Nagios
Wolfgang Barth
Nagios
System and Network Monitoring
Munich |
San Francisco |
NAGIOS. Copyright c 2006 Open Source Press GmbH
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phone: 415.863.9900; fax: 415.863.9950; info@nostarch.com; http://www.nostarch.com
Original edition c 2005 Open Source Press GmbH Published by Open Source Press GmbH, Munich, Germany Publisher: Dr. Markus Wirtz
Original ISBN 3-937514-09-0
For information on translations, please contact
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Barth, Wolfgang
Nagios : system and network monitoring / Wolfgang Barth.-- 1st ed. p. cm.
Includes index. ISBN 1-59327-070-4
1. Computer networks--Management--Automation. I. Title. TK5105.5.B374 2005 004.6--dc22
2005026745
Contents
Introduction |
15 |
From Source Code to a Running Installation |
23 |
1 Installation |
25 |
1.1Compiling the Source Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1.2Installing and Testing Plugins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
|
1.2.1 |
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
30 |
|
1.2.2 |
Plugin test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
32 |
1.3 |
Configuration of the Web Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
33 |
|
|
1.3.1 Setting Up Apache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
33 |
|
|
1.3.2 |
User Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
34 |
2 Nagios Configuration |
37 |
||
2.1 |
The Main Configuration File nagios.cfg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
38 |
|
2.2 |
Objects—an Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
41 |
|
2.3Defining the Machines to Be Monitored, with host . . . . . . . . . 44
2.4Grouping Computers Together with hostgroup . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.5Defining Services to Be Monitored with service . . . . . . . . . . . 47
2.6 Grouping Services Together with servicegroup . . . . . . . . . . . 50
2.7Defining Addressees for Error Messages: contact . . . . . . . . . . 50
2.8The Message Recipient: contactgroup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
2.9 |
When Nagios Needs to Do Something: the command Object . . . |
53 |
2.10 |
Defining a Time Period with timeperiod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
54 |
5
Contents
2.11 Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2.12Configuration Aids for Those Too Lazy to Type . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
2.12.1Defining services for several computers . . . . . . . . . . . 56
2.12.2One host group for all computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
2.12.3Other configuration aids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
2.13CGI Configuration in cgi.cfg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
2.14The Resources File resource.cfg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3 Startup |
61 |
3.1Checking the Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.2Getting Monitoring Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
3.2.1 Manual start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
3.2.2Automatic start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
3.2.3Making configuration changes come into effect . . . . . . 64
3.3 Overview of the Web Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
In More Detail . . . |
69 |
4 Nagios Basics |
71 |
4.1 Taking into Account the Network Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
72 |
4.2Forced Host Checks vs. Periodic Reachability Tests . . . . . . . . . . 75
4.3 States of Hosts and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
75 |
5 Service Checks and How They Are Performed |
79 |
5.1Testing Network Services Directly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
5.2 |
Running Plugins via Secure Shell on the Remote Computer . . . . |
82 |
5.3 |
The Nagios Remote Plugin Executor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
82 |
5.4 |
Monitoring via SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
83 |
5.5The Nagios Service Check Acceptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
6 Plugins for Network Services |
85 |
6.1 Standard Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
87 |
6.2Reachability Test with Ping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
6.2.1 check_icmp as a service check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
6
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6.2.2check_icmp as a host check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
6.3Monitoring Mail Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
6.3.1Monitoring SMTP with check_smtp . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
6.3.2 POP and IMAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
6.4Monitoring FTP and Web Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
6.4.1FTP services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
6.4.2Web server control via HTTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
6.4.3Monitoring Web proxies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
6.5 Domain Name Server under Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
6.5.1DNS check with nslookup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
6.5.2Monitoring the name server with dig . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
6.6Querying the Secure Shell Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
6.7 Generic Network Plugins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
6.7.1Testing TCP ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
