Supplementary reading. Учебное пособие

Section 5. Grammar

6.He promised to help us with the home task.

7.My family lived near the sea when I was a kid.

8.They went to the cinema yesterday in the evening.

9.I wanted to go to the seaside with you.

10.Paul had dinner in the café.

Exercise 2

Ask Wh-questions to the sentences

1.She asked for help because she didn’t know how to get to the airport.

2.When I came she was sleeping.

3.Kate called me as soon as she heard the news.

4.She said she knew the answer.

5.We were trying to solve the problem when our boss came.

6.Kent helped us with the baby when it was little.

7.Paola and me were sleeping when we heard the phone call.

8.My parents called me “teddy bear” when I was a kid.

9.I cut my finger while I was cooking dinner.

10.He called me late at night.

Exercise 3

Choose the correct verb form, Past Simple or Past Progressive

1.When I woke / was waking up this morning it rained / was raining.

2.I was breaking / broke my leg when I was skiing / skied.

3.I was playing / played a computer game when my phone rang / was ringing.

4.I was planting / planted roses when he came / was coming home.

5.What did you do / were you doing when the accident happened / was happening?

6.Were you having / Did you have breakfast when I called / was calling?

7.Terry went / was going home as soon as he heard / was hearing the news.

8.When he was reading / read the book the film started / was starting.

9.The kids played / were playing football when mother was calling / called them for dinner.

10.Kate was coming / came home and told / was telling me the exam results.

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Exercise 4

Open the bracket and put the verbs in the correct form

1.I _____ (buy) this book 5 years ago.

2.I _____ (read) a book all morning yesterday.

3.He _____ (have) soup for dinner.

4.She _____ (be) born in 1999.

5.They _____ (jog) at this time yesterday.

6.John once _____ (win) a lottery.

7.We _____ (go) to the theatre last week.

8.At midnight Mary _____ (read) a book.

9.They _____ (be) friends many years ago.

10.Kent _____ (call) me yesterday.

https://biglang.com/past-simple-i-past-continuous.html

Comparatives and superlatives of adjectives

Сравнительная (comparative) и превосходная (superlative) формы прилагательных используются для сравнения различных предметов в английском языке.

Сравнительная форма используется для сравнения трех и более предметов, действий, признаков.

1.К коротким прилагательным, состоящим из одного или двух слогов, добавляется окончание -er: cheap – cheaper, long – longer.

Далее обратим внимание на некоторые тонкости образования сравнительной формы короткими прилагательными.

Если прилагательное заканчивается на -e, то в сравнительной степени добавляется не –er, а просто -r: nice – nicer.

Если прилагательное заканчивается на -у, то -y меняется на –i и только потом добавляется –er: funny – funnier.

Если прилагательное заканчивается на сочетание гласная + согласная, то конечная согласная удваивается: big – bigger.

2.Сравнительная форма длинных прилагательных образуется при помощи слова more: beautiful – more beautiful, convenient – more convenient.

Превосходная форма. Превосходная форма используется тогда, когда нужно выделить один предмет, который является самым-самым.

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Образовывается эта форма по следующим правилам:

1.К коротким прилагательным добавляется окончание -est: cheap – the cheapest, long – the longest. Прилагательные, заканчивающиеся на -e, -у

ина согласную букву, подчиняются тем же самым правилам, что и при образовании сравнительной формы: the nicest, the funniest. В превосходном форме необходимо употреблять определенный артикль the.

2.Для длинных прилагательных необходимо использовать слово most (самый)): beautiful – the most beautiful, convenient – the most convenient.

Некоторые прилагательные образуют сравнительную и превосходную степени не по правилам и является исключением, их нужно запомнить.

Good – better – the best. Bad – worse – the worst Little – less – the least

Many/much – more – the most

Far – farther – the farthest (о расстоянии). Far – further – the furthest (о времени). https://engblog.ru/comparison-of-adjectives

Exercise 1

Choose the correct form of an adjective

1.My brother is two years ______ young / younger / the youngest than me.

