1463

Приложение 9

Letters Used as Symbols for Quantities

Letter

Quantity

A

area, mass number

a

acceleration

B

magnetic flux density

b

breadth

C

capacitance, heat capacity

c

specific heat capacity, velocity of e.m. waves in vacuum,

critical angle

d

relative density, thickness, distance apart

E

energy, electric field strength, electromotive force. Ek

kinetic energy, Ep potential energy, E0 peak e.m.f.

e

charge on electron (or proton), an electron

F

Faraday constant, force

f

frequency, focal length

G

free energy conductance

g

acceleration due to gravity

H

magnetic field strength, magnetizing force, heat of reaction

h

height

I

intensity of radiation, electric current

I0

peak current

i

angle of incidence

k

a constant

L

self-inductance, latent

heat, Avogadro constant

Lm

molar latent heat

l

length, specific latent heat

M

mutual inductance, molar

solution

m

mass, electromagnetic

moment, magnification

N

number of molecules,

neutron number

Na

Avogadro constant

N

a number, refractive index, number of moles, a neutron

P

power

p

pressure, order of a spectrum, a proton

Q

electric charge

Окончание прил . 9

q

quantity of heat

R

resistance

Ra

anode slope resistance,

molar gas constant

r

angle of refraction, gas constant (nR), radius

s

distance along a path, slit separation

T

period, thermodynamic

(absolute) temperature,

torque, tension, turns ratio

t

time

ts

half-life

u

initial velocity, velocity of molecules, object distance

V

volume, electrical potential, potential difference

Vm

molar volume

V

velocity, image distance,

velocity of sound

W

weight

w

work

X

reactance

Z

atomic number

z

charge onion, electrochemical equivalent

a

an angle

an increment (finite)

ε

permittivity

η

efficiency

θ

temperature (Celsius), temperature difference, an angle,

Bragg angle

λ

wavelength, decay constant

μ

permeability, amplification factor

π

ratio of circumference to diameter of circle

Р

density, receptivity

Ф

magnetic flux

φ

an angle

ω

angular velocity

Приложение 1 1

Greek Alphabet

Capital, small

English equivalent

Russian

equivalent

Αα

alpha

a

Альфа

Ββ

beta

b

Бета

Γγ

gamma

g

Гамма

Δδ

delta

d

Дельта

Εε

epsilon

e(short)

Эпсилон

Ζζ

(d)zeta

z

Дзета

Ηη

eta

e(long)

Эта

Θθ

theta

th

Тета

Ιι

iota

i

Йота

Κκ

kappa

k

Каппа

Λλ

lambda

l

Лямбда

Μμ

mu

m

Мю

Νν

nu

n

Ню

Ξξ

xi

x

Кси

Οο

omicron

o(short)

Омикрон

Ππ

pi

p

Пи

Ρρ

rho

r

Ро

Σσ

sigma

s

Сигма

Ττ

tau

t

Тау

Υυ

upsilon

u

Ипсилон

Φφ

phi

ph

Фи

Χχ

chi

ch

Хи

Ψψ

psi

ps

Пси

Ωω

omega

o(long)

Омега

Приложение 1 2

List of Chemical Elements

Ac

actinium

актиний

Ag

argentum= silver

серебро

Al

aluminium (US = um)

алюминий

Am

americium

америций

At

argon

аргон

As

arsenic

мышьяк

At

astatine

астат

Au

aurum = gold

золото

В

boron

бор

Ba

barium

барий

Be

beryllium

бериллий

Bi

bismuth

висмут

Bk

berkelium

беркелий

Br

bromine

бром

С

carbon

углерод

Ca

calcium

кальций

Cd

cadmium

кадмий

Ce

cerium

церий

Cf

californium

калифорний

Cl

chlorine

хлор

Cm

curium

кюрий

Co

cobalt

кобальт

Cr

chromium

хром

Cs

caesium

цезий

Cu

copper

медь

Py

dysprosium

диспрозий

Er

erbium

эрбий

Es

einsteinium

эйнштейний

Eu

europium

европий

F

fluorine

фтор

Ее

ferrum=iron

железо

Em

fermium

(рермий

Er

francium

франций

Ga

gallium

галлий

Gd

gadolinium

гадолиний

Ge

germanium

германий

H

hydrogen

водород

He

helium

гелий

Продолжение прил . 1 2

Hf

hafnium

гафний

Hg

hydrargyrum = mercury

ртуть

Ho

holmium

гольмий

I

iodine

йод

In

indium

индий

Ir

iridium

иридий

К

kalium=potassium

калий

Kr

krypton

криптон

Ku

kurchatovium

курчатовий

La

lanthanum

лантан

Li

lithium

литий

Lr

lawrencium

лоуренсий

Lu

lutetium

лютеций

Md

mendelevium

менделевий

Mg

magnesium

магний

Mn

manganese

марганец

Mo

molybdenum

молибден

N

nitrogen

азот

Na

natrium = sodium

натрий

Nb

niobium = columbium

ниобий

Nd

neodymium

неодим

Ne

neon

неон

Ni

nickel

никель

No

nobelium

нобелий

Np

neptunium

нептуний

Ns

nilsborium

нильсборий

О

oxygen

кислород

Os

osmium

осмий

P

phosphorus

фосфор

Pa

protactinium

протактиний

Pb

plumbum=lead

свинец

Pd

palladium

палладий

Pm

promethium

прометий

Po

polonium

полоний

Pr

praseodymium

празеодим

Pt

platinum

платина

Pu

plutonium

плутоний

Ra

radium

радий

Rb

rubidium

рубидий

Окончание прил . 1 2

Re

rhenium

рений

Rh

rhodium

родий

Rn

radon

радон

Ru

ruthenium

рутений

S

sulpher/sulfur (US)