6.7.2 Monitoring UDP ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
6.8Monitoring Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
|
6.8.1 |
PostgreSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
115 |
|
6.8.2 |
MySQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
119 |
6.9 |
Monitoring LDAP Directory Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
121 |
|
6.10 |
Checking a DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
124 |
|
6.11 |
Monitoring UPS with the Network UPS Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . |
126 |
|
7 Testing Local Resources |
133 |
||
7.1 |
Free Hard Drive Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
134 |
|
7.2Utilization of the Swap Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
7.3Testing the System Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
7.4 Monitoring Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
7.5Checking Log Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
|
7.5.1 |
The standard plugin check_log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
142 |
|
7.5.2 |
The modern variation: check_logs.pl . . . . . . . . . . . . |
143 |
7.6 |
Keeping Tabs on the Number of Logged-in Users . . . . . . . . . . |
144 |
|
7.7 |
Checking the System Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
145 |
|
|
7.7.1 |
Checking the system time via NTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
145 |
7
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7.7.2 |
Checking system time with the time protocol . . . . . . . 146 |
7.8Regularly Checking the Status of the Mail Queue . . . . . . . . . . 147
7.9 Keeping an Eye on the Modification Date of a File . . . . . . . . . 148
7.10Monitoring UPSs with apcupsd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
7.11Nagios Monitors Itself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
7.11.1Running the plugin manually with a script . . . . . . . . . 151
7.11.2check_nagios as a tool for CGI programs . . . . . . . . . . 152
7.12 |
Hardware Checks with LM Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
152 |
7.13 |
The Dummy Plugin for Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
154 |
8 Manipulating Plugin Output |
155 |
|
8.1Negating Plugin Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
8.2Inserting Hyperlinks with urlize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
9 Executing Plugins via SSH |
157 |
9.1The check_by_ssh Plugin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
9.2Configuring SSH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 9.2.1 Generating SSH key pairs on the Nagios server . . . . . . . 160
9.2.2 |
Setting up the user nagios on the target host . . . . . . . |
161 |
9.2.3 |
Checking the SSH connection and check_by_ssh . . . . . |
161 |
9.3 Nagios Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
162 |
|
10 The Nagios Remote Plugin Executor (NRPE) |
165 |
|
10.1Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
10.1.1Distribution-specific packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
10.1.2Installation from the source code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
10.2Starting via the inet Daemon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
10.2.1xinetd configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
|
10.2.2 |
inetd configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
169 |
10.3 |
NRPE Configuration on the Computer to Be Monitored . . . . . . . |
170 |
|
|
10.3.1 |
Passing parameters on to local plugins . . . . . . . . . . . |
171 |
10.4 |
Nagios Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
172 |
|
|
10.4.1 |
NRPE without passing parameters on . . . . . . . . . . . . |
172 |
|
10.4.2 |
Passing parameters on in NRPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
173 |
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10.4.3 Optimizing the configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
173 |
10.5 Indirect Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
174 |
11 Collecting Information Relevant for Monitoring with SNMP |
177 |
11.1Introduction to SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 11.1.1 The Management Information Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
|
11.1.2 |
SNMP protocol versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
183 |
11.2 |
NET-SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
184 |
|
|
11.2.1 Tools for SNMP requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
184 |
|
|
11.2.2 |
The NET-SNMP daemon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
187 |
11.3 |
Nagios’s Own SNMP Plugins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
196 |
|
11.3.1The generic SNMP plugin check_snmp . . . . . . . . . . . 196
11.3.2Checking several interfaces simultaneously . . . . . . . . . 201
11.3.3Testing the operating status of individual interfaces . . . . 203
11.4Other SNMP-based Plugins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
11.4.1Monitoring hard drive space and processes with nagios- snmp-plugins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
11.4.2Observing the load on network interfaces with checkiftraffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
11.4.3The manubulon.com plugins for special application pur-
poses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
209 |
12 The Nagios Notification System |
215 |
12.1Who Should be Informed of What, When? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
12.2When Does a Message Occur? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
