Всемирное культурное наследие. Учебное пособие
.pdf4. #D98CB?4749@B9 C9D6BA4K4?PAB9 A4;A4K9A<9: CDB9>FAO= K9DF9:, 64D<4AF,
>BC<S, H<>E4J<BAAO= K9DF9:, CDB9>F <?< H<>E4J<S C9D989?B> ;84A<S, 8B>G@9AF4?PAB FBKAB9 <;B5D4:9A<9 <?< 6B?PA4S C9D984K4 6C9K4F?9A<= IG8B:A<>4 < F. C.
$4ECB?474S <>BAB7D4H<K9E><9 @4F9D<4?O 6 IDBAB?B7<K9E>B@ CBDS8>9, 7DGCC<DGS <I CB CD<;A4>G 8B>G@9AF4?PAB= FBKABEF< B5?<>4, EB;84RF 4?P5B@O-
CB85BD><, CB;6B?SRM<9 ;D<F9?PAB CDBE?98<FP 6<8B<;@9A9A<S B5N9>F4 6B 6D9- @9A<, 6OS6<FP C9D<B8O, FD95GRM<9 8BCB?A<F9?PAOI CB<E>B6 8?S CB?ABFO B5M9= >4DF<AO. #B ;4>4;G A4GKAB7B EBFDG8A<>4 < 4DI<F9>FBD4-D9EF46D4FBD4 89-
?4RF C9D9EN9@>G 6E9I <;B5D4:9A<=, CD<K9@ 8?S 84?PA9=L<I C?4AB@9DAOI <E- E?98B64A<= CDB<;6B8<FES A4>BC?9A<9 A974F<6B6. *9?O= DS8 <;B5D4:9A<= 6O89- ?S9FES 6 BEB5GR 7DGCCG (9E?< BA< 6OCB?A9AO 6 J69F9), E >BFBDB= CB@<@B HBFB7D4H<K9E><I C9D9EN9@B> 6989FES >BC<DB64A<9 6 ID4A<?<M4I < K4EFAOI EB5D4- A<SI, EB E>DGCG?9;AB-FBKAB= C9D984K9= <I EB89D:4A<S < @4A9DO <ECB?A9A<S.
4> CD46<?B, CD< C?4AB@9DAB@ C9D9E@BFD9 <;B5D4:9A<= A4IB8SFES AB6O9, D4A99 A9<;69EFAO9 <?< ID4A<6L<9ES 6 4DI<64I E A9CD46<?PAB= 4AABF4J<9=, AB 59;- GE?B6AB <?< CD98CB?B:<F9?PAB BFABESM<9ES > <AF9D9EGRM9@G A4E C4@SFA<>G.E?GK49, 9E?< 6 ;484KG CD98EFBSM9= D9EF46D4J<< 6IB8<F 6BECB?A9A<9 < 6BEEB- ;84A<9 GFD4F, FD95GRM<I CD<@9A9A<S @9FB84 4A4?B7<=, CB85<D4RFES <;B5D4:9- A<S C4@SFA<>B6, CBEFDB9AAOI F9@ :9 46FBDB@ < 5?<;><I 9@G CB L>B?9, 6D9@9A< < EF<?<EF<K9E><@ BEB59AABEFS@.
GKL<= @9FB8 CB86989A<S <FB7B6 CD9864D<F9?PAB7B E5BD4 <>BAB7D4H<K9- E><I @4F9D<4?B6 – BHBD@?9A<9 6 6<89 CB85BD>< F45?<J E AG@9D4J<9= <;B5D4:9- A<=, 4AABF4J<S@< A4 ?<J96B= EFBDBA9 C4EC4DFG < >D4F>B= B5M9= I4D4>F9D<EF<- >B= EB5D4AAB7B @4F9D<4?4 6 6<89 CBSEA<F9?PAB= ;4C<E><. #9D9C?9FAO9 4?P5B@O, L<DB>B D4ECDBEFD4A9AAO9 6 CD4>F<>9 D45BFO A9BCOFAOI D9EF46D4FBDB6, ?<L4RF 6B;@B:ABEF< ;D<F9?PAB7B EBCBEF46?9A<S < 4A4?<;4 <;B5D4:9A<=, A9B5IB8<@OI CD< 84?PA9=L9@ <;GK9A<<, C9D9EF4AB6>4I 6 E6S;< E GFBKA9A<9@ 84F<DB6B>.
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
31
D45BFO, 45EB?RFAB ;4>BAB@9DAB, F4> >4> A4L< ;A4A<S BFABE<F9?PAO < 8?S CB?- AB7B D4E>DOF<S B5N9>F<6AB=, 8B>G@9AF4?PAB B5BEAB64AAB= <EFBD<< C4@SFA<>4 A9B5IB8<@B CDB=F< 69EP @9FB8<K9E><= J<>? <EE?98B64A<=. ECD46>9 B5S;4- F9?PAB 8B?:AO CD<?474FPES: 6OC<E><-EBCBEF46?9A<S <; ?<F9D4FGDAOI <EFBKA<>B6,
6OC<E>< <; 4DI<6AOI 8B>G@9AFB6, E<EF9@4F<;<DB64AA4S CB85BD>4 <>BAB7D4H<K9- E><I @4F9D<4?B6 E 4AABF4J<S@<.
КBAFDB?PAO9 6BCDBEO
1.4> EBEF46?SRFES < E<EF9@4F<;<DGRFES EC<E>< 84AAOI CB C4@SFA<>4@ <EFBD<< < >G?PFGDO, A4=89AAO9 6 4DI<64I?
2.+FB 6>?RK4RF <>BAB7D4H<K9E><9 <EE?98B64A<S C4@SFA<>B6?
3. 4> EBEF46?S9FES D45BK4S <EFBD<K9E>4S ;4C<E>4?
4. 4><9 E6989A<S A9B5IB8<@O 6 E?GK4SI, >B784 C9D98 D9EF46D4FBDB@ EF4-
6<FES ;484K4 CB?AB7B <?< K4EF<KAB7B 6BEEB;84A<S GFD4F 89>BD4F<6AOI Q?9- @9AFB6?
