Dredging ships. Практикум для СПО
.pdfUNIT VII
CONVERSATIONAL PRACTICE
Exercise 1. Make up a conversation with the Port Authorities using the following phrases.
1.Show me the plan of the area, please.
2.The scale of the plan is too small.
3.Can you give us the plan of a larger scale?
4.The dumping ground (disposal area) is rather (very) far.
5.It is necessary to indicate the depth here.
6.Are the soundings taken here (in this sport)?
7.Is the area properly buoyed?
8.What is the character of bottom here?
9.What should the final width of the dredging area be?
10.Will the depth be enough?
11.Are there any underwater obstructions here?
12.Is the bottom carefully examined? Can you show the examination certificate?
13.What are the weather conditions here during this time of the year?
14.What is the depth outside the channel limits?
15.Why have you chosen this place for disposal area?
Exercise 2. Translate from Russian into English the following phrases and make up short dialogues.
1.Когда вы планируете закончить дноработы?
2.Мы планируем закончить дноработы в конце месяца.
3.Нам бы хотелось уточнить участок дноработ.
4.Вы должны сделать промеры на участке дноработ.
5.Эта баржа должна отвезти пульпу на место свалки.
6.Можно начинать дноработы? Да, пора начинать.
7.Наш землесос прибудет в порт 20 августа для выполнения дноработ.
8.Наш землесос начнёт дноработы 25 августа и закончит их к 1 ноября.
9.Их земснаряд закончил дноработы на прошлой неделе, и теперь он ждёт буксир, который отбуксирует его в Новороссийск.
10.Наш земснаряд углубляет канал в порту сейчас.
11.Мы можем закончить дноработы на этой неделе.
12.Они закончили дноработы на этой неделе.
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UNIT VIII
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
Exercise 1. Read the article from the journal and speak about the principal characteristic of the trailing suction dredger ROTTERDAM.
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Principal characteristics |
Name |
ROTTERDAM |
Type |
Trailing Suction Hopper Dredger |
Year |
2001 |
Owner |
Anglo Dutch Dredging Co. (Ballast Ned am) |
Builder |
Van der Giessen-de Noord / IHC Holland |
Length overall |
180.40 m |
Length b.p.p |
172.50 m |
Beam |
31.00 m |
Depth |
12.50 m |
Draught |
11.36 m |
Hopper capacity |
21.500 m3 |
Loading capacity |
37.000 tons |
Diameter suction pipes |
2 x 1,200 mm |
Dredging depth |
40/60 m |
Dredgepump power |
2 x 3.000 kW (trailing) 2 x 6.000 kW |
Jetpump power |
5.000 kW |
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Propulsion power |
2 x 9.000 kW |
Total installed power |
27.470 kW |
Laden speed |
15.00 knots |
Accommodation |
39 persons |
Exercise 2. Read the article.
A new training aid for cutter suction dredger operations
There is an increasing need for training on the field of dredging. On the one hand, dredging equipment is becoming not only more efficient but also increasingly complex. On the other hand it is difficult to find personnel with adequate knowledge and skill for a job as a competent dredger operator.
Regular education at various levels in the field of dredging is available in a number of West European countries including the Netherlands. This ranges from a main subject at university level to basic technical dredger operator training. Generally, however, education facilities of this kind are scarce, and it is common for personnel to find themselves moved from an excavator or suchlike to the cabin of a cutter suction dredger with, if they are lucky, a reasonable technical education but with no specific knowledge of dredging. They can then expect their “education” to continued in practice by learning from others whose own knowledge of dredging may be inadequate. This is obviously no way to obtain a basic understanding of the dredging process, and the probability that a dredger will be used to the best of its capabilities in virtually zero. Efficient and effective use of a dredger is, however, of the utmost importance in generating a satisfactory return on investment.
The Training Institute for dredging (TID) offers a variety of training facilities. A general dredging course is organized each year for participants from all over the world. This two week course covers all important aspects of dredging. There are also
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a number of other regular short training courses, with more to come in the near future. As well as regular courses of this type, which are open to all, individual clients are also offered a possibility of specially adapted or customized courses, on-the-job training, and familiarization training etc.
A new powerful training aid has recently been developed for the training of personnel who have a basic technical education but whose knowledge of (cutter suction) dredging is insufficient to become an efficient dredger operator. This aid consists of a comprehensive training course on CD-ROM. It was developed in collaboration with DEME, a leading international contractor.
