Словообразование в английском языке. Практическое пособие

4.The answer was ______, which is why she lost two points. (correct)

5.The athletes were told that if they broke the rules of the race, they would be ______. (qualified)

6.Tom’s ______ remark upset Jane. (sensitive)

7.The operator told me that the number I was calling had been ______

(connected)

8.It is ______ to use animals for testing cosmetics. (humane)

9.The information I was given was ______, which is why I wrote to the wrong company. (leading)

Tips

Adjectives ending in -ful show that the person/thing being described has or display that quality.

e.g. a painful injury(indicates pain)

Adjectives ending in -less show that the person/thing being described does not have or display that quality.

e.g. a tasteless meal(not tasty)

15. Fill in the correct form of the words in brackets:

1.Smoking is ______ (harm) to one’s health.

2.I thought it would hurt when the doctor gave me the injection but it was actually quite ______ (pain).

3.Ted is a very ______ (care) driver; he has caused many accidents.

4.Sarah’s just returned from a (rest) holiday in Florida; she spent her days relaxing at the beach.

5.Don’t be afraid of our dog — he’s ______ (harm)

6.The woman was very ______ (help); when I asked her for directions, she told me exactly how to get there.

7.It is ______ (doubt) that he’ll pass the exam as he hasn’t revised at

all.

8.The ______ (care) secretary typed all the letters without making any mistakes.

9.Jamie is a ______ (thought) person who always remembers my birthday.

10.Her ______ (thought) remarks hurt my feelings.

Tips

Some common adjectives end in -y. e.g. grass-grassy, rockrocky, etc.

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Most adverbs are formed by adding -ly to adjectives clearclearly, franticfrantically, etc.

Present participles e.g. boring and past participles e.g. bored can be used as adjectives.

Present participles describe what or how somebody or something is and past participles describe how people feel.

16. Complete the following text with the correct derivative of the word in bold. The first one has been done as an example:

The evening before, Joyce had argued (0) terribly (terrible) with her children as she had arrived home to find the house extremely (1) ______

(tidy). Now, with a clearer head, she was feeling (2) ______ (guilt) about it and was trying to think of ways to make it up to them. She decided to cook a lovely meal as a special treat. When she arrived home, she found it

(3) ______ (mess) as usual, but didn’t say anything and went upstairs to change. When she came back down half an hour later, she stopped in (4) (belief). The living room was (5) ______ (surprise) tidy and the kitchen

(6) ______ (spotless) clean. «What do you think?» she heard from behind her, and turned to see her husband and children looking at her with (7)

______ (beam) smiles on their faces. «We thought you’d be (8) ______

(please) to see that!» they said. «Why don’t we all go out to dinner?» her husband suggested (9) ______ (enthusiastic). She looked at them (10)

______ (loving) and they all set out!

Tips

Some verbs/nouns form their adjectives with the ending -able or -ible.

e.g. present — presentable, divide — divisible

17. Fill in the gaps with the correct adjective from the word in brackets:

1.The shopping centre is easily _________ (access) by motorway.

2.I didn’t like the film because the end was so _________ (predict); I knew the girl would be rescued!

3.The party was quite _________ (enjoy) and I met a lot of interesting people.

4.Marsha bought a _________ (reverse) coat which is red on one side and black on the other.

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5.Ralph is an _________ (adapt) person, so he quickly got used to living in a foreign country.

6.The sofa is _________ (convert); it opens up into a bed.

7.The teacher said that the naughty student’s behaviour was not

_________ (accept).

18. Fill in the correct word derived from the words in bold. The first one has been done as an example:

St Patrick’s Day

March 17th is the day of the (0) celebration (celebrate) of St Patrick. St Patrick is the patron saint of Ireland, and the occasion is celebrated (1)

_________ (enthusiastic) by Irish people all over the world.

In American cities with a large Irish (2) _________ (populate), the day begins with a parade through the city centre. The most (3) _________

(spectacle) sight is the colour green, as it is the (4) _________ (nation) colour of Ireland. Bands play (5) _________ (tradition) Irish songs, and people stream into restaurants afterwards where they eat corned beef sandwiches and drink Irish stouts and ales.

The main (6) _________ (decorate) of St Patrick’s Day is the shamrock, which is also the national symbol of Ireland. It was made (7)

_________ (fame) by St Patrick when he used its three leaves as a (8)

_________ (represent) of the Holy Trinity.

St Patrick is known for bringing Christianity to Ireland, and March 17th gives the Irish an (9) _________ (opportune) to display their (10)

_________ (proud) in their country.

19. Complete the following text with the correct derivatives of the words in bold. The first one has been done as an example:

Britain’s railway network has (0) recently (recent) been experiencing a new kind of problem. It is neither technical nor (1) _________ (mechanic) but could, nevertheless immediate (3) _________ (attend). It appears that rabbits have been digging their holes underneath railway tracks, which (4)

_________ (fortunate) means that the tracks are at risk of collapsing. The

(5) _________ (soft) of the earth under the tracks makes it a (6) (suit) place for rabbits to dig their holes. However, the railbed becomes (7)

_________ (stable) when it is undermined by holes, (8) _________ (special) in heavy rain. Numerous areas have already experienced problems, causing delays to rail services. The number of rabbits in Britain has increased over the past forty years because of their (9) _________ (resist) to

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myxomatosis, the disease responsible for thousands of deaths in the 1950’s. Rabbits are now considered to be (10) _________ (destroy) nuisances, instead of the cuddly, friendly animals everyone would like to think they are.