9>B@9A8G9@4O GG95A4O ?<F9D4FGD4
1. BDB8>B6, . . DI<F9>FGD4, CDB9>F<DB64A<9 < BD74A<;4J<S >G?PFGDAOI ?4A8L4HFB6 [1?9>FDBAAO= D9EGDE]: GK95. CBEB5<9 / . . BDB8>B6. – 1?9>- FDBA. F9>EFB6O9 84AAO9. – %#5.: #DBEC9>F !4G><, 2013. – 416 c. – $9:<@ 8BEFGC4:
http://www.iprbookshop.ru/35887. – 1 % «IPRbooks».
2.G?PFGDAB9 A4E?98<9 B?7B7D48E>B= B5?4EF< [1?9>FDBAAO= D9EGDE]: GK95. CBEB5<9 / ". . 4?>B64 [< 8D.]. – 1?9>FDBA. F9>EFB6O9 84AAO9. – B?7B7D48:B?7B7D48E><= 7BEG84DEF69AAO= EBJ<4?PAB-C9847B7<K9E><= GA<69DE<F9F, «#9- D9@9A4», 2014. – 220 c. – $9:<@ 8BEFGC4: http://www.iprbookshop.ru/40761. – 1 % «IPRbooks».
3.B5:4A<8;9, . . 1FAB>G?PFGDAO9 D97<BAO @<D4 [1?9>FDBAAO= D9EGDE]:
GK95. CBEB5<9 / . . B5:4A<8;9, . . 4SJ. – 1?9>FDBA. F9>EFB6O9 84AAO9. – .: #DB@9F9=, 2013. – 240 c. – $9:<@ 8BEFGC4: http://www.iprbookshop.ru/18640. – 1 %
«IPRbooks».
4.G;996989A<9 < <EFBD<>B->G?PFGDAB9 A4E?98<9 [1?9>FDBAAO= D9EGDE]:
E5. EF4F9=. OC. IV / . . G?9@;<A [< 8D.]. – 1?9>FDBA. F9>EFB6O9 84AAO9. –9@9DB6B: 9@9DB6E><= 7BEG84DEF69AAO= GA<69DE<F9F >G?PFGDO < <E>GEEF6,
2012. – 162 c. – $9:<@ 8BEFGC4: http://www.iprbookshop.ru/22033. – 1 %
«IPRbooks».
5.$9>BAEFDG>J<S < D9EF46D4J<S C4@SFA<>B6 <EFBD<< < >G?PFGDO [1?9>- FDBAAO= D9EGDE]: E5. ABD@4F<6AOI 4>FB6 < 8B>G@9AFB6 [1?9>FDBA. F9>EFB6O9 84AAO9]. – %4D4FB6: = #< 1D 98<4, 2015 – 264 c. – $9:<@ 8BEFGC4:
http://www.iprbookshop.ru/30266. – 1 % «IPRbooks».
32
&9<4 8. =8CAB@84;L=>9 =4A;9889
EFBD<K9E><9 CDB@OL?9AAO9 B5N9>FO < <I F9DD<FBD<S – A9BFN9@?9@4S K4EFP 7BDB8E>B= ED98O. #DB@OL?9AA4S 4DI<F9>FGD4 6B @AB7B@ HBD@<DG9F E6B9B5D4;AO9 K9DFO @AB7<I <EFBD<K9E><I CDB@OL?9AAOI 7BDB8B6, <I J9AFDB6 < B5- L<DAOI D4=BAB6, AB A4 E97B8ASLA<= 89AP 5B?PL<AEF6B CDB@OL?9AAOI B5N9>- FB6 <A8GEFD<4?PAB7B A4E?98<S <;B?<DB64AO BF 7BDB8E>B= ED98O. A4EFBSM99 6D9@S @AB7<9 <EFBD<K9E><9 CDB@OL?9AAO9 CD98CD<SF<S GF9DS?< E6BR C9D6BA4K4?PAGR HGA>J<R. I F9DD<FBD<S D4EE@4FD<649FES >4> CBF9AJ<4?PAO= D9;9D6 8?S 84?PA9=L97B D4;6<F<S 7BDB8E>B7B CDBEFD4AEF64 CGFё@ 484CF4J<< CDB@OL- ?9AAOI B5N9>FB6 > AB6B= HGA>J<<. OS6?9A<9 4DI<F9>FGDAOI BEB59AABEF9= 484CF4J<< EF4DOI CDB@OL?9AAOI ;84A<= BK9AP 64:AB, F4> >4> <@9AAB CB A<@ EG8SF B J9AABEF< EF4DB= CDB@OL?9AAB= ;4EFDB=><, >4K9EF69 AB6B= 7BDB8E>B= ED98O < D9;G?PF4F4I D45BFO 4DI<F9>FBD4 E <A8GEFD<4?PAO@ A4E?98<9@. AB7<9 CDB@OL?9AAO9 CD98CD<SF<S XVIII – A4K4?4 XX 69>B6 CD98EF46?SRF EB5B= 6 A4EFBSM99 6D9@S C4@SFA<>< 4DI<F9>FGDO. 4:AO@ S6?S9FES 6BCDBE <I EBID4A9- A<S < 84?PA9=L97B <ECB?P;B64A<S. #BQFB@G ;484K4 6OD45BF>< 98<AB7B A4GKAB7B CB8IB84 > 484CF4J<< CDB@OL?9AAOI B5N9>FB6 > AB6B= HGA>J<<, 4 F4>:9 D4;D45BF>4 @9FB8<>< 484CF4J<< S6?S9FES 4>FG4?PAB= 8?S 4DI<F9>FGDAB= A4G><. <A- 8GEFD<4?PAB@G A4E?98<R CD<ASFB BFABE<FP ;84A<S ;46B8B6, 6B>;4?B6, D4;?<KAO9 47D974FO < @9I4A<;@O, CBEFDB9AAO9 >4> CB <A8<6<8G4?PAB@G ;4>4;G, F4> < EB- 7?4EAB @4EEB6O@ CDB9>F4@. &4>:9 > QFB= >4F97BD<< BFABESFES <AHD4EFDG>FGD4, FD4AECBDF, Q?9@9AFO EBJ<4?PAB= BD74A<;4J<<, E6S;4AAO9 E CDB<;6B8EF6B@, @9- EF4 C9D9D45BF>< QA9D7<<. E?< 6 A4EFBSM99 6D9@S 8?S @AB7<I B5N9>FB6 @4F9D<- 4?PAB7B >G?PFGDAB7B A4E?98<S CD<@9ASRF F4><9 >D<F9D<<, >4> QEF9F<KABEFP <
