Color and Design. Tutorial

5.What are the main design functions at the stage of industrial machine production?

6.When was Russian design school developed and formed?

7.What are the main educational schools of design?

8. What are the basic principles of world design education in the twentieth century?

9.What art direction characterizes modern design? LECTURE VOCABULARY LIST

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•aesthetic requirements;

•economic requirements.

The functionality of clothing is determined by its suitability for purpose. When designing a new model, designers ask two questions:

1.What is a product intended for?

2.What conditions will a product be used?

According to these questions, the size of the product and its individual elements (sleeves, bodice, etc.) are created, which will best ensure the convenience of various movements associated with a certain nature of human actions.

Functional requirements are divided into:

•ergonomic requirements;

•hygienic requirements;

•operational requirements.

Ergonomic requirements characterize the correspondence of individual elements of clothing to their size, shape and spatial organization of the human figure and the nature of his actions.

Hygienic requirements relate to the creation of comfortable conditions for human life such as protection from environmental influences; breathability, providing ventilation of the body; the ability to maintain a certain temperature; etc.

Hygienic requirements are ensured primarily by proper materials that meet the specific operating conditions of clothing and fur products.

The second important factor for the hygienic quality of the product is the correct distribution of clothing sizes, i.e. the spatial organization of the form.

Operational requirements ensure the comfort and reliability of clothing in wear, i.e. strength of materials, durability of the product without deformation and wear, distribution of volumes and articulation of clothes, convenient location of pockets and fasteners, ease of cleaning clothes.

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Functional requirements do not provide a high assessment of the quality of modern clothing. Aesthetic requirements are also important. They take into account the compositional expressiveness of the product, the tectonicity of the form, the use of decoration and the general artistic design of clothing, its compliance with the main directions of modern fashion according to the silhouette, design, plasticity, color, etc.

Economic requirements are very important part for household clothing. Typically, they determine the possibility of creating a particular product in industrial production.

A product that meets functional and aesthetic requirements may have a sufficiently high price to ensure the expediency of its production. However, the price must be affordable to a large number of buyers.

Designers creating modern clothes should remember that only providing a full range of consumer requirements allows them to make a product of high quality.

Modern designers and clothing manufacturers use the newest materials and the most advanced technologies. As a result, clothing turns into a high-tech item, where a perfect function comes to the fore.

However, no matter how functional fashion is, no matter what rational methods a designer is guided by, he always remains an inventor and artist, whose work is entirely devoted to people.

Color and image

Color can affect people's image. There are colors that “improve complexion”, “smooth wrinkles”, “remove bags under the eyes”, “make people younger” and “rouge cheeks”. As you understand, these colors have no a healing effect on the skin of the face. These colors can create only the imagination of such a transformation.

There are colors, which have a completely different effect on people’s image.

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Image-makers consult their clients to use appropriate colors and draw up a special client's color palette. It can include either warm shades of colors, or cold ones. According to the degree of saturation, the palette can include either bright colors, or pale and pastel ones. Image-makers offer people to choose clothes only in suitable colors.

The advantage of such a color selection is that the colors create a visual effect of facial rejuvenation: swelling is tightened, pimples become less noticeable, etc. These colors can make the face fresh and ruddy, eyes– shiny, lips–appetizing.

However, colors can play not only an aesthetic role in clothing. Any color is a light wave, acting on the human body. It can affect the emotional state and mood of a person. Color can even cure diseases. Color therapy is based on this principle.

Color scheme of a person can contain only cold colors or only warm ones. This scheme can lead to a great imbalance in energy. When a person chooses a color intuitively, he is guided by an internal need (even if he does it unconsciously) to harmonize himself in color. He can add those light colors that he lacks and neutralize the influence of those ones that he has in excess.

If the colors offered to you match those that balance you, then you are lucky. Otherwise, the colors that make you more beautiful will bring an imbalance into your internal state with the same degree of intensity.

Colors of the same saturation may be present in the color palette of a person. Therefore, a person can have only bright colors or only pale ones. Color saturation affects the emotional state of a person. For example, bright colors invigorate and increase the person’s tone. Pastel colors soothe and soothe it. If you constantly wear only bright or exclusively pastelcolored clothes, the emotional state becomes unbalanced gradually, which leads to depressive tendencies in mood. Moreover, it does not matter what colors are present in your palette.

Most people, switching to colors from the color palette proposed to them, noted a clear deterioration in their internal emotional state.

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Those who were offered pastel shades said that their life had become somehow dull with the dominance of an internal state of lack of tone. As soon as these people switched to brighter colors in their clothes, they felt themselves better. Those who were offered bright colors by an imagemaker felt emotional burnout only because they constantly wore such clothes. When they switched to calmer tones, their internal state stabilized.

Therefore, you should know the colors, which suit you. At the same time, you should choose the everyday clothes by the intuition. The intuition will tell you better than any image-maker, what color to choose today.

You may get more compliments when you in clothes of the wrong colors because the appearance is more influenced by your inner harmony and excellent mood.

Color of food products

No doubts that the products included in the diet have a certain effect on human health. People know which food can help to lose weight, calm down, etc. Let us use the examples of some products.