Exercise 3. Answer the questions.
1.Why is there an increasing need for training in the field of dredging?
2.Is there regular education on dredging in West European countries?
3.Does existing technical education give enough specific knowledge of dredging?
4.What is one of the reasons why a dredger is not used to the best of its capa-
bilities?
5.Decipher the abbreviation TID.
6.Who can become a participant of TID?
7.What aspects does a regular course of training cover?
8.What possibilities are also offered to individual clients?
9.Who is the new training course on CD-ROM intended for?
Exercise 4. Read the article and speak about the principal characteristics of the dredger Vasco da Gama.
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Length oa |
201 m |
Length bp |
178 m |
Breadth mou!ded |
36.20 m |
DesignDraught |
13 m |
Dredging Draught |
14.6 m |
Deadweight at 1460m |
draught 60 000 dwt |
Speed |
at 1300 m draught 1650 km |
Full specifications
The Vasco da Gama is one of the largest suction dredgers in the world. It was built by Thyssen Nordsswerke (hull number 525) for the Belgian group Jan de Nul. It will be used on large-scale land reclamation work and offshore projects such as trenching, pre-sweeping and rock dumping in deep water.
The Vasco da Gama has an overall length of 201 m, 178 m between perpendiculars and a moulded breadth of 36.2 m. It has a V-shaped aft and U-shaped fore body with bulbous bows. It has a design draught of 13 m and a dredging freeboard draught of 14.6 m. Its deadweight (at 13.45 m draught) is 54,600 dwt and 60,000 dwt at 14.6 m draught. It is operated by a complement of 40. The accommodation block is located forward and topped by the wheelhouse.
The ship’s tanks can hold 3,500 m3 of heavy oil and 300 m3 of diesel oil. For stability, the water ballast system consists of 3,500 m3 tanks forward and 1,500 m3 aft.
DREDGER OPERATION
Vasco da Gama is capable of working at depths exceeding any other dredger. The dredging itself is carried out by twin 1,400 mm side suction pipes with wide drag heads. The suction pipes are raised and lowered using four gantries.
The dredger normally works at depths of 45 m to 60 m. When the pipes are inclined at an angle of 55°, the vessel is suited to depths of around 80 m but with the suction pipes inclined at an angle of 60° and extended, it is possible to increase the working depth to 125 m by the use of a 5,500 kW submerged dredging pump.
HOPPER CAPACITY
The Vasco da Gama's vast hopper has a capacity 33,000 m3. This results in the suction dredger transporting two to three times the load of many competing vessels each voyage. The dredging pump can fill the hopper in duration of just one hour.
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AFT
The pump room and the suction pipe facilities are located aft of the hopper. The dredge pumps consist of two KF/GIW/44 x 51 MHD110 units. The dual-function dredge pumps operate at either 4,500 kW to draw the spoil from the suction pipes to the hopper or 8,000 kW for self-discharge through jet spray/bow coupling. The pumps are driven from the forward end of the main engines via three-speed JahnelKestermann A2S13603S pump gearboxes.
DREDGER ENGINES
The power comes from two Man B&W 14V48160 engines with an output of 14,700 kW each at 500 rpm. When not used for suction operations, these can be directed at vessel propulsion. The aft end of the engines are linked to Jahne!- Kestermann A1S1520D propulsion gearboxes. These, in turn are connected to two aluminium-copper-nickel controllable pitch Lips propellers located in nozzles attached to the ship. The propellers are 5.5 m in diameter and are designed for a rotational speed of 15 rpm. The engines give the vessel a speed of a huge 16.5 km at a 1,300 m draught fully laden with her cargo of dredged material.
