- •Lecture 3 (part1)
- •The basic questions:
- •The basic motivation:
- •3.1 Evaluation of statistical stability of random sequences based on higher moments
- •The last requirement is equivalent to solution of the following nonlinear system of
- •3.2 The GMV-function and its basic properties
- •Detection of statistically stable points located inside a random sequence
- •3.3 The approximate expression for the GMV- function. Fractional and complex moments
- •ECs method helps to transform the function with nonlinear fitting parameters to the
- •The approximate analytical expression provides a 'universal' quantitative reduction of any random sequence
- •Correlation of two different random sequences.
- •3.4 Different generalizations of the GMV- function
- •Definition of complex moments
- •It is necessary to mark here that possible application of the SFM method
- •Generalization
- •3.4 Basic inequalities
- •Here we show the segment of the random sequence corresponding to beta- distribution.
- •For calculation of the statistical proximity one can suggest the following scheme:
- •2014 year
- •The system of equations for calculation of the exponential parameters.
- •Integration and differentiation pre-processing
- •Values
- •Values
- •1. Application of the SFM: statistical protection of the valuable documents
- •Figure 2. Integration with respect to its mean value helps to create a
- •What is happened if we increase the number of the fitting parameters and
- •Figure 5. This figure demonstrates the difference between two set of random points
- •Results and discussion
- •4.The higher integer moments can be easily generalized for the fractional or even
For calculation of the statistical proximity one can suggest the following scheme:
1.We should calculate a set of the initial parameters {Pr} (r=1,2,…,R), which characterize the initial sequence considered.
2.Then these parameters should be normalized.
3.After normalization it is necessary to calculate the GPCFp(s1, s2) for each pair (s1, s2), with s1 and s2 = 1, 2, …, R. Doing the same with all pairs we obtain the symmetric correlation matrix CC(s1, s2) having the size R R.
4.Then this matrix is clusterized in accordance with the chosen partitioning of the total clusterization interval [cfmin, 1,0] on the given number of subintervals.
Comparison of 17 sequences based on the calculated values of the complete CCF. This factor can be located in the wide correlation limits. For the given case this interval is equaled to [0. 0.68]. In the right corner we show the number of correlations that are located in the given interval equaled 5.
(9+3+1+2+2)=17.
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2014 year
Abstract – Multimedia streaming of three-dimensional (3-D) stereoscopic videos over last-generation networks subject to bandwidth limitations is an important and current research problem. The development and spread of communication networks and devices that support 3-D videos is not supported by proper scheduling strategies that take into account the high variability of 3-D streams to reduce effects of network delays, packet losses, shortage of bandwidth resources and contemporaneous use by multiple clients. Then, it is important to improve the characterization of 3-D videos for developing a more effective streaming process. To this aim, this paper proposes a fractional exponential reduction moments approach (FERMA) based on the statistics of the so-called fractional moments. Each random sequence of frames in 3-D videos can be analyzed and reduced to a finite set of parameters that allow fitting to the sequence by exponential functions and then a characterization and classification of the video by a sort of fingerprint. The developed method does not
depend on the format and the encoding technique of the video.
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The system of equations for calculation of the exponential parameters.
Expression for calculation of the weight factors.
The unknown value of k can be found by considering all positive statistical weights and by minimizing the percentage relative fitting error.
To synthesize, the reduction procedure is realized to determine the reduced set of parameters {(ws, s), s = 1, 2,…, k}, with k << N.
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Integration and differentiation pre-processing
To stress the power of the proposed approach, we add a further processing of the originally available data. Namely, we apply an integration and a differentiation to the sequence of frames, so that we obtain two additional and different random sequences of frames that are characterized by totally different statistical properties. By processing the information in this way, we expect that differentiation creates high-frequency fluctuations. On the contrary, integration is particularly suitable for restoring the long- term trend of video sequences, and analyzing their fluctuations on longer time scales. The very simple numerical integration by the trapezoidal rule is of great help in filtering the high-frequency components of the video data sets under analysis.
The normalized function of the moments N(x) of the 3-D video
stream.
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Initial curve ( 1 = –2.6865, 2 = –
0.2168) and exponential separated
curve ( sep1 = –1.7865, sep2 = 0.6832).
The final fit of the initial functionN(x): 8 fingerprint significant
parameters are shown.
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IMAX Space Station |
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IMAX Space Station |
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Sep_exp RelErr(%) |
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Parameters
Mean values and confidence intervals of the parameters for the original data of the three considered videos, with (a-left ) SBS format and (b-right) FS formats
Values
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IMAX Space Station |
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IMAX Space Station |
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Monsters vs Aliens |
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w3 Sep_exp RelErr(%) |
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Mean values and confidence intervals of the parameters for the differentiated
data of the three considered videos, with (a) SBS format and (b) FS format
27
Values
5
Alice in Wonderland
4.5
IMAX Space Station
4
Monsters vs Aliens
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Sep_exp RelErr(%) |
Parameters
Values
3.5
Alice in Wonderland
3
IMAX Space Station
Monsters vs Aliens
2.5
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Sep_exp RelErr(%) |
Parameters
Mean values and confidence intervals of the parameters for the integrated data of the three considered videos, with (a) SBS format and (b) FS format
How the original data do look? The Film - Alice in Wonderland. SBS-format. From the left to the right: original data, differentiated data, integrated data.
28
29
1. Application of the SFM: statistical protection of the valuable documents
Figure 1. The surface of a plastic card, containing 100 real points (marked by stars) and 100 imitated (false) points marked by blue circles.
A potential swindler guessed 99 real points except one. Is it possible to create a reliable label for differentiation of one “strange” point from other “native” points? The strange point is closed by a red circle.
30