GA<>4?PABEFP, FB @4F9D<4?PAB9 A4E?98<9 <A8GEFD<4?PAB7B C9D<B84 J9A<FES CD9:89 6E97B, >4> 8B>G@9AF4?PAB9 8B>4;4F9?PEF6B A9F<C<KABEF< 84AAB7B C9D<-
B84 6 K9?B69K9E>B= <EFBD<<. ;GK9A<9 < 6BEEF4AB6?9A<9 <A8GEFD<4?PAB7B A4E?9- 8<S CB@B749F CBASFP <A8GEFD<4?<;4J<R –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
33
ABEFPR <A8GEFD<4?PAB7B A4E?98<S S6?S9FES B8ABF<CABEFP < CB6FBDS9@BEFP. "5BDG8B64A<9 8?S ;46B8B6 < H45D<> EB;8464?BEP @4EEB6B, 4 ;84A<S EFDB<?<EP CB 98<- AO@ CD<AJ<C4@. %?98B64F9?PAB, B5N9>FO 8?S EBID4A9A<S 8B?:AO 6O5<D4FPES FM4F9?PAB < CB CD<AJ<CG A4<5B?PL9= D9CD9;9AF4F<6ABEF<. A8GEFD<4?PAO9 B5N9>FO A4E?98<S E6<89F9?PEF6GRF B5 BCD989?ёAAB@ <EFBD<K9E>B@ @B@9AF9, BFD4:4RF C4@SFP K4EF< A4E9?9A<S, C9D984RF 8GI E6B97B 6D9@9A<. #BQFB@G CD< D9- >BAEFDG>J<< < C9D9EFDB=>9 7BDB84 A9?P;S D4;DGL4FP QFG C4@SFP.
A8GEFD<4?PAO9 B5N9>FO EFDB<?<EP A4 6OEL9@ F9IA<K9E>B@ GDB6A9 E6B97B 6D9@9A<. I EFDG>FGD4 < B5BDG8B64A<9 BFD4:4?< 6OEL<9 8BEF<:9A<S F9IAB- ?B7<K9E><I CDBJ9EEB6 F9I 8A9=. D4EBF4 CDB@OL?9AAOI B5N9>FB6 A4E?98<S CDBS6<FES >4> 6BC?BM9A<9 BCD989?ёAAB= QCBI<, 79B@9FD<K9E>B= QEF9F<>< < >B@- C?9>E EB98<A9A<S E?B:AB7B < CDBEFB7B.
4A8L4HFA4S <AF97D4J<S <A8GEFD<4?PAOI B5N9>FB6 6 7BDB8E>GR ED98G EA<:49F B7DB@AO9 D4EIB8O A4 C9D9EFDB=>G <?< @B89DA<;4J<R. #BE?9 CD9B5D4- ;B64A<S CDB@OL?9AAO9 B5N9>FO A4E?98<S <ECB?P;GRFES >4> FGD<EF<K9E><9 @9- EF4, 84RF CD<5O?P < 6B;@B:ABEFP CBS6?9A<S AB6OI D45BK<I @9EF. #9D9GEFDB=- EF6B CB;6B?S9F A96BEFD95B64AAB9 <@GM9EF6B B5D4F<FP 6 D94?PAO9 >4C<F4?O, EB- ;84ёF D94?PAGR Q>BAB@<K9E>GR QHH9>F<6ABEFP. BEEB;84A<9 A4 @9EF9 EF4DB7B
;46B84, A4IB8SM97BES 6 K9DF9 7BDB84, AB6B7B CBDB8<F ;47DS;A9A<9 B>DG:4RM9= ED98O CD< 97B EFDB<F9?PEF69 < D45BF9. #BQFB@G < 6O7B8A99 E FBK>< ;D9A<S Q>B- ?B7<< EBID4A<FP BFD45BF46L<= <A8GEFD<4?PAO= B5N9>F 6 6<89 B>G?PFGD9AAB7B, Q>B?B7<K9E>< K<EFB7B, <AF97D<DB64AAB7B 6 EB6D9@9AAGR 7BDB8E>GR ED98G C4- @SFA<>4 A4E?98<S. !9B5IB8<@B D4EE@4FD<64FP <A8GEFD<4?PAO9 B5N9>FO A4E?9- 8<S >4> EB98<A9A<9 6D9@9A< < CDBEFD4AEF64, EBID4ASFP < D4;6<64FP <EFBD<K9- E>GR C4@SFP A4DB84.
КBAFDB?PAO9 6BCDBEO
1."I4D4>F9D<;G=F9 <A8GEFD<4?PAB9 A4E?98<9.
2."C<L<F9 CDB<;6B8EF69AAO=, F9IA<>B-F9IAB?B7<K9E><= BCOF >4> J<6<-
?<;4J<BAAGR I4D4>F9D<EF<>G.
3.!4;B6<F9 EFDG>FGDG <A8GEFD<4?PAB7B A4E?98<S, BEB59AABEF< 97B HBD@<- DB64A<S, GK9F4 < <;GK9A<S.
4.4> CDB<EIB8<F BID4A4 <A8GEFD<4?PAB7B A4E?98<S?
9>B@9A8G9@4O GG95A4O ?<F9D4FGD4
1. 9?S964, . . G?PFGDA4S <AF97D4J<S >4> BEAB6A4S EFD4F97<S >G?PFGD-
AB= CB?<F<>< 6DBC9=E>B7B EBR;4 [1?9>FDBAAO= D9EGDE]: @BAB7D4H<S / . . 9- ?S964. – 1?9>FDBA. F9>EFB6O9 84AAO9. – .: #DB@9F9=, 2012. – 98 c. – $9:<@ 8BEFGC4: http://www.iprbookshop.ru/23995. – 1 % «IPRbooks».
