V. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past или Future Simple.

1. They (to come) to the office every morning.

2. This company (to manufacture) antispy products.

3. Mr. Brown (to run) the company last year.

4. They (to launch) new product to the market two weeks ago.

5. We (to send) you information tomorrow.

6. He (to open) his first subsidiary next month.

6. Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную форму.

1. They manufacture and distribute beauty products.

2. The Head Office of the company was in Dublin.

3. The company will open their first subsidiary next year.

4. He has a large bank account.

5. He deals with different companies.

6. She is in many kinds of business.

7. They invest heavily in shipping.

8. We shall spend a lot of money on market research.

6. Прочитайте текст и переведите письменно 2, 3 и 4 абзацы.

Demand and Supply

Demand is the quantity of goods that wish to buy at each price. Other things equal, at lot prices the demanded quantity is higher. Supply is the quantity of goods that sellers wish to sell at each price. Other things equal, when prices are high, the supplied quantity is high as well.

The market is in equilibrium when the price regulates the quantity supplied by producers and the quantity demanded by consumers. When prices are not so high as the equilibrium price, there is excess demand (storage) raising the price. At prices above the equilibrium price, there is excess supply (surplus) reducing the price. There are some factors influencing demand for good, such as the prices of other goods, consumer incomes and some others.

As consumer income is increased, demand for a normal good will also increase but demand for an inferior good will decrease. A normal good is a good for which demand increases when incomes rise. An inferior good is a good for which demand falls when incomes rise.

As to supply, some factors are assumed as constant. Among them are technology, the input price, as well as degree of government regulation. An improvement in technology is as important for increasing the supplied quantity of good as a reduction in input prices.

6. Задайте к тексту 5 специальных вопросов, 5 общих вопросов, 3 альтернативных вопроса и 3 разделительных вопроса.

7. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы к тексту.

1. What is demand?

2. What is supply?

3. When are the demanded and supplied quantities of goods high?

4. How are prices and the supplied and demanded quantities regulated by the market?

5. Which factors influenced demand?

6. Which factors influenced supply?

7. How can government regulate demand and supply?

6. Составьте рассказ о себе, обращая внимание на вопросы.

1. What is your name?

2. How old are you?

3. What are you? What is your profession?

4. Do you like your job or not? Why?

5. Is your office at the centre of the city?

6. What are your hobbies and special interests?

Контрольная работа №2 (Вариант 1)

Для того чтобы правильно выполнить контрольную работу, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса:

1. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

2. Времена группы Continuous (Present, Past, Future)

3. Основные формы глагола (правильные, неправильные).

4. Употребление much/many, few/little.

I. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами.

1. People mustn’t ______ lessons of history. forget to forget

2. Peter and Mike ______ work overtime this month. have to has to

3. She ______ look after her little sister. has to have to haves to

4. My father ______ promotion next month. mights get might gets might get

5. The children ______ go to bed in time. is to are to

6.. They ______ finish the work by Thursday. don’t may don’t may to may not may not to

7. So, what ______ come out of this? will may may

8. We’ve got plenty of time. We _____ hurry. need not cannot

9. That’s a secret. You  ___ tell anybody. may not need not cannot

10. I can go on my own. You  _____ come with me. may not cannot need not

II. Раскройте скобки, обращая внимание на образование времен группы Continuous (Present, Past, Future).

Be quite, please. I (to try) to write a report.

Listen to those people. What language they (to speak)?

We (to held) negotiations, when the secretary brought coffee.

The company (to launch) new product during all last month.

Don’t come to my place tomorrow. I (to write) a report.

During the course you (to learn) about market research strategies.

III. Образуйте форму прошедшего времени в следующих глаголах.

To be, to keep, to held, to fill, to develop, to find, to keep, to translate, to work, to hear, to discuss, to load, to launch.

IV. Поставьте следующие предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную форму.

1. We shall be meeting our partners tomorrow at 4 p. m.

The company will be developing a new product all the next month.

Nowadays cars are getting more and more expensive.

Mr. Brown is trying to find new clients.

While she was working as a model she met her future husband.

They I was driving to London, when saw a house without roof.

V. Заполните пропуски словами much/many, few/little.

1. When we walked _____ farther down the road, we met another group of students.

2. At the conference we met _____ people whom we know well.

3. There are very _____ old houses left in our street. Most of them have already been pulled down.

4. If you have _____ spare time, look through this contract.

5. There are _____ things here which I cannot understand.

6. Robert wrote so _____ letters that he’s never going to write a letter again.

VI. Прочитайте текст и переведите его письменно.

Theory of Demand

Consumer demand is the quantities of a particular good that an individual consumer wants and is able to buy as the price varies, it all other factors influencing demand are constant.

That is, consumer demand is the relationship between the quantity demanded for the good and its price. The factors assumed constant are prices of other goods, income, and a number of no economic factors, such as social, physiological, demographic characteristics of the consumer in question (о котором идет речь).

The theory of demand is based on the assumption that the consumer having budget constant seeks to reach the maximum possible level of utility, that is, to maximize utility, but he usually prefers to obtain more rather than less. The consumer has to solve the problem choice. Provided he is to maintain a given level of utility, increase in the quantity of one good must be followed by regulations in the quantity of the other good. The consumer has to choose the specific goods within the limits imposed by his budget.

Market demand is the quantities of good that all consumers in a practical market want and are able to buy as price varies and as all other factors are assumed constant. Market demand depends not only on the factors affecting individual demands, but also on the number of consumers in the market. The law of demand also works with market demand.

VII. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

What is the consumer demand?

What factors influencing consumer demand are assumed constant?

What is the principal assumption of the demand theory?

Which choice does the consumer have to make?

What is market demand?

In what way does market demand differ from individual demand?

VIII. Составьте предложения из двух подходящих по смыслу частей.

1. Increase in the utility of one good can compensate	a. the quantity demanded is equal to the quantity supplied.
2. Equilibrium price is the price at which	b. to restrict import expenditure.
3. the marginal utility of a good is the increase in	c. that is, industry based on agricultural products.
4. There are different ways	d. an absolute fall of demand for inferior goods.
5. Over 60% of the capital of all US firms is in agro-industry	e. is still higher than in Japan.
6. Higher expenditure on foreign goods rather than on the goods produced at home	f. the utility obtained by consuming one more unit of that good.
7. Rising incomes result in	g. the reduction of utility of another good.
8. Per capita (на душу населения) income in the United States	h. will increase demand for foreign goods.

IX. Выпишите все коммерческие и экономические термины, которые встречались в тексте и переведите их на русский язык.