The Chad Risk Assessment

Abo Homos-Nubaria Pipeline QRA

1.5.4.3 Jet - top

Raw plot data

1.5.5Warnings

1 - Temperature outside experimental range -5 to 15 C 2 - Pressure outside experimental range 0 to 20 bara

3 - Pressure downstream parameter has not been experimentally determined 4 - Warning: some vapour condenses - assume metastable flow

5 - Dew point calculation not possible at requested pressure

6 - Ambient temperature outside extrapolated range -5 to 30 C 7 - Mass flow rate outside extrapolated range 0 to 100 kg/s

8 - Ambient temperature outside experimental range 0 to 15 C 9 - Release height outside experimental range 0.5 to 100 m 10 - Mass flow rate outside experimental range 0 to 30 kg/s 11 - Contour value outside experimental range 0 to 35 kW/m2

12 - Ambient pressure parameter has not been experimentally determined 13 - Release height increased above surface roughness

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Abo Homos-Nubaria Pipeline QRA

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1.670Bar - Minor Leak [1 Inch] - Vertical Release

1.6.1Scenario Summary

1.6.1.1Scenario

Scenario = 70Bar - Minor Leak [1 Inch] - Vertical Release Fluid = Natural gas

1.6.1.2 Process conditions

Calculate at = User input pressure

Temperature = 40 °C

Pressure = 70 bara

1.6.1.2.1Pressure downstream of release

Pressure = 1.013 bara

Use standard atmospheric pressure = yes

1.6.1.2.2Release from

Release source = Vapour space

1.6.1.3 Hole & release geometry

1.6.1.3.1Hole geometry

Failure type = Custom

Hole diameter = 0.0254 m

Discharge coefficient = 0.8

1.6.1.3.2Pipe

Pipe length = 0 m

1.6.1.3.3Release

Release height = 0 m

Release angle from vertical = 0 deg

Release angle, clockwise from North = 0 deg

1.6.1.4 Weather

1.6.1.4.1Ambient conditions

Temperature = 40 °C

Relative humidity = 75 %

Wind speed = 10 m/s

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Abo Homos-Nubaria Pipeline QRA

Direction wind is going to = 0 deg (measured clockwise from North)

1.6.1.4.2Atmospheric stability conditions

Define by = Pasquill class

Pasquill class = D Neutral

1.6.1.5 Thermal radiation

Radiation contours = 1.58, 4.73, 6.31, 9.46, 37.5 kW/m²

Height at which plan view contours to be plotted = 0 m

Cross flame distance at which side view contours to be plotted = 0 m

1.6.1.6 Dispersion

Surface roughness = 0.1 m Contours to plot:

47226.4 ppm 148597.8 ppm Plot type = LFL/UFL Sampling time = Instantaneous

1.6.1.7 Release summary

Mass flow rate = 5.63 kg/s

Flux = 11110.9 kg/m²/s

Static exit pressure = 35.59 bara

Exit temperature = -55.14 °C

Exit density = 35.6 kg/m³

Exit velocity = 312.1 m/s

Residence time = 0 s

Vapour fraction at exit = 1 mol/mol

Expanded exit velocity = 623.4 m/s

Air equivalent source diameter = 0.09789 m

1.6.1.8 Release Composition

Molecular Weight of Release = 18.13 kg/kmol

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Abo Homos-Nubaria Pipeline QRA

1.6.1.9 Reservoir summary (at reservoir pressure)

Bubble point temperature = n/a

Dew point temperature = n/a

Vapour fraction = 1

1.6.1.9.1Properties of phases

1.6.2Jet Fire

1.6.2.1Jet Fire Summary

Flame length (of frustum) = 14.9 m

Cone width of flame base = 2.206 m

Cone width of flame end = 3.285 m

Flame lift-off = 7.722 m

Flame angle from vertical = 26.95 deg Flame angle, clockwise from North = 0 deg

Surface emissive power = 223.5 kW/m² Fraction of heat radiated = 0.1177 Total combustion power = 267.6 MW Heat of combustion = 47529.6 kJ/kg