2. B5:4A<8;9, . . 1FAB>G?PFGDAO9 D97<BAO @<D4 [1?9>FDBAAO= D9EGDE]:
GK95. CBEB5<9 / . . B5:4A<8;9, . . 4SJ. – 1?9>FDBA. F9>EFB6O9 84AAO9. – .: #DB@9F9=, 2013. – 240 c. – $9:<@ 8BEFGC4: http://www.iprbookshop.ru/18640. – 1 %
«IPRbooks».
34
3. <DBAB64, &. !. @C9D4F<6O EB6D9@9AAB7B B5M9EF64. %BID4A9A<9 >G?P- FGDAB7B < CD<DB8AB7B A4E?98<S [1?9>FDBAAO= D9EGDE]: GK95. CBEB5<9 / &. !. <-
DBAB64. – 1?9>FDBA. F9>EFB6O9 84AAO9. – .: BE>B6E><= 7G@4A<F4DAO= GA<69DE<- F9F, 2013. – 166 c. – $9:<@ 8BEFGC4: http://www.iprbookshop.ru/22457. – 1 %
«IPRbooks».
4. $9>BAEFDG>J<S < D9EF46D4J<S C4@SFA<>B6 <EFBD<< < >G?PFGDO [1?9>- FDBAAO= D9EGDE]: E5. ABD@4F<6AOI 4>FB6 < 8B>G@9AFB6 [1?9>FDBA. F9>EFB6O9 84AAO9]. – %4D4FB6: = #< 1D 98<4, 2015 – 264 c. – $9:<@ 8BEFGC4:
http://www.iprbookshop.ru/30266. – 1 % «IPRbooks».
&9<4 9. 'A48L54 :4: ?4<яB=8: :C;LBC@K
"8A4 <; 64:A9=L<I EBEF46?SRM<I BF9K9EF69AAB= >G?PFGDO – ;47BDB8AO9 GE48P5O E <I <E>GEEF6B@, 4DI<F9>FGDB=, 5OFB@, G>?48B@ :<;A<. 'E4895A4S >G?P- FGD4 I4D4>F9D<;G9FES E<AF9F<KABEFPR: 6;4<@BE6S;< C?4EF<K9E><I 6<8B6 <E>GEEF64 - 4DI<F9>FGDO, E48B6B-C4D>B6B7B, CD<>?48AB7B < <;B5D4;<F9?PAB7B EB ;D9- ?<MAO@< @G;O>B=, 54?9FB@, F94FDB@, A4DB8AO@ <E>GEEF6B@. 6BDSAE><9
GE48P5O, «DB8B6O9 7A9;84» S6?SRFES B8A<@ <; GA<>4?PAOI S6?9A<= DGEE>B= >G?PFGDO. F9K9A<9 @AB7<I ?9F BA< BCD989?S?< Q>BAB@<K9E>B9 < EBJ<4?PAB9 D4;6<F<9 EFD4AO, 6?<S?< A4 HBD@<DB64A<9 >G?PFGDAOI ?4A8L4HFB6, S6?S?<EP D97<BAB- < >G?PFGDBB5D4;GRM<@< J9AFD4@< $BEE<<, EBID4AS?< < CD9G@AB:4?<
DGEE>B9 8GIB6AB9 A4E?98<9.
4> <;69EFAB, HBD@<DB64A<9 86BDSAE>B= GE4895AB= >G?PFGDO 6 $BEE<< E6S;4AB E D4ECDBEFD4A9A<9@ E69FE>B= 96DBC9=E>B= >G?PFGDO (E >BAJ4 XVII 6.). 30-9 7B8O XVIII 6. >DGCAO@< 79B>G?PFGDAO@< J9AFD4@< D4ECDBEFD4A9A<S E69F- E>B= 96DBC9=E>B= >G?PFGDO EF4?< %4A>F-#9F9D5GD7 < BE>64. 6BDSAE>4S GE48P54 – QFB, CD9:89 6E97B, E4@BEFBSF9?PA4S F9DD<FBD<4?PAB-CBE9?9AK9E>4S
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
#BASF<9 «DGEE>4S GE4895A4S >G?PFGD4» CD9F9DC9?B Q6B?RJ<R BF ;4@>AGFB= ED98A969>B6B= >G?PFGDO XVII 69>4, >B784 GE48P54 <@9?4 S6AB 6OD4:9AAO= IB;S=EF69AAO= G>?BA, 8B C9D<B84 D4EJ69F4 > E9D98<A9 XVIII – C9D6B= CB?B6<A9 XIX 69>4. @9AAB 6 QFBF C9D<B8 EB;84RFES >DGCA9=L<9 ;47BDB8AO9 D9;<89AJ<<
#9F9D5GD74 < BE>6O ("EF4A><AB, GE>B6B. DI4A79?PE>B9 6 BE>69). %
35
A4<5B?PL9= CBE?98B64F9?PABEFPR HBD@<DGRFES GE4895AO9 4AE4@5?<, 8B@<A<- DGRMGR DB?P 6 4AE4@5?9 <7D4? GE4895AO= 8B@, IB;S=EF69AAO9 CBEFDB=>< 5O?< 6OA9E9AO 6 7?G5<AG E484, D4;5<64?ES D97G?SDAO=, CB F<CG 9DE4?S, C4D>. 6BDSAEF6B, BE6B5B:89AAB9 6 1762 7B8G BF B5S;4F9?PAB= 6B9AAB= E?G:5O, B5GEFD4- <64?B E6B< 7BDB8E><9 < E9?PE><9 GE48P5O.
