Career skills. Учебное пособие

2.How have you profited from volunteering to do more than your share and looking for opportunities to learn?

3.Have you ever known people who lost their jobs? How were their lives affected? Were they at fault?

4.Do you believe it is important to re-evaluate your goals periodically? How can you benefit from doing so?

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GLOSSARY

academic achievement tests: measurements of your skills in various areas, such as reading, math, science, or ideas.

alternatives: possible choices in a decision-making situation.

application form: a formal report of personal information, work experience, and education, completed by a job seeker.

apprentice: someone who learns on the job. aptitude: ability to learn skills; potential.

attitude: outlook on life, usually negative or positive. The way you think and feel about issues.

balance: the amount of money in an account, such as a checking account. body language: a kind of nonverbal behavior in which body movements and

posture convey information to others.

booms: periods of time in our economic system during which people have money to spend and production and services are high.

budget: a plan of how you will spend your income; a spending plan. capitalism: a name for our country's type of economic system, which allows

people to make their own economic decisions and encourages competition; free enterprise.

communicate: to relay information to others by any means.

compromise: a method of resolving differences and reaching agreements in which both parties give up something.

computerized guidance programs: information about the job world available

through computers.

constructive criticism: an attempt to improve a bad situation; advice and

suggestions for improvement.

cooperative education programs: arrangements between employers and schools that give students opportunities to learn through work experience.

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cost-of-living increase: a raise in pay to offset an increase in the cost of living; usually a percent of an employee's salary or wages.

decision: the process of choosing between two or more possible alternatives; choices; selections.

deductions: amounts of money taken from an employee's gross pay for taxes, insurance, social security, and other benefits.

fired: forced to leave a job permanently at the employer's request, usually because the employee is at fault.

free enterprise system: our country's economic system; a system that allows individuals to make their own economic decisions and encourages individuals and businesses to produce and sell goods and services at a profit; capitalism.

full time: permanent, complete employment, usually 40 hours each week, Monday through Friday.

G.E.D. certificate: General Educational Development certificate, equal to a high school diploma. Earned by passing tests in writing, reading, science, social science, and math.

giving notice: formally notifying an employer of an intention to leave a job. goals: objectives or targets at which a person directs his or her energy and

activity.

goods: products that are sold.

gross pay: the total amount of an employee's earnings from which taxes and other deductions are taken.

identity: how a person sees himself or herself; how others see a person. income: all money received by a person; total of all wages, salary, interest,

commissions, bonuses, and other earnings.

income taxes: the part of their earnings that people must legally give to the government to pay for government services

inflation: a rise in prices due to increased production costs and a great demand for few goods and services. See deflation.

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initiative: the quality of being a self-starter; doing what needs to be done before being asked.

interest inventory: a questionnaire that indicates a person's preferred activities or interests.

interests: subjects a person enjoys doing or thinking about.

interview: a get-acquainted meeting between a job seeker and an employer to help both parties make a decision about a job opening.

job: a kind of work, such as selling cars.

labor union: a group of workers who join together to improve working conditions or pay.

laid off: the condition of losing a job through no fault of the employee; usually temporary due to economic conditions.

letter of resignation: an employee's written notice to an employer that tells the employer that the employee plans to leave the job.

merit increase: an increase in pay given by employers to recognize an employee's value to the company.

negative attitude: a general outlook on life that is doubtful, suspicious, and

gloomy.

net pay: the amount of a paycheck; the total amount left after deductions; gross pay minus deductions.

networking: joining with others to exchange information not readily available. nonverbal behavior: personal actions or mannerisms that relay ideas to others

without the use of words.

objectively: manner of evaluating a problem or situation that does not involve

emotions.

outcomes: products or results of an action or decision.

overtime: time worked in addition to the amount normally scheduled; usually time over 40 hours.

part-time job: employment amounting to less than the usual 40 hours a week or five days a week.

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personality: the outward signs of a person's inner self; the unique combination of values, interests, skills, and behaviors that make up an individual.

personnel department: a group of people within a company who handle employee matters, such as hiring and company benefits.

piecework: a method of payment for work according to the number of pieces

completed.

positive attitude: a way of looking at the world with trust and cheerfulness;

hopeful.

probationary period: time immediately following the start of a new job;

training period.

procrastinator: a person who delays or puts off decisions or activities. profits: money left over after all bills are paid; income minus expenses. promotion: an award that means moving to a job of greater importance,

usually as a result of a job well done; increased responsibility. pronunciation: a way of saying words.

references: persons who will speak well of a job seeker's qualifications to a possible employer.

salary: payment for work over a certain period of time, regardless of hours

worked.

services: acts of assisting or aiding someone; in an economic system people buy goods or services.

severance pay: a cash amount of money paid by the employer to make up for the employee's losing his or her job.

skill: the ability to perform a certain activity.

social security: a federal fund to which workers and employers contribute that pays benefits to retired and disabled workers.

stress: pressure; physical, mental, or emotional strain.

strike: a work stoppage enforced by a labor union when the union cannot reach an agreement with the company.

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supply and demand: two economic factors involving goods, services, and consumers that together often determine prices.

technology: use of ideas, processes, tools, and materials to get things done. temporary job: a full-time or part-time job that is expected to last a certain

length of time; not permanent.

unemployment compensation: money paid to an eligible unemployed worker from a fund paid into by employers and regulated by the state.

volunteer: a person who works without pay.

wages: payment for work, usually figured by the hour.

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