The Chad Risk Assessment
.pdf
Abo Homos-Nubaria Pipeline QRA
1.7.1.9 Reservoir summary (at reservoir pressure)
Bubble point temperature = n/a
Dew point temperature = n/a
Vapour fraction = 1
1.7.1.9.1Properties of phases
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Vapour |
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Liquid |
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Molecular weight (kg/kmol) |
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18.13 |
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0 |
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Density (kg/m³) |
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55.5 |
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0 |
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Enthalpy (kJ/kmol) |
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193.3 |
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0 |
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Entropy (kJ/kmol*K) |
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-29.46 |
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0 |
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Cv (kJ/kg*K) |
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1.725 |
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0 |
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Cp (kJ/kg*K) |
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2.627 |
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0 |
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Sound velocity (m/s) |
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414.8 |
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0 |
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Viscosity (e-3 kg/m*s) |
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0.01354 |
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Surface tension (e-3 N/m) |
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0 |
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0 |
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1.7.2Jet Fire
1.7.2.1Jet Fire Summary
Flame length (of frustum) = 93.64 m
Cone width of flame base = 13.92 m
Cone width of flame end = 32.85 m
Flame lift-off = 48.72 m
Flame angle from vertical = 25.48 deg Flame angle, clockwise from North = 0 deg
Surface emissive power = 251.1 kW/m² Fraction of heat radiated = 0.07427 Total combustion power = 26759.2 MW Heat of combustion = 47529.6 kJ/kg
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1.7.2.2 Side view
Raw plot data
1.7.2.3 Top view
Raw plot data
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1.7.2.4 Impingement
Raw plot data
1.7.3Pool Chart
1.7.3.1No pool can form
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1.7.4Dispersion
1.7.4.1Dispersion Summary
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Contour value (ppm) |
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47226.4 |
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148597.8 |
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Downwind distance (m) |
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22.47 |
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5.786 |
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Height above ground (m) |
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57.4 |
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32.56 |
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Mass in plume between specified limits = 9022.8 kg Volume of plume containing this mass = 8377.5 m³ Pollutant-only mass in this volume = 492.5 kg Specified minimum = 4.723 vol%
Specified maximum = 100 vol%
1.7.4.2 Jet - side
Raw plot data
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1.7.4.3 Jet - top
Raw plot data
1.7.5Warnings
1 - Temperature outside experimental range -5 to 15 C 2 - Pressure outside experimental range 0 to 20 bara
3 - Pressure downstream parameter has not been experimentally determined 4 - Warning: some vapour condenses - assume metastable flow
5 - Dew point calculation not possible at requested pressure
6 - Ambient temperature outside extrapolated range -5 to 30 C 7 - Mass flow rate outside extrapolated range 0 to 100 kg/s
8 - Ambient temperature outside experimental range 0 to 15 C 9 - Release height outside experimental range 0.5 to 100 m 10 - Mass flow rate outside experimental range 0 to 30 kg/s 11 - Contour value outside experimental range 0 to 35 kW/m2
12 - Ambient pressure parameter has not been experimentally determined 13 - Release height increased above surface roughness
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1.8Explosion [Confined space]
1.8.1Scenario Summary
1.8.1.1Scenario
Scenario = Explosion [Confined space]
Fluid = Methane
1.8.1.2 |
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Congested region |
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Region size, m |
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Number of grids |
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Blockage ratio |
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Length |
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10 |
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3 |
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0.3 |
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Width |
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10 |
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3 |
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0.3 |
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Height |
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5 |
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Complexity level = 3
With roof = yes
Partially filled = no
Angle of congested region length = 0 deg (measured clockwise from North)
1.8.1.3 Pulse at a distance from edge of congested region
Distance = 10 m
Overpressure = 0.038 bar
Duration = 62.9 ms
Rise time = 40.3 ms
1.8.1.4 Source properties
Overpressure = 0.07719 bar
Radius = 7.763 m
1.8.1.5 Response at distances from edge of congested region
Distance to 50% window breaking (0.020 bar) = 24.2 m Distance to glass damage causing injury (0.050 bar) = 6.2 m Distance to repairable damage to buildings (0.100 bar) = 0.0 m Distance to heavy damage buildings/plant (0.340 bar) = 0.0 m
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1.8.1.6 Custom Contour Values
Overpressure (mbar)
Distance (m)
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25 |
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18.21 |
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50 |
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6.222 |
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100 |
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0 |
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300 |
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0 |
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500 |
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0 |
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1.8.1.7 Exceedance Fuel
Equivalant exceedance fuel = Methane
Fuel Factor = 0.6034
1.8.2Pressure Decay with Distance Chart
1.8.2.1Overpressure
Raw plot data
1.8.3Warnings
1 - Congested region length outside experimental range 1 to 8 m 2 - Congested region width outside experimental range 1 to 8 m 3 - Congested region height outside experimental range 1 to 4 m 4 - Number of grids for length outside experimental range 4 to 30
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5 - Number of grids for width outside experimental range 4 to 30 6 - Requested contour is greater than source pressure
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