'E4895AO= >B@C?9>E B5OKAB D4ECB?474?ES A4 D4EEFBSA<< 2–5 69DEF BF 89D96A< < CBKFB6B7B FD4>F4 < BF89?S?ES CB?BEB= 9EF9EF69AAB= D4EF<F9?PABEF<, D9KAO@ DGE?B@ <?< 8B?<AB= A95B?PLB7B DGKPS. *9AFDB@ GE48P5O 5O? 8B@ ;9@- ?96?489?PJ4. "5M9= BEB59AABEFPR D4;@9M9A<S 86BDSAE><I GE4895 S6?S9FES <I FS7BF9A<9 > 48@<A<EFD4F<6AB@G J9AFDG. 6BDSAE><9 GE48P5O 5O?< E6B9B5D4;- AO@< CDB<;6B8EF69AAB-CDB@OL?9AAO@< J9AFD4@<. EFBD<S D4;6<F<S 5B?PL<A-
EF64 86BDSAE><I GE4895 A9D4;DO6AB E6S;4A4 E CDB<;6B8EF69AAB= 89SF9?PABEFPR, >BFBD4S CB6?<S?4 6 5G8GM9@ A4 B5MGR EC9J<4?<;4J<R D97<BA4. !9>BFBDO9 ;9@- ?96?489?PJO COF4?<EP EB5D4FP 6 B8AB@ @9EF9 6E9 FB, KFB 5O?B 8BDB7B <I E9D8JG. #BQFB@G 6 <@9A<SI EB;8464?<EP CD9>D4EAO9 5<5?<BF9><, E>?48O64?<EP ;4@9K4F9?PAO9 >B??9>J<< >4DF<A, GEF4A46?<64?<EP EF4FG<, BD74A<;B6O64?<EP F94FDO.
AB7<9 86BDSA9 CB?474?<, KFB <@9AAB BFER84, <; « 6BDSAE><I 7A9;8», 8B?:A4 CD<=F< CB@BMP A4DB8G < 69?< ?974?PAGR >G?PFGDAGR, B5D4;B64F9?PAGR, CBC9K<- F9?PE>GR 89SF9?PABEFP. %BJ<4?PAB->G?PFGDAGR A4CD46?9AABEFP 6 86BDSAE><I GE4895AOI >B@C?9>E4I <@9?4 < CD46BE?46AB-D9?<7<B;A4S 89SF9?PABEFP, A9D4;DO6AB
E6S;4AA4S E CB6E98A96AB= :<;A989SF9?PABEFPR 6E9I :<F9?9= GE48P5O. !9?P;S A9 BF@9F<FP ?4A8L4HFAB-CD9B5D4;GRM97B ;A4K9A<S GE4895AB= >G?PFGDO, CB;6B?S-
RM9= D4EE@4FD<64FP « 6BDSAE><9 7A9;84» >4> E6B9B5D4;AO9 B4;<EO >G?PFGDAOI ?4A8L4HFB6. 'E48P5O HBD@<DB64?<EP >4> 4DI<F9>FGDAB-C?4A<DB6BKAO9 >B@-
C?9>EO, 789 CD<EGFEF6B64? BCD989?9AAO= F6BDK9E><= ;4@OE9?, EBID4AS?4EP F9D- D<FBD<4?PA4S B5MABEFP < EB;8464?4EP 6A9LASS CD<6?9>4F9?PABEFP.
)4D4>F9DAB= BEB59AABEFPR >BAJ4 XIX 6. EF4?< GE48P5O - IG8B:9EF69AAO9
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
B >D9EFPSAE>B= D9HBD@O 1861 7. GE4895AB= F9@B= ;4A<@4?<EP CBKF< <E- >?RK<F9?PAB ?<J4, EC9J<4?PABEFPR >BFBDOI 5O?B 6BEC964A<9 «8B5DB89F9?9=» D4;?<KAOI 69?P@B:. "F89?PAO9 @4F9D<4?O ;4>4;O64?<EP <@ 6?489?PJ4@<, ?<5B CBA<@46L<@< ;A4K<@BEFP E6B<I GE4895, ?<5B EFD9@<6L<@<ES 6 G7B8G EB5EF69AAB@G FM9E?46<R ;4C9K4F?9FP A4 E>D<:4?SI <EFBD<< D9;G?PF4FO E6B9= 89SF9?P- ABEF<. $98>BEFPR 5O?< EC9J<4?PAO9 D45BFO B5 GE48P54I @9@BD<4?PAOI, E6S;4AAOI E D4;?<KAB7B DB84 <EFBD<K9E><@< 89SF9?S@< <?< ID4ASM<I C4@SFP B >4><I-
?<5B EGM9EF69AAOI EB5OF<SI GE4895AB= :<;A<: BF>DOF<9 C4@SFA<>4, CD<9;8
36
CD98EF46<F9?S J4DEF6B646L9= 8<A4EF<< < F. C. GDAB9 D4;6<F<9 <EFBD<K9E>B= A4G>< < :GDA4?<EF<>< 6 1861–1917 77., <;84A<9 :GDA4?B6 «$GEE><= 4DI<6», «$GE-
E>4S EF4D<A4», « D96ASS < AB64S $BEE<S», « EFBD<K9E><= 69EFA<>», E5BDA<>B6 D4;?<KAOI <EFBD<K9E><I B5M9EF6, BF89?PAOI K4EFAOI 4DI<6B6 < F. C. ECBEB5EF6B64?< A4>BC?9A<R B7DB@AB7B H4>FB?B7<K9E>B7B @4F9D<4?4 CB GE48P54@, A9 CBF9DS6L97B E6B97B ;A4K9A<S 8B E<I CBD.
CBD9HBD@9AAB@G 6D9@9A< BFABESFES < C9D6O9 CBCOF>< E<EF9@4F<K9- E>B7B <EE?98B64A<S GE4895, BFABESM<IES > >BA>D9FAO@ <EFBD<K9E>< E?B:<6- L<@ES F9DD<FBD<S@. &4> CBS6<?<EP BC<E4A<S %9FGAE>B7B < %BE9AE>B7B EF4AB6 (5O6L<I 48@<A<EFD4F<6AB-F9DD<FBD<4?PAOI 98<A<J) BE>B6E>B7B G9;84, 46FBDO, >BFBDOI . . 459?<A < . ". ,9CC<A7 6 CB846?SRM9@ 5B?PL<AEF69 E?G-
K496 B5D4M4?<EP > GE4895AB= F9@4F<>9. DGCA9=L99 <EE?98B64A<9 #B8@BE>B6PS 5O?B CD98CD<ASFB 5D4FPS@< . . < . . )B?@B7BDB6O@<. "A< <;GK<?< < K4EF<KAB BCG5?<>B64?< F4> A4;O649@O9 <EFBD<K9E><9 @4F9D<4?O CD4>F<K9E>< CB 6E9@ (;4 A95B?PL<@ <E>?RK9A<9@) CB8@BE>B6AO@ E9?4@ < J9D>6S@, 54;<DGRM<- 9ES A4 8B>G@9AF4I XVI–XVIII 66., 6OS6?9AAOI 6 BE>B6E>B@ 4DI<69 <A<EF9DEF64 REF<J<<. 89EP F4> :9, >4> 6 FDG84I . . 459?<A4 < . ". ,9CC<A74, «GE4895AO= @4F9D<4?» CD9B5?4849F A48 BEF4?PAO@.
