- •«Финансовый университет
- •Предисловие
- •Часть 1:
- •Часть 2:
- •Into the Modern Era (1950s – Present)
- •Vocabulary list
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Violence in Schools
- •Ian says:
- •Unit II
- •Vocabulary list
- •Text b What are Microeconomics and Macroeconomics?
- •Vocabulary List
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Part 2 Text a The system of higher education in the United States
- •Text b Education in the United States
- •Community Colleges
- •The Ivy League
- •Glossary
- •Unit III
- •Opportunity Costs
- •Vocabulary list
- •Planned Economies
- •Market Economies
- •Vocabulary list
- •Mixed Economy
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •How to Choose a University Course
- •Unit IV Part 1 Competition
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary List
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Part 2 TextA
- •Strengths and Weaknesses of a Student
- •How to be motivated to start studying
- •Instructions:
- •Tips & warnings
- •How to be a good student
- •Instructions:
- •Unit V Part 1 Money: History and Functions
- •History of the word “money”
- •Functions of money
- •Money as a medium of exchange
- •Money as a store of value
- •Money as a unit of account
- •Vocabulary list
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Money and the Meaning of Life
- •Respect & recognition
- •Personal satisfaction
- •Unit VI Part 1 Forms of Money
- •Commodity money
- •Metallic money
- •Metallic coins
- •History Paper money
- •Obligations
- •Gold Standard
- •Gold Exchange Standard
- •Vocabulary List
- •Intrinsic value, bill of exchange, scarcity, durability, fiat money, nominal value, gold standard, legal tender
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •It’s All Who You Know
- •The Effect of Part-Time Jobs on Students
- •Unit VII
- •Movements in individual prices and in the general price level
- •Measurement issues
- •Consumer Price Index
- •Measurement problems
- •Nominal and real variables
- •Vocabulary list
- •Hyperinflation
- •Vocabulary list
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Part 2 From College to Career
- •Navigate Change: 3 Tips to Manage the Transition from College to Career
- •1. Small Steps
- •2. Small Dreams
- •3. Big Belief
- •1. Do you prefer to study…
- •2. Do you study best…
- •3. Do you prefer to work…
- •Goldsmith to Banker
- •Vocabulary list
- •Text b The Bank of England
- •Vocabulary list
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Career: Economist
- •Unit IX Part 1 Globalization
- •The Pros and Cons of Globalization
- •Vocabularylist
- •Interaction, globalization, cross-border, controversial, vulnerability, interdependence, integration
- •Text b Russia and Globalization
- •Vocabulary list
- •Writing
- •Part 2 Why learn languages?
- •10 Good reasons why you should be learning a foreign language
- •Text a British educational and foreign language policy
- •I. Single European Market
- •II. European Monetary Institute
- •III. Ecb and the euro
- •Vocabulary List
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Part 2 Defining a 21st Century Education: At a Glance
- •Appendix I Communication Skills
- •Greetings and Introductions
- •Introductions – Social Language
- •Informal Greetings: Arriving
- •Informal Greetings: Departing
- •Travel Greetings - Social Language
- •Social Contacts: Starting a Conversation
- •Five Basic Facts
- •Hobbies / Free Time
- •Social Contacts: Speaking to Strangers; Special Days
- •Interrupting
- •Special Days
- •Social Contacts: Small Talk
- •Social Contacts: First Name, Last Name Or Title?
- •Expressing opinion
- •Making Suggestions
- •Construction
- •Stating a Preference
- •Construction
- •Disagreeing
- •Giving Advice
- •Construction
- •Contrasting Ideas
- •Construction
- •Asking for Information and Explanations
- •Construction
- •Task: Make up short dialogues using the above constructions. Demanding Explanations
- •Construction
- •Telephoning (I) Telephone English - Important Phrases
- •Telephone English - Leaving Messages
- •Telephoning (II) Business Telephone Conversation Patterns
- •Interrupting
- •Negotiations
- •Glossary
- •Negotiations Stages. The language
- •1 Opening the Negotiations
- •2 Clarifying Proposals
- •3 Exploring the Zone of Bargaining and Options
- •4 Bargaining
- •5 Entering the Critical Phase
- •Identifying obstacles:
- •6 Closing
- •The Negotiation Process
- •Language to use to show understanding/agreement on a point:
- •Language to use for objection on a point or offer:
- •Markus Opens the Negotiations
- •Appendix II
- •Summary Writing
- •If you must use the words of the author, cite them.
