Demand and Supply

Demand is the quantity of goods that wish to buy at each price. Other things equal, at lot prices the demanded quantity is higher. Supply is the quantity of goods that sellers wish to sell at each price. Other things equal, when prices are high, the supplied quantity is high as well.

The market is in equilibrium when the price regulates the quantity supplied by producers and the quantity demanded by consumers. When prices are not so high as the equilibrium price, there is excess demand (storage) raising the price. At prices above the equilibrium price, there is excess supply (surplus) reducing the price. There are some factors influencing demand for good, such as the prices of other goods, consumer incomes and some others.

As consumer income is increased, demand for a normal good will also increase but demand for an inferior good will decrease. A normal good is a good for which demand increases when incomes rise. An inferior good is a good for which demand falls when incomes rise.

As to supply, some factors are assumed as constant. Among them are technology, the input price, as well as degree of government regulation. An improvement in technology is as important for increasing the supplied quantity of good as a reduction in input prices.

6. Задайте к тексту 5 специальных вопросов, 5 общих вопросов, 3 альтернативных вопроса и 3 разделительных вопроса.

7. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы к тексту.

1. Whatis demand?

2. What is supply?

3. When are the demanded and supplied quantities of goods high?

4. How are prices and the supplied and demanded quantities regulated by the market?

5. Which factors influenced demand?

6. Which factors influenced supply?

7. How can government regulate demand and supply?

6. Составьте рассказ о себе, обращая внимание на вопросы.

1. What is your name?

2. How old are you?

3. What are you? What is your profession?

4. Do you like your job or not? Why?

5. Is your office at the centre of the city?

6. What are your hobbies and special interests?

Контрольная работа №2 (Вариант 1)

Для того чтобы правильно выполнить контрольную работу, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса:

1. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

2. Времена группы Continuous (Present, Past, Future)

3. Основные формы глагола (правильные, неправильные).

4. Употребление much/many, few/little.

I. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами.

1. People mustn’t ______ lessons of history. forget to forget

2. Peter and Mike ______ work overtime this month. have to has to

3. She ______ look after her little sister. has to have to haves to

4. My father ______ promotion next month. mights get might gets might get

5. The children ______ go to bed in time. is to are to

6.. They ______ finish the work by Thursday. don’t may don’t may to may not may not to

7. So, what ______ come out of this? will may may

8. We’ve got plenty of time. We _____ hurry. need not cannot

9. That’s a secret. You  ___ tell anybody. may not need not cannot

10. I can go on my own. You  _____ come with me. may not cannot need not

II. Раскройте скобки, обращая внимание на образование времен группы Continuous (Present, Past, Future).

Be quite, please. I (to try) to write a report.

Listen to those people. What language they (to speak)?

We (to held) negotiations, when the secretary brought coffee.

The company (to launch) new product during all last month.

Don’t come to my place tomorrow. I (to write) a report.

During the course you (to learn) about market research strategies.

III. Образуйте форму прошедшего времени в следующих глаголах.

To be, to keep, to held, to fill, to develop, to find, to keep, to translate, to work, to hear, to discuss, to load, to launch.

IV. Поставьте следующие предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную форму.

1. We shall be meeting our partners tomorrow at 4 p. m.

The company will be developing a new product all the next month.

Nowadays cars are getting more and more expensive.

Mr. Brown is trying to find new clients.

While she was working as a model she met her future husband.

They I was driving to London, when saw a house without roof.

V. Заполните пропуски словами much/many, few/little.

1. When we walked _____ farther down the road, we met another group of students.

2. At the conference we met _____ people whom we know well.

3. There are very _____ old houses left in our street. Most of them have already been pulled down.

4. If you have _____ spare time, look through this contract.

5. There are _____ things here which I cannot understand.

6. Robert wrote so _____ letters that he’s never going to write a letter again.

VI. Прочитайте текст и переведите его письменно.