12.3The Message Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
12.3.1 |
Switching messages on and off systemwide . . . . . . . . |
218 |
12.3.2 Enabling and suppressing computer and service-related |
|
|
|
messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
219 |
12.3.3 Person-related filter options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
221 |
|
12.3.4 |
Case examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
222 |
12.4External Notification Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
12.4.1Notification via e-mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
12.4.2Notification via SMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
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12.5Escalation Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
12.6Dependences between Hosts and Services as a Filter Criterion . . . 234 12.6.1 The standard case: service dependencies . . . . . . . . . . 234
12.6.2 Only in exceptional cases: host dependencies . . . . . . . |
238 |
13 Passive Tests with the External Command File |
239 |
13.1 The Interface for External Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
240 |
13.2Passive Service Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
13.3Passive Host Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
13.4 |
Reacting to Out-of-Date Information of Passive Checks . . . . . . |
243 |
14 The Nagios Service Check Acceptor (NSCA) |
247 |
|
14.1 |
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
248 |
14.2 |
Configuring the Nagios Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
249 |
14.2.1The configuration file nsca.cfg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
14.2.2Configurung the inet daemon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
14.3Client-side Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
14.4 Sending Test Results to the Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
14.5Application Example I: Integrating syslog and Nagios . . . . . . . . 254 14.5.1 Preparing syslog-ng for use with Nagios . . . . . . . . . . 255
14.5.2 Nagios configuration: volatile services . . . . . . . . . . . 257
14.5.3Resetting error states manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
14.6Application Example II: Processing SNMP Traps . . . . . . . . . . . 260
14.6.1 |
Receiving traps with snmptrapd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
260 |
14.6.2 |
Passing on traps to NSCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
261 |
14.6.3 |
The matching service definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
263 |
15 Distributed Monitoring |
265 |
|
15.1Switching On the OCSP/OCHP Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
15.2Defining OCSP/OCHP Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
15.3Practical Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
10
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15.3.1Avoiding redundancy in configuration files . . . . . . . . . 269
15.3.2Defining templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
16 The Web Interface |
273 |
||
16.1 |
Recognizing and Acting On Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
275 |
|
|
16.1.1 |
Comments on problematic hosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
276 |
|
16.1.2 |
Taking responsibility for problems: acknowledgements . . |
278 |
16.2 |
An Overview of the Individual CGI Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
279 |
|
|
16.2.1 |
Variations in status display: status.cgi . . . . . . . . . . . |
279 |
16.2.2Additional information and control center: extinfo.cgi . . 284
16.2.3Interface for external commands: cmd.cgi . . . . . . . . . 288
16.2.4 The most important things at a glance: tac.cgi . . . . . . 290
16.2.5Network plan: the topological map of the network (statusmap.cgi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
16.2.6Navigation in 3D: statuswrl.cgi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
16.2.7Querying the status with a cell phone: statuswml.cgi . . . 295
16.2.8Analyzing disrupted partial networks: outages.cgi . . . . . 295
16.2.9Querying the object definition with config.cgi . . . . . . . 295
16.2.10 Availability statistics: avail.cgi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
16.2.11What events occur, how often? histogram.cgi . . . . . . . 298
16.2.12Filtering log entries after specific states: history.cgi . . . . 299
16.2.13 |
Who was told what, when? notifications.cgi . . . . . . . |
300 |
16.2.14 |
Showing all logfile entries: showlog.cgi . . . . . . . . . . |
301 |
16.2.15 |
Evaluating whatever you want: summary.cgi . . . . . . . |
301 |
16.2.16 |
Following states graphically over time: trends.cgi . . . . . |
303 |
16.3 Planning Downtimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
304 |
|
16.3.1 |
Maintenance periods for hosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
305 |
16.3.2 Downtime for services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
16.4Additional Information on Hosts and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
16.4.1 |
Extended host information . . . . . . . . . |
. . . . . . . . |
307 |
16.4.2 |
Extended service information . . . . . . . . |
. . . . . . . . |
310 |
16.5 Configuration Changes through the Web Interfaces: |
the Restart |
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|
Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
. . . . . . . . |
311 |
|
11
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17 Graphic Display of Performance Data |
313 |