- •Gist Writing
- •Getting the gist
- •Appendix III
- •I. Preparation and Planning
- •I.1 Essential Preparation and Planning Checklist
- •I.2 Other questions concerning physical aspects.
- •II. Structure of an Oral Presentation
- •II.1.D Give title and introduce subject
- •II.1.E Give your objectives (purpose, aim, goals)
- •II.1.F Announce your outline.
- •II.3 The end or conclusion
- •II.3.A Content
- •II.3.B Dealing with difficult questions
- •Summary of Part II
- •III. Visuals
- •Vocabulary of graphs/chart
- •IV. A Relationship with the Audience
- •V. Body Language
- •VI. Voice and Pronunciation
- •Заключение
- •List of Literature
- •Internet sources:
- •Благодарности
- •Contents
Construction
|
Formula |
Example |
Explanation |
|
main statement, but contrasting statement |
I'd really like to come to the film, but I have to study tonight. |
Use a comma or semi colon (;) with 'but'. 'But' is the most common way to show contrasting ideas. |
|
main statement, in spite of contrasting statement OR in spite of contrasting statement, main statement |
They continued on their journey, in spite of the pouring rain. |
Use 'in spite of' plus a noun, noun phrase or gerund |
|
main statement, despite contrasting statement OR Despite contrasting statement, main statement |
They continued on their journey, despite the pouring rain. |
Use 'despite' plus a noun, noun phrase or gerund |
|
main statement, although contrasting statement OR Although contrasting statement, main statement |
We wanted to buy a sports car, although we knew that fast cars can be dangerous. |
Use 'although' with a subject and a verb. |
Task: Make up short dialogues contrasting your ideas. Use the above constructions.
to plan something - to be prevented from
to continue - to face difficulties
hardships - to make a decision
disagreement - compromise
to have different opinions - to come to an agreement
to invest - to be short of money
Asking for Information and Explanations
There are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English. Here are some of the most common:
Couldyoutellme...?
Doyouknow...?
Do you happen to know...?
I'dliketoknow...
Couldyoufindout...?
I'minterestedin...
I'mlookingfor..
These two forms are used for asking for information on the telephone:
I'm calling to find out...
I'mcallingabout...
Construction
|
Formula |
QuestionWord |
ExampleFinish |
|
Couldyoutellme |
when |
thenexttrainleaves? |
|
Doyouknow |
howmuch |
thatvasecosts? |
|
Do you happen to know |
where |
Tomlives? |
|
I'dliketoknow |
what |
you think about the new project. |
|
Couldyoutellme |
when |
thenexttrainleaves? |
|
Couldyoufindout |
when |
she is going to arrive? |
|
Formula |
Gerund (-ing) |
ExampleFinish |
|
I'minterestedin |
buying |
a boat |
|
|
|
|
|
Formula |
Noun |
ExampleFinish |
|
I'mlookingfor
|
informationon |
holidaysinSpain. |
|
Formula used only on the telphone |
QuestionWord |
ExampleFinish |
|
I'm calling to find out... |
if |
flight AZ098 will leave on time today. |
|
|
|
|
|
Formula used only on the telphone |
Noun |
ExampleFinish |
|
I'mcallingabout... |
theoffer |
publishedintoday'snewspaper. |
Task: Make up short dialogues using the above constructions. Demanding Explanations
Sometimes, things happen that we would like explained and we must demand explanations. For example, if you have just bought a new computer and there is a problem, but the shop assistant says that the guaranty does not cover the problem. There are a number of formulas used when demanding explanations in English. Herearesomeofthemostcommon:
Can you tell me why...
I don'tunderstandwhy...
Canyouexplainwhy…
Whyisitthat...
Howcome...
Doesthismean...
Do you really expect me to believe...