hire, strength, to destroy, useful, to achieve, merit, same, to fire, fault, to encourage, useless, to fail, surplus, to create, deficit, few, weakness, to discourage, different, many.

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Task 4. Translate the following Russian phrases into English. Time for doing this task is limited – 5 minutes. Mind the time.

Центральное место среди производственных факторов, основные функции менеджмента, работать эффективно, постоянно совершенствовать навыки, иметь одни и те же цели, количество уровней в иерархии, управлять предприятием, проявлять инициативу в некотором роде.

Reading

Task 1. Discuss these questions in pairs.

a)What is management? Which definition do you like more?

b)What components are included in Management of 4 M’s? Why?

c)What are the basic functions of management?

Management

Nature of Management. As the mind controls the human body and its functions, management (mind) controls the various activities (human body) in the organization. Management occupies the central place among production factors as it combines and coordinates all other resources.

Definition of Management. Management is the art of getting things done through others. Henry Fayol defines the verb «to manage» as «to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to coordinate and to control». According to Harold Koontz, «management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups efficiently accomplish selected aims». To sum it up, managers carry out their managerial function and the term applies to any kind of organization, to managers at all organizational levels. The aim of it is to create a surplus. Management is concerned with productivity and it implies effectiveness and efficiency. Management of 4 M’s in the organization is Men, Machine, Materials and Money.

Basic functions of Management. Management operates through various functions, often classified as planning, organizing, staffing, leading / directing, controlling / monitoring and motivation. They are explained as follows. Planning: deciding what needs to happen in the fu-

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ture (today, next week, next month, next year, over the next 5 years, etc.) and generating plans for the action. Organizing: (implementation) making an optimum use of the resources to carry out plans successfully. Staffing: analysing the job, recruiting and hiring individuals for appropriate jobs. Leading / Directing: determining what needs to be done in a situation and getting people to do it. Controlling / Monitoring: checking progress against plans. Motivation. It is also a kind of the basic function of management, because without motivation, employees cannot work effectively. If motivation doesn’t take place in an organization, then employees may not contribute to the other functions (which are usually set by top level management).

Fayol’s principles of management. Henry Fayol has set fourteen principles of management. They are as follows:

1.Division of Work. Specialization allows the individual to build up experience, and continuously improve his skills. Thereby he can be more productive.

2.Authority. The right to issue commands, along with which must go the balanced responsibility for its function.

3.Discipline. Employees must obey, but this is two-sided: employees will only obey orders if management plays their part by providing good leadership.

4.Unity of Command. Each worker should have only one boss with no other conflicting lines of command.

5.Unity of Direction. People engaged in the same kind of activities must have the same objectives in a single plan. This is essential to ensure unity and coordination in the enterprise. Unity of command does not exist without unity of direction but does not necessarily flow from it.

6.Subordination of individual interest (to the general interest). Management must see that the goals of the firms are always paramount.

7.Remuneration. Payment is an important motivator although by analyzing a number of possibilities, Fayol points out that there is no such thing as a perfect system.

8.Centralization (or Decentralization). This is a matter of degree depending on the condition of the business and the quality of its personnel.

9.Scalar chain1 (Line of Authority). A hierarchy is necessary for unity of direction. But lateral communication is also fundamental, as long as superiors know that such communication is taking place. Scalar

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chain refers to the number of levels in the hierarchy from the ultimate authority to the lowest level in the organization. It should not be overstretched and consist of too-many levels.

10.Order. Both a material order and a social order are necessary. The former minimizes lost time and useless handling of materials. The latter is achieved through organization and selection.

11.Equity. In running a business a «combination of kindliness and justice» is needed. Treating employees well is important to achieve equity.

12.Stability of Tenure of Personnel. Employees work better if job security and career progress are assured to them. An insecure tenure and a high rate of employee turnover will affect the organization adversely.

13.Initiative. Allowing all personnel to show their initiative in some way is a source of strength for the organization. Even though it may well involve a sacrifice of «personal vanity» on the part of many managers.

14.Esprit de Corps2. Management must foster the morale of its employees. Fayol further suggests that: «real talent is needed to coordinate an effort, encourage keenness, use each person’s abilities, and reward each one’s merit without arousing possible jealousies and disturbing harmonious relations.»

