- •Unit 1 petroleum and natural gas
- •II. Find the proper Russian equivalents for the following English terms.
- •III. Translate the following phrases into Russian without dictionary:
- •Petroleum
- •IV. Answer the following questions:
- •V. Retell the text using the questions in IV.
- •VI. Translate the following sentences into Russian, paying attention to the Degrees of Comparison.
- •VIII. Find one sentence in Present Perfect Tense in the text. Natural gas
- •II. Read and translate the text. Natural gas
- •III. Answer the following questions.
- •Unit 2 oil and gas fields development
- •II. Find the proper Russian equivalents for the following English terms.
- •III. Translate the following expressions into Russian without a dictionary.
- •Oil and gas fields development
- •V. Answer the following questions.
- •VI. Make up proper expressions using the words given in the following columns. Give the Russian translation.
- •VII. Retell the text “Oil and gas fields development” using the questions in V.
- •XI. Find in the text “Oil and gas fields development” the sentences containing the Participle.
- •XII. A) Read and render the contents of the text below in Russian. Give it a title.
- •Unit 3 historical development of oil pipe line
- •V. Read and translate the following text. Historical development of oil pipe line
- •IV. Translate into Russian, paying attention to the passive constructions. Remember the underlined verbs.
- •Unit 4 pumping stations
- •Pumping stations
- •V. Answer the following questions.
- •VI. Translate the following text into English.
- •VII. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the use of the Participle.
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the use of the Participle. Explain the difference between them.
- •IX. Translate the following word combinations into English.
- •Unit 5 manufacture of pipelines
- •III. Translate the following words.
- •IV Read and translate the following text. Manufacture of pipe lines
- •V. Answer the following questions.
- •VI. Find in the text the English equivalent to the following Russian words and expressions.
- •VII. Deny the wrong statements. Use the following expressions.
- •VIII. Translate into English.
- •IX. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the meaning of the verb “would”.
- •X. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the meaning of the verb “should”.
- •XI. Translate the following conditional sentences.
- •XIII. Translate the following extract into Russian with the help of a dictionary.
- •Unit 6 methods of transporting petroleum and their relative economic importance
- •I. Study the following words before reading the text.
- •II. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words.
- •III. Find the corresponding Russian equivalents.
- •Methods of transporting petroleum and their relative economic importance
- •VII. Translate the phrases into English using the Infinitive as an attribute.
- •I'm afraid that’s wrong.
- •It seems to me, it’s not true.
- •IX. Translate into English.
- •Moving oil and natural gas
- •XII. Give a summary of the text. Unit 7 types of pipe lines and storage tanks
- •Types of pipe lines and storage tanks
- •V. Answer the following questions.
- •VII. Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the form and the voice of the Gerund.
- •IX. Translate into English.
- •X. Translate paragraphs 3-6 in a written form. Pipeline components
- •Unit 8 construction of pipelines
- •III. Find the proper Russian equivalents to the following words and word-combinations.
- •Construction of pipelines
- •V. Answer the following questions.
- •VII. Translate into English.
- •VIII. Retell the text “Construction of pipelines” according to the following plan:
- •Unit 9 materials
- •V. Read and translate the following text. Materials
- •VI. Answer the following questions. Use the questions as a plan for your retelling of the text.
- •VII. Translate the following sentences. State the functions of the Infinitive.
- •IX. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the Infinitive as an Adverbial Modifier of Purpose.
- •X. Translate into Russian using the proper function of the Infinitive.
- •XI. Translate the sentences, paying special attention to the use of the Complex Object and the Complex Subject. А
- •XII. Translate into Russian using the Complex Object and the Complex Subject.
- •II. Find out in the dictionary and remember the pronunciation of the following words.
- •VIII. Answer the following questions.
- •IX. Say a few words about a) trunk pipelines; b) multi-product pipelines. Make up a short plan of your speech.
- •X. Translate into English.
- •XI. Translate into Russian. Define the form of the Infinitive and its function.
- •XII. Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the use of the Participle and the Gerund.
- •XIII. Translate the following extract using a dictionary.
- •XIV. Find out if the following statements are true or false.
- •Unit 11 pipeline operation and safety measures
- •Pipeline operation and safety measures
- •VI. Answer the following questions.
- •VII. Describe the pipeline operation according to the following plan.
- •VIII. Translate into Russian. Find out if the underlined words are the Gerund or the Participle.
- •IX. Define the function of the Infinitive used in the following sentences. Translate them.
- •X. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the Participle II.
- •XI. Read and translate the following extracts with the help of a dictionary.
- •Unit 12 types of coatings
- •I. Before reading the text study the following words.
- •II. Write out the proper transcription to the following words from the dictionary.
- •V. Find the suitable nouns to the verbs from List a. Make up your own sentences with the given phrases.
- •VI. Read and translate the following text. Types of coatings
- •VII. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •VIII. Answer the following questions.
- •IX. Retell the text “Types of Coatings” using the questions from the previous exercise.
- •XIII. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Gerund.
- •Unit 13
- •Integrated systems for pipeline security
- •I. Before reading the text study the following words.
- •II. Find out the proper transcription of the following words in the dictionary.
- •III. Find the proper Russian equivalents for the following English terms.
- •IV. Translate the following phrases into Russian without a dictionary.
- •VI. Find the suitable nouns to the verbs from List a. Make up your own sentences with the given phrases.
- •Integrated systems for pipeline security
- •VIII. Answer the following questions.
- •IX. Find English equivalents for the following words and phrases.
- •X. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •XI. Retell the text “Integrated Systems for Pipeline Security” using the questions in VIII.
- •XII. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the Passive Voice.
- •XIII. Remember the meaning of the following verbs.