#D<AJ<C<4?PAB AB6O@ L47B@ 6 <EFBD<B7D4H<< A4K4?4 )) 6. EF4?B IG8B- :9EF69AAB9 <;GK9A<9 GE4895. "A< 6C9D6O9 A4K4?< 6BECD<A<@4FPES 6 >BAF9>EF9 D4;6<F<S BF9K9EF69AAB7B <E>GEEF64. 1FB@G ECBEB5EF6B64?< < C9D9BJ9A>4 4DI<- F9>FGDAB7B A4E?98<S, A4 >BFBDB@ D4APL9 ?9:4?B >?9=@B 4D4>K996M<AO, < D4;6<- F<9 <E>GEEF6B6989A<S >4> A4G><. B @AB7B@ ;4>BAB@9DAB, KFB BAB A4K4?BEP E CB8@BE>B6AOI, 4 <@9AAB E DI4A79?PE>B7B, EF4FPS B >BFBDB@ 5O?4 BCG5?<>B64A4 6 1904 7. 6 :GDA4?9 « <D <E>GEEF64». "7DB@A4S DB?P 6 6OS6?9A<< < CBCG?SD<;4- J<< A4E?98<S IG8B:9EF69AAB ;A4K<@OI GE4895 CD<A48?9:<F :GDA4?4@ «%F4DO9 7B8O» < «%FB?<J4 < GE48P54» (CBE?98A99 <;84A<9 ABE<?B 5B?99 E4?BAAO= I4D4>- F9D, KFB A< 6 >B9@ E?GK49 A9 G@4?S9F 97B ;A4K9A<S). I CBEFBSAAO9 46FBDO:. . 9D9M47<A, !. !. D4A79?P, . . G>B@E><=, %. . 4>B6E><= < 8DG7<9 – E6B<@< CG5?<>4J<S@<, CB EGF<, EHBD@<DB64?< 8BL98L<= 8B A4E 59; EGM9EF69AAOI <;@9A9A<= >DG7 F4> A4;O649@OI <;69EFAOI GE4895. !. !. D4A79?R CD<A48- ?9:4F C9D6O9 CBCOF>< F9BD9F<;<DB64A<S < B5B5M9A<S 6 QFB= B5?4EF<. "F A97B :9 CBL?4 FD48<J<S BFD<J4A<S EB6D9@9AAB= 9@G GE48P5O, F. 9. GE48P5O CBD9HBD- @9AAB7B C9D<B84.
#9D64S CBCOF>4 D97<BA4?PAB7B B5B5M9A<S GE4895AB7B @4F9D<4?4, CD98CD<- ASF4S >4> D4; A4 CD<@9D9 BE>B6E>B= 7G59DA<<, CD<A48?9:<F 2. . ,4@GD<AG. &B64D<M9EF6B@ «"5D4;B64A<9» 6 E9D<< « G?PFGDAO9 EB>DB6<M4 $BEE<<» 6 1912– 1914 77. 5O?< 6OCGM9AO 97B >A<7< CB8 B5M<@ A4;64A<9@ «#B8@BE>B6AO9».
1922 7. 6 BE>69 5O?B BD74A<;B64AB "5M9EF6B <;GK9A<S DGEE>B= GE48P5O (" $'). 7B CD98E984F9?P . . 7GD4 6O86<AG? 84:9 F9D@<A GE48P5B6989A<9, CB8D4;G@964S CB8 A<@ <EE?98B64A<9 E4@B7B D4;ABB5D4;AB7B @4F9D<4?4. " $' E<EF9@4F<K9E>< <;GK4?B GE48P5O, D4;5<6 EFD4AG A4 DS8 D97<BAB6. "8A4>B E69F G6<89?4 FB?P>B D45BF4 CB GE48P54@ 5O6L97B BE>B6E>B7B G9;84.
37
#BE?9 D4;7DB@4 6 >BAJ9 1920-I – A4K4?9 1930-I 77. " $', 84 < <EFBD<K9-
E>B7B >D496989A<S 6 J9?B@, <;GK9A<9 5?<:A<I B>D9EFABEF9= BE>6O 6 BEAB6AB@ E69?BEP > G;>B@G >DG7G A4<5B?99 ;A4K<@OI < @G;99H<J<DB64AAOI C4@SFA<>B6DI4A79?PE>B7B, B?B@9AE>B7B, GE>B64, "EF4A><A4, G:9 846AB 66989AAOI 6 A4GKAO= B5BDBF. #B?B:9A<9 CBEF9C9AAB @9AS9FES FB?P>B E 1940-I 77., >B784 CDB-
<;BL?4 C9D9BJ9A>4 BF9K9EF69AAB7B 4DI<F9>FGDAB7B A4E?98<S < A4K4?4EP CG5?<- >4J<S E6989A<= B C4@SFA<>4I, CB7<5L<I 6B 6D9@S 6B=AO. "8A4>B CBCOF>4 B5D4M9A<S > GE48P59 >4> S6?9A<R DGEE>B= <EFBD<< < >G?PFGDO 5O?4 E89?4A4 FB?P>B 6 >A<79 %. . 9E9?B6E>B7B, . . %A97<D964 < . %. 9@9A>B64 «#B8@BE>B6P9: #4@SFAO9 @9EF4 6 <EFBD<< DGEE>B= >G?PFGDO )IV– )I) 69>B6», 6O89D:46L9= 864 <;84A<S (6 1950-I < 6 A4K4?9 1960-I 77.).