Salt is capable of not only harming our health, but also bringing benefits to it. There are many useful properties of this product. People should not completely exclude it from their life. Wet salt can be used as compresses to relieve puffiness, including under the eyes. If an insect has bitten you, it is enough to moisten the bite site and sprinkle it with salt. To relieve swelling of the legs and help your body with impaired thyroid function, it is useful to take salt baths, and inhalation of saline solution will bring relief from phlegm in the throat and respiratory diseases. If you gargle with saline, your breath will become fresh.

Walnuts are often used to calm down. People roll a few of nuts in the palm of their hand. Our fingertips have a huge number of nerve endings, which are directly connected with the brain. Nuts provide a rush

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of blood to these limbs. We favor the restoration of psycho-emotional stability and maintain physical health. Rolling walnuts in the palm of our hands helps us to calm down and subsequently prevents the development of overwork in the brain centers.

Eggs will come to the aid of those women who simply dream of losing weight. In this case, nutritionists suggest that they eat a couple of boiled eggs for breakfast, which will allow them not to feel hungry for a long time, and at the same time, the eggs will also fill the body with the necessary energy. It has been scientifically proven that those people who eat eggs in the morning, may lose more weight than others who do not ear eggs in the morning. Moreover, since eggs can cause a longer feeling of fullness, it is possible to consume a smaller amount of other food during the day. The fact of prolonged saturation has not been explained yet. People think that it can be explained by the high protein content of eggs. The effect of eating eggs persists throughout the day.

Colors can affect the human health as food products. Let us consider the color of the products and figure out how these colors affect human health.

White products (dairy, rice, garlic, cauliflowers) can calm, reduce irritability, and remove toxins from the body.

Dark products (plums, dark grapes, purple-skinned potatoes) can protect not only our circulatory system, but also strengthen our eyesight.

Green products (leafy salads, green peas, broccoli) can nourish the brain, increase activity, relieve stress and activate the immune system.

Red products (beets, tomatoes, bell peppers, strawberries) can have a stimulating effect on the metabolic processes occurring in the body. They improve blood circulation and increase efficiency of a human organism.

Orange products (persimmons, peaches, apricots, oranges, carrots, pumpkins) can promote the restoration of nerve cells, renewal of muscle tissues. They increase sexuality, have a tonic effect on the genitourinary system, improve mood, reduce fatigue and apathy, and relieve headaches.

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Yellow products (lemons, pineapples, bananas, apples, egg yolks and cheeses) can stimulate digestion, improve appetite, purify the blood and supply the body with energy.

Colors have their own radiation. Each color has its own wavelength, capable of carrying its own information, affecting various human organs in different ways. Therefore, people can use a color to treat a particular organ.

Colors affect not only physical, but psychological health.

It is generally known, that green color is good for the eyes. It can calm the nervous system.

Orange color has a positive effect on blood vessels. It improves

mood.

Colors are widely used in medicine. Special rooms are painted in certain colors, and doctors recommend patients to visit a room depending on their disease.

At home, it is difficult to prepare such rooms. People can do

the paper should be at least 20 by 40 cm. Sit at a distance of 1–1.5 m from a piece of paper and look at it for 10-15 minutes. This time is quite enough for the eye to fix the color and transmit a signal to the brain. The signal will go to the central nervous system, and then to the organ you want to treat.

2.There is a simpler way to use color for the meditation. Sit down, close your eyes and try to imagine that the room you are in has turned into the color that you need for treatment. If it is difficult to immediately remember the color, first find it among the surrounding objects, fix it, and then close your eyes and start meditation. If this is difficult, you can imagine objects whose color you are quite accustomed to. For example, blue

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sea, blue sky, green grass, orange sun, or orange, red poppies, etc. Healing meditation should last from 10 to 20 minutes.

3.Buy colored lamps in the store, screw the lamp of the desired color into a light source (for example, a table lamp), and do not turn on other light sources. You may sit in the room for 2–3 hours.

Red color

Red color may affect heart, arteries, veins (blood), liver, kidneys, and rectum.

If you use red color during your healing meditation, you may:

•stimulate the circulatory organs;

•increase the content of hemoglobin in the blood and thus prevents the occurrence of anemia;

•increase immunity;

•eliminate congestion;

•contribute to the release of heat;

•regulate the activity of the liver and kidneys;

•promote muscle relaxation;

•regulate menstrual periods;

•stimulate sexual activity.

Orange color

Orange color may affect spleen, pancreas, small intestine, respiratory organs, and blood vessels.

During healing meditation orange color:

•has a great effect on the viability of the body;

•supplies energy to the spleen and pancreas;

•promotes the cleansing of blood vessels;

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•increases appetite and muscle strength;

•stimulates the activity of the sex glands;

•rejuvenates;

•improves mood, relieves depression.

Yellow color

Yellow color may affect such human’s organs as nervous brain, lymphatic system, gallbladder, stomach, and duodenum.

During healing meditation yellow color:

•stimulates intellectual abilities;

•has a cleansing effect on the digestive organs, liver, and skin;

•promotes the secretion of bile;

•activates the autonomic nervous system.

Green color

Green color may affect such organs as nerves, eyes, bronchi, muscles, bones, tendons, enzymes, and hormones.

During healing meditation green color:

•has a refreshing and soothing effect on the body;

•exhibits antiseptic and antimicrobial properties;

•strengthens muscles and tissues;

•has a stimulating effect on the pituitary gland;

•has a beneficial effect on the eyes;

•relieves bronchospasm;

•is an excellent sedative for chronic diseases.

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