Notes to the text:

1Scalar chain – скалярная цепь, субординация (порядок соподчиненности в организации; иерархия уровней управления, создаваемая делегированием полномочий и ответственности).

2Esprit de Corps – корпоративный (командный) дух, чувство гордости принадлежности к единому сплоченному коллективу.

Language review

Task 1. Fill in the blanks in the sentences with proper prepositions. Define Grammar Tense and the Voice of the underlined predicate in each sentence.

1. According ... H. Koontz, «management is the process ... designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together ...

groups efficiently accomplish selected aims».

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2.Unity ... command does not exist ... unity of direction but does not necessarily flow ... it.

3.Payment is an important motivator although ... analyzing a number ...

possibilities, Fayol points ... that there is no such thing as a perfect system

4.... running a business a «combination ... kindliness and justice» is needed.

5.An insecure tenure and a high rate ... employee turnover will affect the organization adversely.

Task 2. a) Fill in the blanks with proper forms of the verbs.

b)Take any three verbs, used in the Text or in Task 3 a) and make three sentences of your own in English (in a written form). Making the sentences, any Grammar Tense and Voice can be used.

c)Find a partner, read your sentences and ask him (her) to translate them into Russian. Then change your roles.

Task 3. Make up four questions of different types on the Text and ask your partner to answer them. Mind the grammar and choose the auxiliary verb according to the Tense in each question. Change your roles.

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Example:

-Is Management the art of getting things done through others? (general question) Yes, it is / No, it is not.

-Why does management occupy the central place among production factors? (special question) It occupies the central place as …

-Has Henry Fayol set fourteen or twelve principles of management? (alternative question) Henry Fayol has set …

-Management is the art of getting things done through others, isn’t it? (tag question) Yes, it is / No, it isn’t.

Writing

Translate the text below into Russian.

Функциональное и общее управление

Функциональное управление и общее управление-это две стороны процесса управления. Организация сгруппирована по областям специализации в рамках различных функциональных областей (например, финансы, маркетинг и инженерия), поэтому функциональное управление является наиболее распространенным типом организационного управления.

Функциональное управление. Помимо руководителей про-

дуктовых и / или географических подразделений фирмы, команда высшего руководства компании обычно состоит из нескольких функциональных руководителей, таких как финансовый директор, операционный директор и директор по стратегии. Функциональный менеджер-это человек, который имеет полномочия по управлению организационной единицей, такой как отдел, в рамках бизнеса, компании или другой организации. Функциональный менеджер несет постоянную ответственность и обычно не связан напрямую с проектными группами, за исключением обеспечения того, чтобы цели и задачи были согласованы с общей стратегией и видением организации.

Общее управление фокусируется на всем бизнесе в целом. Общие управленческие обязанности включают разработку политики, управление ежедневными операциями и планирование использования материальных и людских ресурсов. Однако они слишком

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разнообразны и носят общий характер, чтобы их можно было классифицировать в какой-либо одной функциональной области управления или администрирования, такой как персонал, закупки или административные услуги.

Генеральные менеджеры включают в себя владельцев и менеджеров, возглавляющих предприятия малого бизнеса, чьи обязанности в основном являются управленческими. Чаще всего термин «генеральный менеджер» относится к любому руководителю, который несет общую ответственность за управление как доходными, так и стоимостными элементами отчета о прибылях и убытках компании. Это означает, что генеральный менеджер обычно контролирует большую часть или все маркетинговые и сбытовые функции фирмы, а также повседневные операции бизнеса. Часто генеральный менеджер отвечает за эффективное планирование, делегирование полномочий, координацию, укомплектование штатов, организацию и принятие решений для достижения желаемых результатов получения прибыли для организации.

UNIT IX

MANAGEMENT STYLES

Starting up

Before studying the material of Unit IX, read and memorize the definitions of the key terms of this unit.

Manager:

–anyone who uses management skills or holds the organizational title of a manager;

–someone who controls resources and expenditures;

–someone in charge of training an athlete or a team (in sport).

Duty:

–a moral or legal obligation;

–responsibility of conduct, function, or performance that arises from an express or implied contract, or from the fact of holding an office or position; something that is done as part of a job.

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