%GM9EF69AAGR DB?P 6 E<EF9@4F<K9E>B@ <;GK9A<< GE4895 EO7D4?4 D45BF4 CB EBEF46?9A<R F4> A4;O649@B7B %6B84 C4@SFA<>B6 <EFBD<< < >G?PFGDO, A4K46L4SES 6 1970-9 77. %C9J<4?<EFO DS84 A4GKAB-<EE?98B64F9?PE><I BD74A<;4J<=
( AEF<FGF <E>GEEF6B;A4A<S; AEF<FGF <EFBD<< %%%$, AOA9 – DBEE<=E>B= <EFB- D<<; AEF<FGF >G?PFGDO, AOA9 –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
BE>6O, CG5?<>G9FES 6 CDB8B?:4RM9@ES <;84A<< «#4@SFA<>< 4DI<F9>FGDO BE>6O». #B EGF<, 6 8GI9 %6B84 6O89D:4A < 86GIFB@A<> «#4@SFA<>< 4DI<F9>- FGDO BE>B6E>B= B5?4EF<», <;84AAO= 6 1975 7. EB:4?9A<R, BCG5?<>B64AAO= @4F9D<4? BFABE<FES > E9D98<A9 1960-I 77. < ;4K4EFGR A9 BFD4:49F D94?PAB7B EB-
EFBSA<S C4@SFA<>B6 (FB :9 @B:AB E>4;4FP < B CDB8B?:4RM9@ES 6 A4L9 6D9@S K9FOD9IFB@AB@ <;84A<< E 4A4?B7<KAO@ A4;64A<9@).
CBE?98A<9 89ESFP ?9F CDB<;BL?B EFD9@<F9?PAB9 D4;6<F<9 GE48P5B6989- A<S (>4> 97B CBA<@4? . . 7GD4). 'E48P5B= EF4?< ;4A<@4FPES 5B?99 7?G5B>B, K9@ D4APL9. %?B:<?BEP CBA<@4A<9 99 >4> HGA84@9AF4 DGEE>B= >G?PFGDO 6FBDB= CB- ?B6<AO XIX – A4K4?4 )) 6. A4K<F9?PAO= CDB7D9EE 6 QFB= B5?4EF< EF<@G?<DB64?< 6BEEB;84A<9 " $', <;84A<9 9:97B8AOI E5BDA<>B6, 6B;B5AB6?9AAOI 6 1994 7., 4 F4>:9 BF89?PAOI @BAB7D4H<= – «'E4895AB9 B:9D9?P9 27B- 4C484
BE>6O», « <D DGEE>B= GE48P5O» « DI<F9>FGD4 DGEE>B= GE48P5O», « 6BDSA- E><9 7A9;84 $BEE<<», E9D<< « G?PFGDAB9 < CD<DB8AB9 A4E?98<9 BE>6O», <;84649@B= E 1995 7. %B69FB@ CB <;GK9A<R < BID4A9 >G?PFGDAB7B < CD<DB8AB7B A4E?9- 8<S CD< #D9;<8<G@9 $ !, E9D<< «$GEE>4S GE48P54», A4K4FB= 9M9 8B ">FS5DP- E>B7B C9D96BDBF4 < 6B;B5AB6?9AAB= 6 2002 7., < 8D. J9?B@ <EFBD<B7D4H<S E6<- 89F9?PEF6G9F B CBEFBSAAB@ D4EL<D9A<< <AHBD@4J<< B5 GE48P54I, K97B A9 E>4-
38
:9LP B >B@C?9>E9 @BAB7D4H<K9E>< <;GK9AAOI B5N9>FB6, A9B5IB8<@B@ 8?S L<- DB>B@4ELF45AOI 6O6B8B6. AB7<9 GE48P5O, A9 5G8GK< IG8B:9EF69AAO@< L9896D4@<, B5?484RF E6B9B5D4;AO@ 4DI<F9>FGDAO@ B5?<>B@.
КBAFDB?PAO9 6BCDBEO
1."C<L<F9 BEB59AABEF< EF4AB6?9A<S DGEE>B= GE48P5O >4> >G?PFGDB?B7<- K9E>B7B H9AB@9A4.
2.$4E>DB=F9 EFDG>FGDG GE4895AB7B >B@C?9>E4 >4> E<EF9@G.
3.B784 A4K4?BEP EF4AB6?9A<9 A4G>< B5 GE48P54I?
4.'E48P5B6989A<9 >4> A4CD46?9A<9 C4@SFA<>B6989A<S.
5.!4;B6<F9 EC9J<H<>G GE4895AB= 4DI<F9>FGDO.
9>B@9A8G9@4O GG95A4O ?<F9D4FGD4
1.G?PFGDAB9 A4E?98<9 B?7B7D48E>B= B5?4EF< [1?9>FDBAAO= D9EGDE]: GK95. CBEB5<9 / ". . 4?>B64 [< 8D.]. – 1?9>FDBA. F9>EFB6O9 84AAO9. – B?7B7D48:B?7B7D48E><= 7BEG84DEF69AAO= EBJ<4?PAB-C9847B7<K9E><= GA<69DE<F9F, «#9- D9@9A4», 2014. – 220 c. – $9:<@ 8BEFGC4: http://www.iprbookshop.ru/40761. – 1 % «IPRbooks».
2.B5:4A<8;9, . . 1FAB>G?PFGDAO9 D97<BAO @<D4 [1?9>FDBAAO= D9EGDE]:
GK95. CBEB5<9 / . . B5:4A<8;9, . . 4SJ. – 1?9>FDBA. F9>EFB6O9 84AAO9. – .: #DB@9F9=, 2013. – 240 c. – $9:<@ 8BEFGC4: http://www.iprbookshop.ru/18640. – 1 %
«IPRbooks».