2.Maths is _______ important / more important / the most important to me than history.

3.Monkeys are _____ faster/ more faster / more fast learners than elephants.

4.Spring is ______ more pleasant / pleasantest / the most pleasant season of the year.

5.Jim is _____ difficult / difficultest / more difficult pupil in my class.

6.English is _____ easy / easier / the easiest for me than Chinese.

7.Avatar is probably _____ bad / worse / the worst film I've seen!

8.My phone is ______ expensive / more expensive / the most expensive than my sister’s phone.

9.Rob is _____ tall / taller / the tallest than my elder brother.

10.Last winter was _____ cold / colder / the coldest winter in my town.

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Exercise 2

Choose the correct form of an adjectives

1.Kitty is 10 minutes _____ older / oldest than her twin.

2.My grandfather is _____ the tallest / much taller member of our family.

3.He was _____ stronger / the strongest kid in our school.

4.It was definitely _____ the worst / the worse day in my life.

5.I’m sure I know _____ least / less about it, because you are a professional.

6.This flat is _____ best / better for me than the previous one, because it’s very quiet here.

7.This is _____ the funnier / the funniest movie I’ve ever seen.

8.I like your car, it’s _____ more convenient / most convenient than mine.

9.Sorry, can you show me a sweater like this, but _____ cheaper / the cheapest.

10.Thank you, it’s _____ the most kind / the kindest thing you’ve done to me!

Exercise 3

Open the bracket and use the correct form of adjectives

1.My sister thinks she's _____ (intelligent) than me, but I don't agree!

2.What is _____ (wet) month of the year in England?

3.The red car is _____ (expensive) than the green car.

4.John is a _____ (good) actor than I am.

5.It took me _____ (long) than you think.

6.Sharks are _____ (dangerous) than lions.

7.Tom's room is _____(clean) of all.

8.Egypt is one of _____ (old) countries in the world.

9.John is _____ (nice) person that I know.

10.For many years, the Beatles were _____(popular) group.

Exercise 4

Find and correct mistakes

1.This is one of his much important articles.

2.No matter what you say, this is my the most favourite book.

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3.The more you learn about this job, more disappointed you become.

4.This hotel looks more attractive then the one last year.

5.What are the most highest buildings in the world?

6.He is the more handsome man in his family.

7.You live farer then I thought.

8.Our mom loves to choose whose room is more clean.

9.It is most expensive than I can afford.

10.Tim bought the expensive bag of all.

Future Simple

Future Simple Tense (или просто Future Simple) – это простое будущее время в английском языке.

Мы используем Future Simple, чтобы высказать предположения о будущем или о событиях, которые точно произойдут и на которые мы не можем повлиять. А также для обещаний, угроз, предупреждений и предостережений.

Утвердительные предложения формируются следующим образом. Перед глаголом любого лица и числа ставится will, смысловой глагол при этом ставится в форму инфинитива:

He will call my uncle tomorrow.

Вопросительные предложения строятся с учетом обратного порядка слов, вспомогательный глагол will выносится вперед, смысловой глагол при этом все также стоит в форме инфинитива:

Will he call my uncle tomorrow?

Для того чтобы задать специальный вопрос, специальное вопросительное слово, ставится перед вспомогательным глаголом will:

What will you usually tomorrow?

Отрицательные предложения строятся с помощью вспомогательного глагола will и отрицательной частицы not, краткая форма будет won’t:

He won’t call my uncle tomorrow.

Помимо Future Simple Tense для выражения действия в будущем используется также Present Simple Tense для упоминания расписания поездов, самолетов, лекций, фильмов и т. д.; и конструкция to be going to для запланированных событий и договоренностей. Если мы принимаем решение о будущих действиях в момент речи, тогда мы используем Future Simple Tense (например, рассматривая меню в ресторане, решаем, что

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будем есть); если решение о будущих действиях было принято заранее, тогда применяем Present Continuous Tense или конструкцию to be going to

(собираюсь что-либо делать).

