Английский язык для архитектора и градостроителя. Учебное пособие по английскому языку

Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования

«Оренбургский государственный университет»

Л.А. Зарицкая

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК ДЛЯ АРХИТЕКТОРА И ГРАДОСТРОИТЕЛЯ

Рекомендовано Ученым советом федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего профессионального образования «Оренбургский государственный университет» в качестве учебного пособия для студентов, обучающихся по программам высшего профессионального образования по направлениям подготовки 270100.62 Архитектура, 270300.62 Дизайн архитектурной среды, 270900.62 Градостроительство

Оренбург

2013

УДК 811.111:72(075.8) ББК 81.432.1я73+85.11я73

З34

Рецензенты доцент, заведующий кафедрой архитектуры Л.К. Аюкасова

доктор педагогических наук, профессор В.Л. Темкина

Зарицкая, Л.А.

З34 Английский язык для архитектора и градостроителя: учебное пособие по английскому языку/ Л.А.Зарицкая; Оренбургский гос. ун-т. – Оренбург:

ОГУ, 2013. – 116 с. ISBN

Учебное пособие представляет собой подборку текстов на английском языке по темам «Архитектура», «Дизайн архитектурной среды», «Градостроительство» и систему упражнений к ним. Пособие предназначено для студентов 1 курса направлений «Архитектура», «Дизайн архитектурной среды» «Градостроительство» архитектурно-строительного факультета.

Все упражнения пособия рассчитаны на развитие речевых навыков и умений, способствуют достижению основных целей обучения иностранному языку студентов неязыковых профилей подготовки в вузе.

УДК 811.111:72(075.8) ББК 81.432.1я73+85.11я73

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Введение

Данное учебное пособие предназначено для студентов 1курса по направлению подготовки «Архитектура», «Градостроительство» архитектурно-строительного факультета.

Цель учебного пособия - расширение лексического запаса, развитие навыков и умений чтения и перевода научно-технической литературы по направлениям подготовки «Архитектура», «Градостроительство» и профилям: архитектура, дизайн архитектурной среды, градопроектирование.

Учебное пособие состоит из 8 разделов. 7 разделов имеют идентичную структуру. Они включают тексты по теме, которые обеспечены системой предтекстовых и послетекстовых упражнений. В 8 разделе даны аутентичные тексты по темам «Архитектура», «Дизайн архитектурной среды», «Градопроектирование».

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1 Unit 1 Architecture and Landscape Design

1.1 Pretext exercises

1.1.1Warming-up

1)What do you think the word "architecture" means?

2)Why did you make up your mind to become an architect?

3)What can you say about the role of an architect in civilized society?

1.1.2Read the words. Pay attention to the letters in italics

[a:] are, art, architect, architecture, part, landmark, advanced

[æ] man, has, practical, natural, characteristic, adaptability, activity, contracted,plan, landscape, axis, aspect, many

[ei] preparation, regulate, nature, placement, space, range, shape, basic, trainagainst,

may, way

1.1.3 Read the following words. Mind their meaning

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1.1.4 Read the following verbs. Mind their meaning. Pay attention to the

principal forms.

1.1.5 Find proper Russian words with the same roots as the following English

words:

architecture, design, structure, ensemble, aesthetic, function, criteria, principle, practical, civilized, technique, culture, primitive, element, natural, human, symbol, institution, characteristics, activity, stability, construction, communication, form, idea, constant, social

1.1.6 Choose the proper English word:

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1.1.7Find the English equivalents for the following Russian words:

Аограничивать; предпосылка; различать; устойчивый; соответствие; изменяться;

защита; развивать; полезность; приспособляемость; обладать; условие;

выразительный; равный

В to vary; adaptability; equal; to confine; utility; to possess; prerequisite; condition; to distinguish; expressive; suitability; settled; to develop; defense

1.1.8 Form all possible word-combinations:

functional struggle

natural requirements

primitive activities

expressive environment

civilized importance

settled criteria

man-made people

human function

equal structures

1.1.9 Read the following word combinations and translate them into Russian:

art of designing and building; according to aesthetic criteria; to build in accordance with such principles; to fulfill the requirements; every settled society; in all but the simplest cultures; defense against environment; a symbol of development; other man-made structures; adaptability to particular human activities; permanence of the work's construction; the communication of experience and ideas through its forms; relative importance; minor importance; equal importance

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1.2 Read the text. Give your reasons that architecture has many functions

Text 1 A

Architecture

Architecture is the temple of life.

G.K. Muennig

Architecture is the art and science of designing and building structures, or ensembles according to aesthetic and functional criteria. Structures built in accordance with such principles are also architecture.

Architecture is employed to fulfill the practical and expressive requirements of civilized people. Almost every settled society that possesses techniques for building produces architecture. It is necessary in all but the simpliest cultures; without it, man is confined to a primitive struggle with the elements; with it, he has not only a defense against the natural environment but also the benefits of a human environment, a prerequisite for and a symbol of the development of civilized institutions.

The characteristics that distinguish a work of architecture from other man-made structures are:

(1)the suitability of the work to use by human beings in general and the adaptability of it to particular human activities;

(2)the stability and permanence of the work's construction; and

(3)the communication of experience and ideas through its forms.

All these conditions must be met in architecture. The second is a constant, while the first and the third vary in relative importance according to the social function of buildings. If the function is chiefly utilitarian, as in a factory, communication is of less importance. If the function is chiefly expressive, as in a monumental tomb, utility is a minor concern. In some buildings such as churches and city halls, utility and communication may be of equal importance.

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1.3 Exercises to the text

1.3.1 Read the text again and find out if the following statements are true or

false:

1)Architecture should fulfill requirements of primitive people.

2)Without architecture, man is confined to a primitive struggle with the elements.

3)Structures should be built according to aesthetic and functional criteria.

4)There are no differences between a work, of architecture and other man-made structures.

5)The stability and permanence of the work's construction is a constant for all types of buildings.

6)In a factory, utility and communication are of equal importance.

1.3.2Complete the sentences:

1)Almost every settled society that possesses the technique for building produces...

a) nature

b) architecture c) struggle

2)Architecture is necessary in all but the simplest...

a)techniques

b)theories

c)cultures

3)With architecture, man has a prerequisite for the development of civilized...

a)importance

b)institutions

c)symbols

4)The stability and permanence of the work's construction is a...

a)form

b)Function

c)Constant

5)If the function is chiefly utilitarian, communication is of less...

a)Importance

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b)Condition

c)Benefit

6)In a monumental tomb, utility is a minor...

a)feature

b)Eexperience

c)concern

7)Utility and communication are equally important in churches and...

a)markets

b)plant

c)city halls

1.3.3Find the passage describing the characteristic features of a work of architecture and translate it into Russian

1.3.4Read aloud the passage concerning the main aims of architecture

1.3.5Answer the following questions in written form:

1)What is architecture? What is landscape architecture?

2)What is architecture employed for?

3)Is architecture necessary in all settled societies?

4)What does architecture give for a man?

5)What are the main features that distinguish work of architecture from other manmade structures?

6)Which of them is a constant?

7)How do these characteristics vary?

1.3.6These are the types of architecture. Give examples of each type. Use the words and word combinations given below:

1)Domestic Architecture

2)Religious Architecture

3)Governmental Architecture

4)Recreational Architecture

5)Architecture of Welfare and Education

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