3. <DBAB64, &. !. @C9D4F<6O EB6D9@9AAB7B B5M9EF64. %BID4A9A<9 >G?P- FGDAB7B < CD<DB8AB7B A4E?98<S [1?9>FDBAAO= D9EGDE]: GK95. CBEB5<9 / &. !. <-
DBAB64. – 1?9>FDBA. F9>EFB6O9 84AAO9. – .: BE>B6E><= 7G@4A<F4DAO= GA<69DE<- F9F, 2013. – 166 c. – $9:<@ 8BEFGC4: http://www.iprbookshop.ru/22457. – 1 %
«IPRbooks».
4.G;996989A<9 < <EFBD<>B->G?PFGDAB9 A4E?98<9 [1?9>FDBAAO= D9EGDE]:
E5. EF4F9=. OC. IV / . . G?9@;<A [< 8D.]. – 1?9>FDBA. F9>EFB6O9 84AAO9. –9@9DB6B: 9@9DB6E><= 7BEG84DEF69AAO= GA<69DE<F9F >G?PFGDO < <E>GEEF6,
2012. – 162 c. – $9:<@ 8BEFGC4: http://www.iprbookshop.ru/22033. – 1 %
«IPRbooks».
5.$9>BAEFDG>J<S < D9EF46D4J<S C4@SFA<>B6 <EFBD<< < >G?PFGDO [1?9>- FDBAAO= D9EGDE]: E5. ABD@4F<6AOI 4>FB6 < 8B>G@9AFB6 [1?9>FDBA. F9>EFB6O9 84AAO9]. – %4D4FB6: = #< 1D 98<4, 2015 – 264 c. – $9:<@ 8BEFGC4:
http://www.iprbookshop.ru/30266. – 1 % «IPRbooks».
&9<4 10. &9>@8я =4CG=>9 @9AB46@4F88
$9EF46D4J<BAAO9 D45BFO – QFB CDB6989A<9 ?R5OI 6<8B6 D45BF, A4CD46?9AAOI A4 EBID4A9A<9 < 6BEEF4AB6?9A<9 C9D6BA4K4?PAB7B B5?<>4 C4@SFA<>4 <?< 97B BCD989?ёAAB7B <EFBD<K9E>B7B QF4C4. ?46A4S J9?P D9EF46D4J<BAAOI D45BF – @4>-
39
E<@4?PAB9 EBID4A9A<9 CB8?<AAOI Q?9@9AFB6 C4@SFA<>4, D4E>DOF<9 97B IG8B:9- EF69AAOI >4K9EF6, 6 E?GK49 A9B5IB8<@BEF<, CBS6?9A<9 >BAEFDG>F<6AOI < <A:9- A9DAOI 8BCB?A9A<= BCD4684AB.
9FB8<>4 D9EF46D4J<< C4@SFA<>B6 4DI<F9>FGDO – QFB ED46A<F9?PAB AB64S, 54;<DGRM4SES A4 B5L<DAB@ BCOF9, B5?4EFP ;A4A<=. "A4 BCD989?S9F CBE?98B64F9?PABEFP, EB89D:4A<9 < HBD@O CDB6989A<S <EE?98B64A<= < CD4>F<K9E>B= 89SF9?PABEF<. '@9?B9 CD<@9A9A<9 A4GKAB= @9FB8<>< 8?S >4:8B7B >BA>D9FAB7B B5N- 9>F4 <E>?RK49F 7DG5O9 BL<5><, A4ABESM<9 GM9D5 C4@SFA<>4@, CB;6B?S9F BD74- A<;B64FP, BJ9A<FP @4F9D<4?O CD9864D<F9?PAOI <;OE>4A<=, 6O5D4FP A4<?GKL<=
64D<4AF 6BEEF4AB6<F9?PAOI CDBJ9EEB6 < B59EC9K<FP <I C?4AB@9DAB9 < CD46<?P- AB9 BEGM9EF6?9A<9.
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
$9EF46D4J<S CB8D4;G@9649F 6BECB?A9A<9 GFD4F. !9<;59:AB CDB<EIB8<F 8BCB?A9A<9 CB8?<AAB7B 6AB6P CD<6A9E9AAO@< Q?9@9AF4@<, A9B5IB8<@O@< 8?S EBID4A9A<S C4@SFA<>4 6 J9?B@. #BS6?9A<9 >BAEFDG>F<6AOI <?< <A:9A9DAOI 8BCB?A9A<= BCD4684AAB, 9E?< B59EC9K<64RFES GE?B6<S 8?S EGM9EF6B64A<S B5N9>- FB6 CD< <ECB?P;B64A<< <I CB AB6B@G A4;A4K9A<R <?< 6 E?GK49 A9B5IB8<@BEF< EB;84FP BCF<@4?PAO= D9:<@ <I EBID4A9A<S. R54S D9EF46D4J<S – 6OAG:89AA4S @9D4 < CD< E4@B@ 59D9:AB@ BFABL9A<< EBCDB6B:849FES >4><@<-FB K4EF<KAO@<
GFD4F4@< CB8?<AAOI Q?9@9AFB6. #D< 6E9@ @AB7BB5D4;<< <A8<6<8G4?PAOI BEB59AABEF9= B5N9>F4 < EFBSM<I C9D98 D9EF46D4FBD4@< ;484K CD<AJ<C @<A<@4?P- AB7B 6@9L4F9?PEF64 < 6A98D9A<S 6 EFDG>FGDG B5N9>FB6 6 A4<5B?PL9= EF9C9A< BF69K49F J9?S@ BID4AO >G?PFGDAB7B A4E?98<S.
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
A4A<9 A4GKAB= @9FB8<>< D9EF46D4J<< C4@SFA<>B6 4DI<F9>FGDO 8B?:AB EF4FP E97B8AS B5S;4F9?PAO@ 8?S 6E9I EBCD<>4E4RM<IES E EB;<84F9?PAB= 89SF9?P- ABEFPR. 9; QF<I ;A4A<= A9 @B:9F 5OFP D9L9A >B@C?9>E 6BCDBEB6 BID4AO CD<- DB8O, <EFBD<K9E><I J9AABEF9=, EB;84A<S GE?B6<= 8?S CD99@EF69AABEF< D4;6<F<S >G?PFGDO, QEF9F<K9E>B7B < C4FD<BF<K9E>B7B 6BEC<F4A<S.
40