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GLOSSARY
Terms relating to dredging
General concepts |
Общие понятия, |
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относящиеся к дноуглубительным |
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applicable to dredgers |
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снарядам |
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Dredging: changing the |
Дноуглубление: изменение в интересах су- |
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dimensions of waterways in the |
доходства габаритов водных путей путем из- |
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interests of navigation by extract- |
влечения или перемещения грунта |
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ing or shifting the soil |
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Dredger: dredge: vessel intended |
Дноуглубительный снаряд; земснаряд: |
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for dredging |
судно или плавучее средство для производ- |
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ства дноуглубления |
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Dredging unit: dredger and its |
Дноуглубительный караван: дноуглуби- |
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vessels ensuring extraction, trans- |
тельный снаряд и обслуживающие его суда, |
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portation and disposal of soil |
обеспечивающие извлечение, транспортиро- |
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вание и сброс грунта |
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Dredging fleet: fleet of dredging |
Дноуглубительный флот: совокупность |
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units |
дноуглубительных караванов |
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Dredging apparatus: devices sys- |
Технологическое оборудование: комплекс |
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tem of a dredger for the accom- |
устройств и систем дноуглубительного снаря- |
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plishment of dredging |
да для выполнения дноуглубительных работ |
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Suction frame; bucket ladder: |
Рама грунтозаборного устройства: кон- |
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structure carrying the dredging |
струкция, несущая грунтозаборное устрой- |
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equipment of suction dredgers or |
ство землесосных или многочерпаковых |
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multibucket dredgers |
дноуглубительных снарядов |
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Hoist; ladder hoist: device for |
Рамоподъемное устройство: устройство для |
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changing the position of the suc- |
изменения положения рамы грунтозаборного |
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tion frame of ladder and fixing in a |
устройства и фиксации ее в заданном поло- |
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determined position |
жении |
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Gantry: rigid or pin joint structure |
Рамоподъемная башня: жесткая конструк- |
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for the suspension gear of the lad- |
ция для размещения элементов рамоподъем- |
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der or suction frame hoist |
ного устройства |
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General concepts |
Общие понятия, |
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относящиеся к дноуглубительным |
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applicable to dredgers |
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снарядам |
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Soil discharge installation: instal- |
Грунтоотводное устройство: устройство |
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lation for discharging the soil from |
для отвода извлеченного грунта |
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dredger |
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Spud installation: equipment |
Свайное устройство: устройство, включа- |
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comprising work spuds and mech- |
ющее рабочие сваи и механизмы для их пе- |
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anisms for their moving |
ремещения и фиксации |
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Swell compensator: device ensur- |
Устройство для работы на волнении: |
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ing a dredger’s operation to cope |
устройство, обеспечивающее работу дно- |
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with waves and uneven sea bed at |
углубительного снаряда при волнении водо- |
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the dredging site |
ёма на разрабатываемом участке |
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Self-propelled dredger: dredger |
Самоходный дноуглубительный снаряд: |
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having propelling devices to allow |
дноуглубительный снаряд, имеющий движи- |
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independent moving |
тели для самостоятельного передвижения |
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Non-self-propelled dredger: |
Несамоходный дноуглубительный снаряд: |
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dredger without propelling devices |
дноуглубительный снаряд без движителей |
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Dredger with limited propulsive |
Дноуглубительный снаряд с ограниченной |
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capabilities: non-self-propelled |
самоходностью: несамоходный дноуглуби- |
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dredger equipped with propellers |
тельный снаряд, имеющий движители для |
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for moving at the dredging site |
перемещения на разрабатываемом участке |
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Terms relating to types |
Термины, относящиеся к типам |
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of dredging depending |
дноуглубительных снарядов в зависимости |
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on methods of soil extraction |
от способа извлечения грунта |
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Suction dredger: dredger extract- |
Землесосный снаряд, землесос: дноуглуби- |
