- •The verbal categories of voice and mood.
- •The morphological structure of a word. Types of morphemes.
- •A short history of the origins and development of English.
- •Word-composition. Classification of compound words.
- •Phraseological units and their classification.
- •Phonetics means of stylistics.
- •Expressive means of English syntax.
- •The verb as a part of speech. Subclasses of verbs.
- •Noun determiners. The article. The problem of the zero article.
- •Words of native origin and their characteristics
- •Finite and non-finite forms of the verb. The category of finitude.
- •Periodization of the history of the English language.
- •Polysemy. The semantic structure of a polysemantic word.
- •Synonyms. The sources of synonymy.
- •Classifications of English verbs.
- •The morphological structure of a word. Types of morphemes
- •Homonyms. Classification. Origin of homonyms.
- •The verbal categories of voice and mood.
- •Antonyms. Semantic and morphological classifications.
- •Phonetic Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices.
- •Types of word meaning.
- •Free word-groups and their classification.
- •Lexical Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices.
- •Phraseology: Principles of Classification
- •The Interaction of Different Types of Lexical Meaning.
- •General characteristics of language as a functional system.
- •Phraseology: Word-Groups with Transferred Meanings.
- •Affixation.
- •General principles of grammatical analysis
- •The Noun. General characteristics.
- •Conversion.
- •Categorial structure of the word.
- •Composition.
- •Reduplication.
- •General characteristics of the grammatical structure of language.
- •General characteristics of the English verbs
- •4. **Mood:**
- •5. **Voice:**
- •Types of grammatical meaning.
- •Classifications of English verbs
- •Lexical Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices
- •Antonyms. Semantic and morphological classifications.
Expressive means of English syntax.
Expressive means in English syntax refer to the linguistic tools and structures used to convey emotions, emphasis, or additional meaning beyond the literal content of the words. These means allow speakers or writers to express their attitudes, feelings, or intentions more vividly.
1. **Exclamatory Sentences:**
- Exclamatory sentences are characterized by an exclamation mark and are used to express strong emotions or exclamations. For example, "What a beautiful day!" or "How amazing!"
2. **Interjections:**
- Interjections are short exclamatory words or phrases that express strong emotions. Examples include "Wow," "Oh," "Alas," or "Bravo."
3. **Emphatic Constructions:**
- Emphatic constructions involve the use of special structures or word order to emphasize a particular element in a sentence. For example, "It was John who ate all the cookies" places emphasis on "John."
4. **Repetition:**
- Repeating words, phrases, or sentence structures can be used for emphasis and to highlight certain points. For instance, "I told you, I told you!" emphasizes the speaker's insistence or frustration.
5. **Ellipsis:**
- The omission of certain words or elements in a sentence, known as ellipsis, can be used for expressive purposes. For example, "The more, the merrier" or "Actions speak louder than words."
6. **Rhetorical Questions:**
- Rhetorical questions are asked not for the purpose of receiving an answer but to make a point or emphasize a statement. For example, "Who do you think you are?" or "Isn't it a beautiful day?"
7. **Hyperbole:**
- Hyperbole involves exaggerating for emphasis or effect. It is a form of figurative language that adds intensity to a statement. For example, "I've told you a million times" or "It took forever to finish that assignment."
8. **Parallelism:**
- Parallelism involves presenting ideas in a balanced or parallel structure. This repetition of similar grammatical structures can enhance the rhetorical effect and add emphasis. For example, "Easy come, easy go" or "Like father, like son."
9. **Anaphora:**
- Anaphora is a rhetorical device that involves repeating a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences. This creates emphasis and can evoke strong emotions. For example, "I have a dream" (Martin Luther King Jr.'s famous speech).
10. **Asyndeton and Polysyndeton:**
- Asyndeton involves omitting conjunctions between words or clauses, creating a rapid, intense rhythm. Polysyndeton, on the other hand, involves using multiple conjunctions. Both can be used for expressive effects. For example, "I came, I saw, I conquered" (asyndeton) or "They laughed and talked and danced and sang" (polysyndeton).
These expressive means in English syntax contribute to the richness and nuance of language, allowing speakers and writers to convey their emotions, attitudes, and intentions more effectively.