17.1 Processing Plugin Performance Data with Nagios . . . . . . . . . . |
314 |
17.1.1 The template mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
314 |
17.1.2Using external commands to process performance data . . 317
17.2Graphs for the Web with Nagiosgraph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
17.2.1Basic installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
17.2.2Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
17.3 Preparing Performance Data for Evaluation with Perf2rrd . . . . . |
325 |
17.3.1 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
326 |
17.3.2Nagios configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
17.3.3Perf2rrd in practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
17.4The Graphics Specialist drraw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
17.4.1 |
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
330 |
17.4.2 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
331 |
|
17.4.3 |
Practical application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
332 |
17.5 Automated to a Large Extent: NagiosGrapher . . . . . . . . . . . . |
336 |
|
17.5.1 |
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
336 |
17.5.2 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
17.6Other tools and the limits of graphic evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . 349
Special Applications |
351 |
||
18 Monitoring Windows Servers |
353 |
||
18.1 NSClient and NC |
|
Net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
354 |
18.1.1 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
354 |
||
18.1.2The check_nt plugin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
18.1.3Commands which can be run with NSClient and NC Net . 356
18.1.4 |
Advanced functions of NC |
|
Net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
363 |
||
18.2 NRPE for Windows: NRPE |
|
NT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
371 |
|||
18.2.1 Installation and configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
372 |
|||||
18.2.2 |
Function test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
373 |
||||
18.2.3The Cygwin plugins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
18.2.4Perl plugins in Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
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Contents
19 Monitoring Room Temperature and Humidity |
377 |
||
19.1 |
Sensors and Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
378 |
|
|
19.1.1 |
The PCMeasure software for Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
378 |
|
19.1.2 |
The query protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
379 |
19.2 |
The Nagios Plugin check_pcmeasure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
379 |
|
20 Monitoring SAP Systems |
383 |
20.1 Checking without a Login: sapinfo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
384 |
20.1.1 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
384 |
20.1.2First test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
20.1.3The plugin check_sap.sh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
20.2 Monitoring with SAP’s Own Monitoring System (CCMS) . . . . . . 388
20.2.1CCMS—a short overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
20.2.2Obtaining the necessary SAP usage permissions for Nagios 390
20.2.3Monitors and templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
|
|
20.2.4 |
The CCMS plugins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
394 |
|
|
20.2.5 |
Performance optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
398 |
Appendixes |
|
399 |
||
A |
Rapidly Alternating States: Flapping |
401 |
||
|
A.1 |
Flap Detection with Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
402 |
|
|
|
A.1.1 |
Nagios configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
403 |
|
|
A.1.2 |
The history memory and the chronological progression of |
|
|
|
|
the changes in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
404 |
|
|
A.1.3 |
Representation in the Web interface . . . . . . . . . . . . |
404 |
|
A.2 |
Flap Detection for Hosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
406 |
|
B |
Event Handlers |
409 |
||
|
B.1 |
Execution Times for the Event Handler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
410 |
|
|
B.2 |
Defining the Event Handler in the Service Definition . . . . . . . . |
411 |
|
|
B.3 |
The Handler Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
411 |
|
|
B.4 |
Things to Note When Using Event Handlers . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
413 |
|
13
Contents
C Writing Your Own Plugins: Monitoring Oracle with the |
|
||
Instant Client |
415 |
||
C.1 |
Installing the Oracle Instant Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
416 |
|
C.2 |
Establishing a Connection to the Oracle Database . . . . . . . . . . |
417 |
|
C.3 |
A Wrapper Plugin for sqlplus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
417 |
|
|
C.3.1 |
How the wrapper works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
418 |
|
C.3.2 |
The Perl plugin in detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
419 |
D An Overview of the Nagios Configuration Parameters |
423 |
||
D.1 |
The Main Configuration File nagios.cfg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
424 |
|
D.2 |
CGI Configuration in cgi.cfg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
443 |
|
|
D.2.1 |
Authentication parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
443 |
|
D.2.2 |
Other Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
444 |
Index |
|
|
447 |
14