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ing the soil by use of a centrifugal |
тельный снаряд, извлекающий грунт с помо- |
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or axial flow dredge pump |
щью центробежного или осевого грунтового |
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насоса |
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Jet ejector dredger: dredger ex- |
Эжекторный снаряд: дноуглубительный |
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tracting the soil with a jet pump |
снаряд, извлекающий грунт с помощью |
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струйного насоса |
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Air-lift dredger: dredger extract- |
Эрлифтный снаряд: дноуглубительный |
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ing the soil with the aid of com- |
снаряд, извлекающий грунт с помощью сжа- |
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pressed air |
того воздуха |
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Terms relating to types |
Термины, относящиеся к типам |
of dredging depending |
дноуглубительных снарядов в зависимости |
on methods of soil extraction |
от способа извлечения грунта |
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Bucket dredger: dredger extract- |
Многочерпаковый снаряд: дноуглубитель- |
ing the soil with buckets forming a |
ный снаряд, извлекающий грунт черпаками, |
bucket chain |
образующими черпаковую сеть |
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Dipper dredger: dredger with |
Одночерпаковый штанговый снаряд с |
single bucket on an arm which |
прямой лопатой: дноуглубительный снаряд |
moves away from the vessel as the |
с одним черпаком на штанге, извлекающим |
bucket excavates the soil |
грунт при его движении от снаряда |
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Back-hoe dredger: dredger with |
Одночерпаковый штанговый снаряд с об- |
single bucket on an arm which |
ратной лопатой: дноуглубительный снаряд с |
moves towards the vessel as the |
одним черпаком на штанге, извлекающим |
bucket excavates the soil |
грунт при его движении к снаряду |
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Grab dredger: dredger excavat- |
Грейферный снаряд: дноуглубительный |
ing the soil with one or more grabs |
снаряд, извлекающий грунт одним или не- |
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сколькими грейферами |
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Rock cutter suction dredger: |
Фрезерно-землесосный снаряд для скаль- |
suction dredger with a special rock |
ных пород: землесосный снаряд со специ- |
cutter to dredge rocks and rock |
альной скальной фрезой, предназначенной |
fragments |
для разработки скальных пород |
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Rock-breaker: dredger or other |
Скалодробильный снаряд: судно, оборудо- |
unit fitted with equipment for |
ванное агрегатом для дробления скальной |
crushing and fragmenting rocks |
породы под водой в качестве подготовки к |
under water as a pretreatment for |
дноуглублению |
dredging |
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Rock-drilling vessel: vessel for |
Скалобурильный снаряд: судно или рлаву- |
drilling the soil under water and |
чее средство для бурения грунта под водой и |
for placing explosives if necessary |
для подготовки взрывных работ |
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Agitation dredger: vessel em- |
Размыватель дна: судно, предназначенное |
ployed to dredge by loosening the |
для производства дноуглубительных работ |
soil which is then washed away by |
путем рыхления грунта, который затем отво- |
the current in the basin |
дится с помощью течения в водоеме |
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Terms, relating to methods and |
Термины, относящиеся к способам |
equipment for removal of soil |
и средствам отвода грунта |
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Bed leveler: vessel employed to |
Разравниватель дна: судно, предназначен- |
level the bed at the dredging site |
ное для разравнивания дна на разрабатывае- |
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мом участке |
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Discharge pipeline: pipeline |
Грунтопровод: трубопровод, по которому |
through which the dredged mix- |
транспортируется гидросмесь |
ture is transported |
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Floating discharge pipeline: part |
Плавучий грунтопровод: часть грунтопро- |
of discharge pipeline which cross- |
вода, удерживаемая на поверхности воды |
es the water and is supported ei- |
собственной плавучестью или посредством |
ther by its own inbuilt buoyancy |
понтонов |
or by use of pontoons |
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Pipeline pontoon: device to sup- |
Грунтопроводный понтон: средство для |
port a Floating discharge pipeline |
поддержания плавучего грунтопровода |
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Submersible pipeline: part of the |
Подводный грунтопровод: часть напорного |
discharge pipeline which is not |
грунтопровода, находящаяся под поверхно- |
supported on the water surface |
стью воды |
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Diffuser: device placed on the end |
Грунтоотводный диффузор: устройство, |
of a discharged pipeline to reduce |
помещенное на конце напорного грунтопро- |
the velocity of discharged material |
вода для снижения скорости гидросмеси в |
at the disposal site |
месте сброса |
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Discharge nozzle: tapered nozzle |
Распределительная насадка, сопло: сужа- |
located at the end of the delivery |
ющийся конический патрубок, расположен- |
pipeline |
ный на конце напорного грунтопровода |
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Hopper barge: vessel for the |
Грунтоотвозная шаланда: судно для транс- |
transportation of the soil extracted |
портировки грунта, извлеченного при дно- |
by dredging |
углублении |
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Chute: guide tray for the disposal |
Гунтоотводный лоток: лоток для отвода |
of the soil by gravity |
грунта самотеком |
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Hopper dredger: self-propelled |
Самоотвозный дноуглубительный снаряд: |
dredger carrying the soil in the |
самоходный дноуглубительный снаряд, |
hopper(s) to the place of disposal |
транспортирующий грунт в грунтовом трюме |
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(трюмах) к месту сброса |
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