810

Quantities, Units and Symbols

Quantity

Symbol

Unit

Symbol

Derivation

acceleration

a

m s–2

–

velocity/time

acceleration

g

m s–2

–

velocity/time

due to gravity

amount of

n

mole

mol

mole fraction (n)

substance

used

Amplification

µ

a ratio

–

–

factor

angle

θpφpa1

–

–

–

of incidence

i

degree

°

–

or radian

of refraction

r

degree

°

–

or radian

Bragg

θ

number

–

–

critical

c

degree

°

–

or radian

anode slope

RA

ohm

Ω

Va/ Va

resistance

area

A

meters square

m2

l b

atomic number

Z

a number

–

number of protons

Avogadro

L, Na

number

–

–

constant

breadth

b

meter

m

fundamental unit

capacitance

C

farad

f

charge/p.d

charge, electric

Q

coulomb

C

current time

on electron

e

coulomb

C

1.6 10–19 C

conductance

G

ohm–1

Ω–1

reciprocal

of resistance

current, electric

I

ampere

A

fundamental unit

decay constant

λ

a ratio

–

density

ρ

kg m–3

–

m/V

distance along

s

meter

m

fundamental unit

path

efficiency

η

a ratio

–

work output/work

input

Electrochemical

Ζ

g C–1

–

mass/charge

equivalent

Electromotive

Е

volt

V

energy/charge

force

electron

е

energy

Е

joule

J

N m

kinetic

Ек

joule

J

NmEk = Smv2

potential

Ер

joule

J

NmEp = mgh

Faraday

F

coulomb mol–1

C mol–1

96500 Сmol–1

constant

field strength,

E

V m–1

–

potential gradient:

electric

p.d./dist.

magnetic

H

ampereturns

–

current no.

of turns

flux, magnetic

Ф

weber

Wb

e.m.f./rate of

change of flux

flux density

В

tesla

T

flux/area

focal length

f

metre

M

–

force

F

newton

N

kg m s–2

free energy

G

joule

J

–

frequency

f

hertz

Hz

oscillations/time

gas constant

r

joule

J

energy

half–life,

t1/2

second

s

fundamental unit

radioactivity

heat capacity

C

J K–1

–

quantity of heat/

temp, rise

heat of reaction

H

joule

J

heat energy

heat capacity,

c

J K–1kg–1

–

heat capacity/mass

specific

heat, quantity of

q

joule

J

energy

height

h

metre

m

fundamental unit

image distance

v

metre

m

fundamental unit

inductance,

induced e.m.f./rate

M

henry

H

of change

mutual

of current

self

L

henry

H

–

intensity of

I

a number

–

–

radiation

latent heat

L

joule

J

quantity of heat

–, specific

l

J kg–1

–

quantity of heat

–, molar

Lm

joule mol–1

J

quantity of heat

length

l

metre

m

fundamental unit

magnetizing

H

ampereturns

–

–

force

magnetic

m

Wbm

–

torque in unit

moment

magnetic field

magnification,

m

a ratio

–

–

linear

mass

m

kilogram

kg

fundamental unit

number

A

a number

–

number of

neutrons +protons

molar volume

Vm

(dm3)

–

volume of 1 mole

molar solution

M

a ratio

–

moles/dm3

moment of

–

Nm

–

force perp.

force

distance

neutron number

N

a number

–

number of

neutrons

number

n

–

–

–

of molecules

N

–

–

–

of turns on coil

n

a number

–

–

order of

p

a number

–

–

spectrum

object distance

u

metre

m

fundamental unit

peak current

I0

ampere

A

see current

peak e.m.f.

E0

volt

V

see e.m.f.

period

T

second

s

fundamental unit

permeability

µ

H m–1

–

henry/metre

of vacuum

µ0

H m–1

–

–

relative

µr

a ratio

–

µ= µ/µ0

permittivity

ε

Fm–1

–

farad/meter

of vacuum

ε0

Fm–1

–

farad/meter

–, relative

εr

a ratio

–

εr= ε/ε0

Potential,

V

volt

V

energy/charge

electric

Potential

V

volt

V

energy/charge

difference

power

P

watt

W

Js–1

pressure

P

pascal

Pa

Nm–2: force/area

Radius

r

meter

m

fundamental unit

Reactance

X

ohm

Ω

E0/I0

Refractive

n

a ratio

–

–

index

Resistance

R

ohm

Ω

p.d./current

Resistivity,

p

ohm-meter

–

resistance length

electrical

Relative density

d

a ratio

–

Psub/Pwater

r.m.s. current

Irms

ampere

A

see current

r.m.s. voltage

Vrms

volt

V

see e.m.f.

slit separation

S

meter

m

fundamental unit

tension

T

newton

N

see force

temperature,

θ

degree С

°C

from kelvin

Celsius

Temp., interval

θ

degree

°or K

–

Temp., absolute

T

kelvin

K

fundamental unit

thickess

d

meter

m

fundamental unit

Time

t

second

s

fundamental unit

Torque

T

Nm

–

see moment

Tirns ratio

T

a ratio

–

nnsec/nprim

(unit of

–

kWh

–

kilowatt hour

electricity)