- •XIV. Translate the sentences paying attention to the Sequence of Tenses.
- •XV. Rewrite the following sentences beginning with the phrases given in brackets. Pay attention to the Sequence of Tenses.
- •Unit 14
- •In-tube magnetic examination of lined tubuing
- •I. Before reading the text study the following words.
- •II. Write the proper transcription to the following words.
- •IX. Answer the following questions.
- •XI. Retell the text “In-tube Magnetic Examination of Lined Tubing” using the questions in IX.
- •XII. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Complex Object and the Complex Subject.
- •XIII. Translate the sentences into English paying attention to the Complex Object and the Complex Subject.
- •Contents
V. Answer the following questions.
1. What are pumping stations designed for?
2. What factors offer resistance to oil flow?
3. What factors do these frictional forces depend upon?
4. Is the viscosity of oil a constant factor? What does it change with?
5. What must be taken into consideration in all pipe line calculations?
6. What must we know to calculate the distance which oil may cover at a given initial pressure?
7. At what distance are pumping stations located?
8. What equipment does a typical pumping station have?
9. What power can be used at a pumping station?
VI. Translate the following text into English.
Нефть может протечь под воздействием силы тяжести только небольшое расстояние. Чтобы транспортировать нефть на большое расстояние, необходимо использовать насосы, которые сообщают нефти необходимое давление для преодоления сопротивления трения. С этой целью по всему трубопроводу устанавливаются насосные станции. Обычно они располагаются на одинаковом расстоянии одна от другой. Оборудование таких насосных станций состоит из двигателя, работающего на нефти и паре, и насосов, которые приводятся в движение валом. Дополнительным оборудованием являются: водяные охладительные башни, генераторы и нефтехранилища.
VII. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the use of the Participle.
1. Using loopings we increase the capacity of the piping system. 2. After being pumped into the oil field storage reservoir, oil is transported to the distributing centres. 3. Having installed a looping we increased the capacity of the line. 4. Having been heated for several hours the oil was transported through the pipe. 5. Some methods being used by the company are the following. 6. The method used by the company was very successful. 7. The engineers investigating this problem made many experiments. 8. The engineer investigating the problem will make a report about his work. 9. The problem being investigated by this engineer is very important. 10. The problems investigated at our Institute are of great importance for oil and gas industry.
VIII. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the use of the Participle. Explain the difference between them.
1. Working out new methods we increase the productivity of labour.
2. Carrying out the experiment, the scientist noticed something interesting.
3. Heating the oil, we reduce its viscosity. 4. Having heated the oil we pumped it through the pipe line. |
1. Having worked out an efficient method of making large diameter tubes, our industry became independent of foreign firms. 2. Having carried out the experiment, the scientist analyzed the substances obtained. 3. Being heated oil becomes less viscous. 4. Having been heated for several hours, the oil was pumped through the pipe line. |
IX. Translate the following word combinations into English.
1. переводя статью 2. используя метод 3. преодолевая сопротивление 4. читая статью 5. увеличивая диаметр |
1. переведя статью. 2. использовав метод 3. преодолев сопротивление 4. прочитав статью 5. увеличив диаметр |
X. Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the translation of the Participle.
1. Most lines being laid at present are a combination of the tided and weldless pipes. 2. Practically all transmission lines laid prior to 1900 were of wrought iron. 3. Currently 42 inches pipe is the upper diameter limit on pipelines built in the USA. 4. Welding processes are widely used now in the construction of oil pipes being built in our country. 5. Some methods being used by the company are proved to be very useful and efficient.
XI. Translate into English.
1. Работа, выполняемая сейчас ...
Работа, выполненная...
Работа, выполняемая институтом...
2. Нефть, подогреваемая...
Нефть, подогретая ...
3. Опыт, проводимый нами сейчас ...
Опыт, проведённый...
Опыты, проводимые в нашей лаборатории ...
4. Трубопровод, который строится ...
Трубопровод, который был построен ...
XII. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the use of when, while and other conjunctions together with the Participle.
1. When developing a new field one of the first considerations which must be taken into account is the provision of pipe line facilities to carry the product to a distributing point. 2. While pumped different grades of oil should not be mixed. 3. When passed through all these operations the pipe line is carefully laid on the bottom of a trench dug by an excavator. 4. It is a physical law that the pressure of a given volume of gas will increase if heated and contracted when cooled.
XIII. Translate the sentences and define the function of the Participle.
1. Other equipment widely used included pipe bending and screwing machines. 2. Fabricated piping was normally moved by A-frame truck, as complicated shapes could not be economically handled on flat bed trucks. 3. Galvanized iron is iron covered with a thin layer of zinc to protect it from rusting. 4. Substances obtained contained no admixtures. The substance heated changed its property. 5. The pipes made of iron or steel are used in oil and gas industry.
XIV. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the use of the Absolute Participial Construction.
1. Many experiments having been done, Russian scientists developed new devices for remote control of the system. 2. Technique having reached a high stage of development, new methods of work became possible. 3. Russian scientists and inventors had to work under the most difficult conditions, the tsarist government taking little interest in the development of Russian science and technique. 4. Our scientists come to the aid of geologists, their common efforts resulting in the discovery of new mineral deposits. 5. Numerous attempts having been made, wе came to a successful solution of the problem. 6. The total length of the gas pipe line is 850 km 59 km of which being gathering lines while the rest is the length of the trunk line. 7. Oil may be also transported from Baku in tankers along the coasts of the Caspian Sea and up the Volga to any town of Central Russia, water transportation being cheaper than transmitting oil by railway tank cars. 8. The operating pressure of the line having been agreed upon, calculations of horsepower could be easily made.