20. Complete the following text with the correct derivatives of the words in bold. The first one has been done as an example:

The island of Madagascar was in a state of total (0) devastation (devastate) yesterday after Hurricane Geralda wrecked millions of dollars worth of land and property over a two-day period.

The island was lashed by (1) _________ (torrent) rain and winds of up to 350 kilometers per hour (220 miles per hour). Seventy people were killed and 500,000 were left (2) _________ (home). In the city of Toamasina alone, 80,000 people lost their homes.

The main (3) _________ (commerce) port of the island was almost destroyed and 70 per cent of the island’s farmland was completely (4)

_________ (flood).There were (5) _________ (heartbreak) scenes as people returned to the (6) _________ (flatten) ruins that were once their homes.

Hurricanes gather speed and strength over water, and Geralda traveled over a large area of water before it hit the island of Madagascar. This is part of the reason why the storm struck so (7) _________ (severe).

Experts say that earlier (8) _________ (warn) would not have prevented the damage, but steps are now being taken to reinforce many of the

(9)_________ (damage) areas in order to be better prepared should such a

(10)_________ (power) storm hit again.

21. Complete the following text with the correct derivatives of the words in bold. The first one has been done as an example:

Maria Montessori

Maria Montessori is not (0) primarily (primary) remembered for being Italy’s first woman to graduate in medicine, although this was the first of her many significant (1) _________ (accomplish). Montessori went on to become one of the leading (2) _________ (educate) of the twentieth century. She worked with (3) _________ (mental) disabled children at the beginning of the century, and in 1907 opened her first school for children of «normal» (4) _________ (intelligent). What made her approach unique

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was her (5) _________ (believe) that children learn more if their (6)

_________ (create) talents are encouraged to develop. Individual, rather than cooperative, learning was stressed. Montessori used (7) _________

(interest) objects to capture the (8) _________ (attend) of her pupils. They were allowed to work on their own, exploring and discovering new ideas at their own pace. (9) _________ (surprise), Montessori’s schoolchildren did not become (10) _________ (bore) very easily, and undisciplined children became much better behaved. Today, there are schools all over the world which bear Maria Montessori’s name and use her methods.

22. Fill in the correct form of the words in brackets:

1.Jenny cares about her _________ and is always very smartly dressed. (appear)

2.His last employer gave him such a good _________ that he had no trouble finding another job. (refer)

3.Tickets for the last _________ of the play were completely sold out.(perform)

4.I don’t have much _________ in Paul; he seems to be rather irresponsible.(confide)

5.Your son’s _________ record at school is very goodhe’s only missed three days this year. (attend)

6.He showed great _________ during the long race.(endure)

7.He was put in prison for tax _________. (avoid)

8.The pilot got _________ from the control tower for take-off. (clear)

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В. Нижеприведенные суффиксы употребляются для образования существительных, обозначающих деятельность, процесс, состояние или условие. Ознакомьтесь со списком существительных, образованных при помощи соответствующих суффиксов. В средней колонке таблицы напишите существительные, глаголы или прилагательные, от которых они образованы. Первое слово приводится в качестве примера.

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Г. Прочтите небольшой рассказ. Впишите производные существительные от слов, данных в таблице приведенной в конце текста. Первое слово приведено в качестве примера.

Whilst at college, I remember listening to a lecture given by a rather pompous (1) who was discussing the values of strong (2) in politics. Firstly he presented his (3) of (4), then continued by arguing that (5) by a political leader was a positive attribute as resolute decisions could be made but that the basic (6) in society could still be maintained. He felt strongly that schools did not provide the kind of (7) needed for the development of good leadership qualities which should be instilled from earfy (8). He felt also that modern society encouraged qualities such as (9) and (10) and gave no positive (11) to the young. However, when an earnest young student explained that he would like to become a (12) or a (13) in industry, and asked about courses to follow, the politician said, with a curt (14), «That's a silly question to ask me! I am a politician, not a careers adviser!»

2.Образование глаголов

A.-en, -ify и -ize употребляются для образования глаголов от существительных и прилагательных. Ознакомьтесь со списком прилагательных и глаголов. Впишите соответствующий глагол в свободные строки таблицы. Первое слово дано в качестве примера.

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Б. Теперь ознакомьтесь со следующими предложениями. Допишите их, вставляя правильные формы соответствующего глагола из таблицы в задании А. Первое слово дано в качестве примера.

water for fifteen minutes.

3. Образование прилагательных

А. Для образования прилагательных от глаголов употребляются следующие суффиксы:

-able, -ible, -ed, -ful, -ive, -ing.

Ознакомьтесь с глаголами, выделенными в таблице жирным шрифтом, и впишите соответствующее прилагательное в первую колонку. Первая строка приведена в качестве примера.

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Б. Для образования новых прилагательных от существительных и прилагательных употребляются следующие суффиксы:

-able, -al, -ary, -ful, -ic, -ish, -ive, -like, -ly, -ous, -y.

Ознакомьтесь с существительными и прилагательными, выделенными в таблице жирным шрифтом, и впишите соответствующие прилагательные в предложения первой колонки. Первая строка приведена в качестве примера.

Достаточно большое количество префиксов употребляется для образования форм с отрицательным или противоположным значением. Ниже приводятся некоторые из наиболее употребляемых префиксов с данным значением.

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