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Abo Homos-Nubaria Pipeline QRA

1.6.2.2 Side view

Raw plot data

1.6.2.3 Top view

Raw plot data

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Abo Homos-Nubaria Pipeline QRA

1.6.2.4 Impingement

Raw plot data

1.6.3Pool Chart

1.6.3.1No pool can form

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Abo Homos-Nubaria Pipeline QRA

1.6.4Dispersion

1.6.4.1Dispersion Summary

Mass in plume between specified limits = 11.89 kg Volume of plume containing this mass = 11.01 m³ Pollutant-only mass in this volume = 0.633 kg Specified minimum = 4.723 vol%

Specified maximum = 100 vol%

1.6.4.2 Jet - side

Raw plot data

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Abo Homos-Nubaria Pipeline QRA

1.6.4.3 Jet - top

Raw plot data

1.6.5Warnings

1 - Temperature outside experimental range -5 to 15 C 2 - Pressure outside experimental range 0 to 20 bara

3 - Pressure downstream parameter has not been experimentally determined 4 - Warning: some vapour condenses - assume metastable flow

5 - Dew point calculation not possible at requested pressure

6 - Ambient temperature outside extrapolated range -5 to 30 C 7 - Ambient temperature outside experimental range 0 to 15 C 8 - Release height outside experimental range 0.5 to 100 m

9 - Contour value outside experimental range 0 to 35 kW/m2

10 - Ambient pressure parameter has not been experimentally determined 11 - Release height increased above surface roughness

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Abo Homos-Nubaria Pipeline QRA

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1.770Bar - Depressurization [10 Inch] - Vertical Release

1.7.1Scenario Summary

1.7.1.1Scenario

Scenario = 70Bar - Depressurization [10 Inch] - Vertical Release Fluid = Natural gas

1.7.1.2 Process conditions

Calculate at = User input pressure

Temperature = 40 °C

Pressure = 70 bara

1.7.1.2.1Pressure downstream of release

Pressure = 1.013 bara

Use standard atmospheric pressure = yes

1.7.1.2.2Release from

Release source = Vapour space

1.7.1.3 Hole & release geometry

1.7.1.3.1Hole geometry

Failure type = Custom

Hole diameter = 0.254 m

Discharge coefficient = 0.8

1.7.1.3.2Pipe

Pipe length = 0 m

1.7.1.3.3Release

Release height = 0 m

Release angle from vertical = 0 deg

Release angle, clockwise from North = 0 deg

1.7.1.4 Weather

1.7.1.4.1Ambient conditions

Temperature = 40 °C

Relative humidity = 75 %

Wind speed = 10 m/s

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Abo Homos-Nubaria Pipeline QRA

Direction wind is going to = 0 deg (measured clockwise from North)

1.7.1.4.2Atmospheric stability conditions

Define by = Pasquill class

Pasquill class = D Neutral

1.7.1.5 Thermal radiation

Radiation contours = 1.58, 4.73, 6.31, 9.46, 37.5 kW/m²

Height at which plan view contours to be plotted = 0 m

Cross flame distance at which side view contours to be plotted = 0 m

1.7.1.6 Dispersion

Surface roughness = 0.1 m Contours to plot:

47226.4 ppm 148597.8 ppm Plot type = LFL/UFL Sampling time = Instantaneous

1.7.1.7 Release summary

Mass flow rate = 563 kg/s

Flux = 11110.9 kg/m²/s

Static exit pressure = 35.59 bara

Exit temperature = -55.14 °C

Exit density = 35.6 kg/m³

Exit velocity = 312.1 m/s

Residence time = 0 s

Vapour fraction at exit = 1 mol/mol

Expanded exit velocity = 623.4 m/s

Air equivalent source diameter = 0.9789 m

1.7.1.8 Release Composition

Molecular Weight of Release = 18.13 kg/kmol

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