Exercise 1

Choose the correct verb form ‘ll or won’t

1.It's a perfect and sunny day. It ________ rain.

2.Anna is ten today. She ___________ be eleven until next year.

3.Lucy was born in 2010. In 2022 she ________ be 12.

4.John is six. He __________ be seven on his next birthday.

5.It's 30 degrees today. It _________ too cold tomorrow.

6.I sent the letter today. If I know it right it __________ arrive until tomorrow.

7.This day is Monday. It________ be Tuesday tomorrow.

8.Oh! My train is late. I _______ be home until tomorrow evening.

Exercise 2

Choose the correct verb form will, Present Simple, Present Continuous

1.The concert (start) at 5pm and (finish) at 7pm.

2.Lucy (not/go) away for her holidays this summer because she is busy with her work.

3.A friend of mine (visit) us soon. Let’s get ready.

4.The exams (take place) next month as announced.

5.My friends and I (have) a party this Friday. Would you like to come?

6.What time … the next train (leave)?

7.Sofie, we … (go) to downtown, … you (come) with us?

8.I (have) dinner with my mom next Friday.

9.The play (start) at 6.00 in the evening.

10.you really (get married) next week?

Exercise 3

Choose the correct verb form will, Present Simple, Present Continuous, to be going to

1.Maria (is going to write / is writing) a letter to her grandma.

2.I don’t think the train (arrives / will arrive) on time. I’ve heard about some troubles on the road.

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3.The train from Manchester (arrives / will arrive) at 8pm.

4.We are having a party on tonight. (Will you join us / Are you joining us)?

5.We (will play / am playing) basketball tomorrow.

6.When (do / will) our classes start tomorrow?

7.What time (does / will) the train arrive in London?

8.My wife and I (will go / are going) to Cambridge soon.

9.I (will promise / promise) I (will write / write) to my mom.

10.I (will apologize / apologize) if you (will tell / tell) me why I should.

First Conditional

First Conditional (условное предложение 1-го типа) – условное предложение, выражающее реальную ситуацию в настоящем и будущем времени. В условных предложениях этого типа в придаточной части всегда используется время Present Simple, а в главной части, в зависимости от ситуации, может использоваться Future Simple, повелительное наклонение или модальные глаголы can, must, may и др. с инфинитивом без частицы to.

If oranges are not expensive, buy me two kilos of them. – Если апельсины будут не дорогими, купи мне их два килограмма.

If Jack decides to move to Florida, we will never see him again. – Если Джек решит переехать во Флориду, мы его больше никогда не увидим.

https://grammarway.com/ru/conditionals

Exercise 1

Choose the correct variant

1.If they … (will leave/leave/leaves) at 6 pm, they … (will arrive/arrive/arrives) on time.

2.Anna and Sue … (will go/go/goes) to the seaside at the weekend if the weather … (will be/is/be) fine.

3.If Anna … (will earn/ earn / earns) a lot of money, she … (will buy/buy/buys) a new house.

4.If he … (will be/are/is) more attentive, he … (won’t get/gets/get) into trouble.

5.If they … (won’t drink/don’t drink/doesn’t drink) so much alcohol, they … (won’t feel/don’t feel/doesn’t feel) so bad.

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6.Not every baby … (will start/start/starts) crying if his or her toy …

(will break/break/breaks).

7.I … (will be/am/be) late for the party if I … (won’t buy/don’t buy/doesn’t buy) my dress on time.

8.If this person … (will become/become/becomes) Prime Minister, he …

(will raise/raise/raises) taxes in our country. https://s-english.ru/uprazhneniya/first-conditional

INTERMEDIATE

Present Perfect vs. Present Perfect Progressive

Present Perfect – настоящее завершенное действие. Это время выражает действие, которое уже завершилось к настоящему моменту, либо это действие закончилось в прошлом, но его результат важен нам сейчас.

