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Acknowledgments

I would like to start by thanking Springer International Publishing for giving me the wonderful opportunity of editing a textbook on chemical disinfection of the root canal system. I appreciate the trust, patience, and knowledge they demonstrated throughout the whole process. I also want to thank Dean Haas, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, for granting me the 6-month sabbatical to focus on this project, and I have a deep appreciation to the whole endodontic department of the faculty of dentistry for their motivation and constant support. Special thanks to Warrena Wilkinson for editing some of the chapters and Dr. Calvin Torneck for the thoughtful writing of the preface.

Gratitude goes to the collaborators of this book. It was a great pleasure to invite you to participate in this project, and your motivated and enthusiastic responses were always encouraging. Thanks for your expertise and dedication.

Finally, I want to recognize my family. I have to start by thanking my father, Professor Emeritus Dr. Enrique Basrani, for showing me what a life of an endodontist looks like. He lived in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and divided his time between academics and clinical practice, while he wrote six textbooks in endodontics, finishing his last one on his death bed. He never stopped working. I should say: he never stopped doing what he loved. Now, as I follow in his steps, dividing my own time between academics and clinical practice, and feel him guiding me in spirit in all that I do. Secondly, I want to thank my mother, Clarita, and mother-in-law, Enid Alter for listening and understanding when sometimes I think that life is overpowering. My brother Dr. Damian Basrani and his family always have a special place in my heart. Howard, my beloved and precious husband, thanks for being there for me, always. Without your presence in my life, I would not be able to be the person that I am today. And to my beautiful children, Jonathan and Daniel, for being as enthusiastic as I am in everything they do.

I want to conclude by thanking all my students, from the undergraduate to graduate program and participants in lectures and workshops. You are the ones who make us better teachers, the ones who challenge us, who inspire us to give our best, and the ones who I also dedicate this book to.

xi

Contents

1

Microbial Biofilms in Endodontics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. 1

 

Luis E. Chávez de Paz

 

2

Update in Root Canal Anatomy of Permanent

 

 

Teeth Using Microcomputed Tomography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15

 

Marco A. Versiani, Jesus D. Pécora,

 

 

and Manoel D. Sousa-Neto

 

3

Syringe Irrigation: Blending Endodontics

 

 

and Fluid Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45

 

Christos Boutsioukis and Lucas W.M. van der Sluis

 

4

Research on Irrigation: Methods and Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65

 

Ya Shen, Yuan Gao, James Lin, Jingzhi Ma, Zhejun Wang,

 

 

and Markus Haapasalo

 

5

Update of Endodontic Irrigating Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

99

 

Bettina Basrani and Gevik Malkhassian

 

6

Complications of Endodontic Irrigation:

 

 

Dental, Medical, and Legal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

117

 

Gary Glassman

 

7

The Role of the Patency File in Endodontic Therapy . . . . . . . .

137

 

Jorge Vera

 

8

Manual Dynamic Activation (MDA) Technique . . . . . . . . . . . .

149

 

Pierre Machtou

 

9

Apical Negative Pressure: Safety, Efficacy and Efficiency . . . .

157

 

Gary Glassman and Karine Charara

 

10

Sonic and Ultrasonic Irrigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

173

 

John M. Nusstein

 

11

Continuous Instrumentation and Irrigation:

 

 

The Self-Adjusting File (SAF) System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

199

 

Zvi Metzger and Anda Kfir

 

12

Ozone Application in Endodontics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

221

 

Zahed Mohammadi and Amir Azarpazhooh

 

xiii

xiv

Contents

 

 

13Irrigation of the Root Canal System by Laser Activation (LAI): PIPS Photon-Induced

 

Photoacoustic Streaming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

227

 

David E. Jaramillo

 

14

Photodynamic Therapy for Root Canal Disinfection . . . . . . . .

237

 

Anil Kishen and Annie Shrestha

 

15

Local Applications of Antibiotics and Antibiotic-Based

 

 

Agents in Endodontics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

253

 

Zahed Mohammadi and Paul V. Abbott

 

16

Intracanal Medication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

267

 

José F. Siqueira Jr. and Isabela N. Rôças

 

17

Disinfection in Nonsurgical Retreatment Cases. . . . . . . . . . . . .

285

 

Rodrigo Sanches Cunha and Carlos Eduardo da Silveira Bueno

 

18

Irrigation in Regenerative Endodontic Procedures. . . . . . . . . .

301

 

Anibal R. Diogenes and Nikita B. Ruparel

 

19

Conclusion and Final Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

313

 

Bettina Basrani

 

Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

315