сера

Sb

antimony = stibium

сурьма

Sc

scandium

скандий

Se

selenium

селен

Si

silicon

кремний

Sm

samarium

самарий

Sn

stannum = tin

олово

Sr

strontium

стронций

Та

tantalum

тантал

Tb

terbium

тербий

Tc

technetium

технеций

Те

tellurium

теллур

Th

thorium

торий

Ti

titanium

титан

Tl

thallium

таллий

Tm

thulium

туллий

U

uranium

уран

V

vanadium

ванадий

w

wolfram = tungsten

вольфрам

Xe

xenon

ксенон

Y

yttrium

иттрий

Yb

ytterbium

иттербий

Zn

zinc

цинк

Zr

zirconium

цирконий

Приложение 1 3

Thermal Expansion, Temperature

temperature (n)

A property of an object that indicates in which direction

heat energy will flow if the object is placed in thermal

contact with another object. Heat energy flows from places

of higher temperature to places of lower temperature

Zeroth law of

If two bodies Xand Fare each separately in thermal

thermodynarnics

equilibrium with another body Z, then they are in thermal

equilibrium with one another. In the most common case the

body Z is a thermometer

temperature scale

A sequence of values which represent temperature. Such a

sequence is usually obtained by choosing two fixed points

(identified by specified properties of stated substances)

between which there are subdivisions made on a chosen

basis. The Celsius scale has 99 divisions between the

melting point of pure water and the boiling point of pure

water

Celsius scale

A temperature scale for which the ice point is at 0° and the

steam point is at 100°. One Celsius degree is denned as

1/100 of the temperature interval between the ice point and

the steam point

Centigrade scale

The name formerly used for the Celsius scale. The name is

not now used in International System of Units (SI) but is

often used by meteorologists

Fahrenheit scale

A temperature scale for which the ice point is at 32° F and

the steam point at 212° F. Originally the zero was obtained

in a freezing mixture and another point was fixed at 96° for

blood temperature

Reaumur scale

A temperature scale in which the ice point is at 0° and the

steam point at 80°

ideal gas scale

A scale in which changes of temperature are measured

either by changes of pressure, or changes of volume, for

gases operating at pressure low enough for the gases to

behave as ideal gases

Thermodynamic

A temperature scale which does not depend upon the

scale

working properties of any substance. The ideal gas scale is

identical with this scale

Окончание прил . 1 3

absolute scale

A thermodynamic temperature scale in which the lower

fixed point is absolute zero of temperature and the interval

is identic with that on the Celsius scale. The temperature

on the absolute scale is obtained by adding to u, the

Celsius temperature, // a where a is the coefficient of

expansion of a gas at constant pressure. This gives a scale

on which the ice point is 273.15°; i.e. °A = °C + 273.15.

The absolute scale was often called the Kelvin scale and

temperatures measured in °A or °K. In SI units temperature

is measured in kelvins (K) by defining the triple point of

water as 273.16 K. The ice point is then 273.15 K. The

kelvin has the same size as the degree absolute

fixed points

Those points on a temperature scale which are fixed and

which can be referred to a given property of a substance. The

two main fixed points are the ice point and the steam point

ice point

That fixed point on a temperature scale at which pure solid

water (ice) and

pure liquid

water are in equilibrium at

101325 N m

2

(760 mm Hg). It may be more simply

described as the melting point of pure ice at standard

pressure (101325 N m2 or 760 mm Hg)

steam point

That fixed point on a temperature scale at which pure water

boils at standard pressure (101325 N m2; 760 mm Hg).

This is 100° on the Celsius scale

zinc point

A fixed point on an international temperature scale, fixed

at the temperature at which zinc changes from liquid to

solid (the freezing point of zinc) at standard pressure

(101325 N m2). This corresponds to 419.58 °C

International

A practical scale which is

as near as possible to the

temperature scale

thermodynamic scale but easily referable to a series of

fixed points.

Triple point of hydrogen

–259.34 °C

Boiling point of neon

–246.048 °C

Triple point of oxygen

–218.789 °C

Triple point of water

0.0 °C

Boiling point of oxygen

–182.962 °C

Boiling point of water

100.0 °C

Freezing point of zinc oil

419.58 °C

Freezing point of silver

961.93 °C

Freezing point of gold

1064.43 °C

Below 630°C platinum resistance thermometer; up to

1064°C a thermocouple or special platinum resistance

thermometer; above 1064 °C a radiation pyrometer

Приложение 1 4

List of International Words

abberation

bacterium

chemist

abiotic

barrier

chicory

abscissa

biatomic

chlorophyll

abstract

bifurcation

chromosome

accelerate

binary

chord

accumulate

binominal

chrome

acetate

biochemistry

circulation

acre

biogenetic

coagulation

acyclic

bio mass

coefficient

adequate

biophysics

collapse

aeration

biosphere

colloid

aerobe

bomb

compact

agglomerate

boolean

component

aggregate

briquette

compost

allomorph

buffer

concentric

amalgam

bushel

conglomeration

ammonia

calcic

conjunction

amorphism

calculate

coordinate

amphibian

caliber

copernican

anabolism

calibrate

corpuscle

anaerobe

calorie

corrode

androgenesis

camphor

cosecant

anode

canal

cosine

anomalous

capillary

cotangent

antioxidant

capsule

covalence

apical

carat

crater

apparatus

carbide

criterion

Archimedus

carbon

crystallize

Aristotel

carburettor

cube

artesian

carotene

cultivate

asphalt

catalysis

cybernetics

associate

category

cyclic

atmosphere

cathode

cyclone

attribute

cellulose

cylinder

autoclave

cement

cytology

automorphous

centigrade

date

autotrophic

ceramic

deactivation

axiom

centrifugal

degenerate v

azimuth

chemical

deposit