I have already cooked the dinner. Have you already cooked the dinner?

I haven’t cooked the dinner yet.

С he / she / it используется вспомогательный глагол has, с остальными лицами и числами – вспомогательный глагол have.

Маркерами Present Perfect являются следующие слова: ever, never, yet, already, since, for, recently, today, this week и некоторые другие.

Основные случаи употребления Present Perfect:

1. Действие произошло в прошлом, но актуально сейчас.

Your friends have already arrived, we may start the party.

2.Действие, (не) закончившееся к моменту речи. She hasn’t written the test yet.

3.Действие происходит в период времени, который еще не истек

(например, this week / today / this morning и т.д.). Has the postman come this morning?

4.Действие началось в прошлом и длится до сих пор.

I have always liked him.

Как правило, это значение относится к глаголам, которые не употребляются в Continuous / Progressive. Для передачи этого значения в английском языке существует отдельное время – Present Perfect Progressive (have / has been Ving).

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1.Present Perfect Progressive обозначает действие, которое началось в прошлом, продолжалось и все еще продолжается в настоящий момент времени.

We have been living in this town for all our life.

2.Второе значение Present Perfect Progressive – действия и процессы, начавшиеся в момент прошлого и закончившихся только что.

– Why is your face red?

– I've been running.

Present Perfect больше сконцентрировано на результате, а Present Perfect Progressive – на процессе.

He has been reading since morning – начал читать и до сих пор читает. He has read 40 pages – есть результат, 40 прочитанных страниц. https://shkolnik.pro/publikacii/angliiski/odinnadzati_klass/present-perfect-

angl/konspect-dlya-uchenika-perfect-continuous.html

Exercise 1

Choose the correct variant, Present Perfect or Present Perfect Progressive

1.He has been driving / has driven since I was 17.

2.I have had / have been having a car since I was 20.

3.David has been painting / has painted in his studio since 10 o’clock.

4.The wind has blown / has been blowing since yesterday.

5.My grandfather has collected / has been collecting coins since he was a boy.

6.He is my friend, I have been knowing / have known him for a long time.

7.Ron and Den have discussed / have been discussing the plans for their winter holidays for two hours now.

8.I have never heard / have never been hearing that song before.

9.The train has just come / has been coming.

10.We haven’t been having/ haven’t had a holiday for 5 years.

Exercise 2

Make sentences in Present Perfect or Present Perfect Progressive

1.I/to read/this book/for three days.

2.We/to play volleyball/ for twenty minutes.

3.I /read/three stories.

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4.She/to clean/the flat/for more than an hour.

5.Peter/to swim/for half an hour.

6.She/visit/already/3 European countries.

7.Anna/to speak/on the phone/for an hour now.

8.You/to wait/for a bus/for ten minutes only.

9.May and Rachel/take part/in 6 dance competitions.

10.It/to snow/since last night.

Exercise 3

Find and correct mistakes

1.She have always listened to music like this.

2.They have been wanting to go to Mexico for 3 years.

3.Dilan has already been completing 3 books out of the list of ten.

4.You’ve been telling me about it a lot of times.

5.My parents have living in this house for 10 years.

6.I have being visiting this café for 3 years – everything is very delicious there.

7.You has gone to Paris 4 times in your life.

8.Have you ever seeing the sunrise at the sea?

9.It has been rained since last week.

10.We have being bought a new car.

Exercise 4

Open the brackets and use the verbs in Present Perfect or Present Perfect Progressive

1.I _____ (not cook) the breakfast yet. Can you help?

2.He _____ (not write) the test yet.

3.They _____ (work) here for 8 years.

4.Martha _____ (understand) all her mistakes.

5.I ______ (already finish) reading this book, you may take it back.

6.We ______ (tell) each other the truth.

7.Our family _____ (always celebrate) New Year together.

8.I ______ (teach) my younger brother to ride a bicycle.

9.She _____ (never like) fish.

10.I _____ (find) a very good restaurant in the center of the town.

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