Velocity

u, v

m s–1

–

distance/time

–, angular

ω

second–1

s–1

angle/time

– of e.m. waves

c

ms–1

–

–

– of sound

v

ms–1

–

–

volume

V

meter cubed

m3

I b h

wavelength

λ

meter

m

fundamental unit

work

w

joule

J

force distance

(N m)

weight

W

newton

N

kg m s–2 or mg

Appendix 9

Letters Used as Symbols for Quantities

Letter

Quantity

A

area, mass number

a

acceleration

B

magnetic flux density

b

breadth

C

capacitance, heat capacity

c

specific heat capacity, velocity of e.m. waves in vacuum,

critical angle

d

relative density, thickness, distance apart

E

energy, electric field strength, electromotive force. Ek

kinetic energy, Ep potential energy, E0 peak e.m.f.

e

charge on electron (or proton), an electron

F

Faraday constant, force

f

frequency, focal length

G

free energy conductance

g

acceleration due to gravity

H

magnetic field strength, magnetizing force, heat of reaction

h

height

I

intensity of radiation, electric current

I0

peak current

i

angle of incidence

k

a constant

L

self-inductance, latent

heat, Avogadro constant

Lm

molar latent heat

l

length, specific latent heat

M

mutual inductance, molar

solution

m

mass, electromagnetic

moment, magnification

N

number of molecules,

neutron number

Na

Avogadro constant

N

a number, refractive index, number of moles, a neutron

P

power

p

pressure, order of a spectrum, a proton

Q

electric charge

q

quantity of heat

R

resistance

Ra

anode slope resistance,

molar gas constant

r

angle of refraction, gas constant (nR), radius

s

distance along a path, slit separation

T

period, thermodynamic

(absolute) temperature,

torque, tension, turns ratio

t

time

ts

half-life

u

initial velocity, velocity of molecules, object distance

V

volume, electrical potential, potential difference

Vm

molar volume

V

velocity, image distance,

velocity of sound

W

weight

w

work

X

reactance

Z

atomic number

z

charge onion, electrochemical equivalent

a

an angle

an increment (finite)

ε

permittivity

η

efficiency

θ

temperature (Celsius), temperature difference, an angle,

Bragg angle

λ

wavelength, decay constant

μ

permeability, amplification factor

π

ratio of circumference to diameter of circle

Р

density, receptivity

Ф

magnetic flux

φ

an angle

ω

angular velocity

Capital, small

English equivalent

Russian

equivalent

Αα

alpha

a

Альфа

Ββ

beta

b

Бета

Γγ

gamma

g

Гамма

Δδ

delta

d

Дельта

Εε

epsilon

e(short)

Эпсилон

Ζζ

(d)zeta

z

Дзета

Ηη

eta

e(long)

Эта

Θθ

theta

th

Тета

Ιι

iota

i

Йота

Κκ

kappa

k

Каппа

Λλ

lambda

l

Лямбда

Μμ

mu

m

Мю

Νν

nu

n

Ню

Ξξ

xi

x

Кси

Οο

omicron

o(short)

Омикрон

Ππ

pi

p

Пи

Ρρ

rho

r

Ро

Σσ

sigma

s

Сигма

Ττ

tau

t

Тау

Υυ

upsilon

u

Ипсилон

Φφ

phi

ph

Фи

Χχ

chi

ch

Хи

Ψψ

psi

ps

Пси

Ωω

omega

o(long)

Омега

List of Chemical Elements

Ac

actinium

актиний

Ag

argentum= silver

серебро

Al

aluminium (US = um)

алюминий

Am

americium

америций

At

argon

аргон

As

arsenic

мышьяк

At

astatine

астат

Au

aurum = gold

золото

В

boron

бор

Ba

barium

барий

Be

beryllium

бериллий

Bi

bismuth

висмут

Bk

berkelium

беркелий

Br

bromine

бром

С

carbon

углерод

Ca

calcium

кальций

Cd

cadmium

кадмий

Ce

cerium

церий

Cf

californium

калифорний

Cl

chlorine

хлор

Cm

curium

кюрий

Co

cobalt

кобальт

Cr

chromium

хром

Cs

caesium

цезий

Cu

copper

медь

Py

dysprosium

диспрозий

Er

erbium

эрбий

Es

einsteinium

эйнштейний

Eu

europium

европий

F

fluorine

фтор

Ее

ferrum=iron

железо

Em

fermium

(рермий

Er

francium

франций

Ga

gallium

галлий

Gd

gadolinium

гадолиний

Ge

germanium

германий

H

hydrogen

водород

He

helium

гелий

Hf

hafnium

гафний

Hg

hydrargyrum = mercury

ртуть

Ho

holmium

гольмий

I

iodine

йод

In

indium

индий

Ir

iridium

иридий

К

kalium=potassium

калий

Kr

krypton

криптон

Ku

kurchatovium

курчатовий

La

lanthanum

лантан

Li

lithium

литий

Lr

lawrencium

лоуренсий

Lu

lutetium

лютеций

Md

mendelevium

менделевий

Mg

magnesium

магний

Mn

manganese

марганец

Mo

molybdenum

молибден

N

nitrogen

азот

Na

natrium = sodium

натрий

Nb

niobium = columbium

ниобий

Nd

neodymium

неодим

Ne

neon

неон

Ni

nickel

никель

No

nobelium

нобелий

Np

neptunium

нептуний

Ns

nilsborium

нильсборий

О

oxygen

кислород

Os

osmium

осмий

P

phosphorus

фосфор

Pa

protactinium

протактиний

Pb

plumbum=lead

свинец

Pd

palladium

палладий

Pm

promethium

прометий

Po

polonium

полоний

Pr

praseodymium

празеодим

Pt

platinum

платина

Pu

plutonium

плутоний

Ra

radium

радий

Rb

rubidium

рубидий

Re

rhenium

рений

Rh

rhodium

родий