
- •«Финансовый университет
- •Предисловие
- •Часть 1:
- •Часть 2:
- •Into the Modern Era (1950s – Present)
- •Vocabulary list
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Violence in Schools
- •Ian says:
- •Unit II
- •Vocabulary list
- •Text b What are Microeconomics and Macroeconomics?
- •Vocabulary List
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Part 2 Text a The system of higher education in the United States
- •Text b Education in the United States
- •Community Colleges
- •The Ivy League
- •Glossary
- •Unit III
- •Opportunity Costs
- •Vocabulary list
- •Planned Economies
- •Market Economies
- •Vocabulary list
- •Mixed Economy
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •How to Choose a University Course
- •Unit IV Part 1 Competition
- •Vocabulary List
- •Vocabulary List
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Part 2 TextA
- •Strengths and Weaknesses of a Student
- •How to be motivated to start studying
- •Instructions:
- •Tips & warnings
- •How to be a good student
- •Instructions:
- •Unit V Part 1 Money: History and Functions
- •History of the word “money”
- •Functions of money
- •Money as a medium of exchange
- •Money as a store of value
- •Money as a unit of account
- •Vocabulary list
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Money and the Meaning of Life
- •Respect & recognition
- •Personal satisfaction
- •Unit VI Part 1 Forms of Money
- •Commodity money
- •Metallic money
- •Metallic coins
- •History Paper money
- •Obligations
- •Gold Standard
- •Gold Exchange Standard
- •Vocabulary List
- •Intrinsic value, bill of exchange, scarcity, durability, fiat money, nominal value, gold standard, legal tender
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •It’s All Who You Know
- •The Effect of Part-Time Jobs on Students
- •Unit VII
- •Movements in individual prices and in the general price level
- •Measurement issues
- •Consumer Price Index
- •Measurement problems
- •Nominal and real variables
- •Vocabulary list
- •Hyperinflation
- •Vocabulary list
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Part 2 From College to Career
- •Navigate Change: 3 Tips to Manage the Transition from College to Career
- •1. Small Steps
- •2. Small Dreams
- •3. Big Belief
- •1. Do you prefer to study…
- •2. Do you study best…
- •3. Do you prefer to work…
- •Goldsmith to Banker
- •Vocabulary list
- •Text b The Bank of England
- •Vocabulary list
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Career: Economist
- •Unit IX Part 1 Globalization
- •The Pros and Cons of Globalization
- •Vocabularylist
- •Interaction, globalization, cross-border, controversial, vulnerability, interdependence, integration
- •Text b Russia and Globalization
- •Vocabulary list
- •Writing
- •Part 2 Why learn languages?
- •10 Good reasons why you should be learning a foreign language
- •Text a British educational and foreign language policy
- •I. Single European Market
- •II. European Monetary Institute
- •III. Ecb and the euro
- •Vocabulary List
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Part 2 Defining a 21st Century Education: At a Glance
- •Appendix I Communication Skills
- •Greetings and Introductions
- •Introductions – Social Language
- •Informal Greetings: Arriving
- •Informal Greetings: Departing
- •Travel Greetings - Social Language
- •Social Contacts: Starting a Conversation
- •Five Basic Facts
- •Hobbies / Free Time
- •Social Contacts: Speaking to Strangers; Special Days
- •Interrupting
- •Special Days
- •Social Contacts: Small Talk
- •Social Contacts: First Name, Last Name Or Title?
- •Expressing opinion
- •Making Suggestions
- •Construction
- •Stating a Preference
- •Construction
- •Disagreeing
- •Giving Advice
- •Construction
- •Contrasting Ideas
- •Construction
- •Asking for Information and Explanations
- •Construction
- •Task: Make up short dialogues using the above constructions. Demanding Explanations
- •Construction
- •Telephoning (I) Telephone English - Important Phrases
- •Telephone English - Leaving Messages
- •Telephoning (II) Business Telephone Conversation Patterns
- •Interrupting
- •Negotiations
- •Glossary
- •Negotiations Stages. The language
- •1 Opening the Negotiations
- •2 Clarifying Proposals
- •3 Exploring the Zone of Bargaining and Options
- •4 Bargaining
- •5 Entering the Critical Phase
- •Identifying obstacles:
- •6 Closing
- •The Negotiation Process
- •Language to use to show understanding/agreement on a point:
- •Language to use for objection on a point or offer:
- •Markus Opens the Negotiations
- •Appendix II
- •Summary Writing
- •If you must use the words of the author, cite them.
- •Gist Writing
- •Getting the gist
- •Appendix III
- •I. Preparation and Planning
- •I.1 Essential Preparation and Planning Checklist
- •I.2 Other questions concerning physical aspects.
- •II. Structure of an Oral Presentation
- •II.1.D Give title and introduce subject
- •II.1.E Give your objectives (purpose, aim, goals)
- •II.1.F Announce your outline.
- •II.3 The end or conclusion
- •II.3.A Content
- •II.3.B Dealing with difficult questions
- •Summary of Part II
- •III. Visuals
- •Vocabulary of graphs/chart
- •IV. A Relationship with the Audience
- •V. Body Language
- •VI. Voice and Pronunciation
- •Заключение
- •List of Literature
- •Internet sources:
- •Благодарности
- •Contents
Федеральное государственное образовательное бюджетное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
«Финансовый университет
ПРИ ПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВЕ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ»
(Финансовый Университет)
Кафедра «Иностранные языки»
М. В. Афанасьева
Английский язык
Учебное пособие по английскому языку. Мировая экономика.
Часть 1
Москва 2012
УДК 81(075.8)=111
ББК 81.2.Англ.73+65.5
А 94
Рецензенты: Е.В.Пономаренко,д.ф.н.,проф.кафедрыанглийского языка№5 ФГОУ ВПО МГИМО (Университет) МИД РФ;
О.Н.Кабанова, к.э.н. доц. (Финансовый университет)
А 94 Афанасьева М.В., Английский язык: Учебное пособие по английскому языку. Мировая экономика. Часть 1.
М.: Финансовый университет, 2013. 240с.
Данное учебное пособие является частью учебного комплекса, разработанного для базового и профессионального курсов английского языка в бакалавриате по направлению «Экономика», профили «Мировая экономика», «Международные финансы». Может быть использовано также для направления «Экономика без профиля».
Основной целью учебного пособия является формирование языковой, коммуникативной и межкультурной компетенции, необходимой для делового общения в профессиональной сфере. Учебное пособие подчинено единой структуре, и включает аутентичные оригинальные тексты. Все темы соответствуют программе и учебным планам подготовки бакалавров данного профиля.
Основу аппарата упражнений составляют коммуникативные упражнения, направленные на развитие творческого потенциала студентов.
Публикуется в авторской редакции УДК 81(075.8)=111
ББК 81.2.Англ.73+65.5
Предисловие
Данное учебное пособие является частью учебного комплекса, разработанного кафедрой «Иностранные языки» Финансового университета при Правительстве РФ для обучения в бакалавриате по направлению «Экономика», профили «Мировая экономика», «Международные финансы», «Экономика без профиля».
Учебное пособие разработано на основе современных методов обучения иностранному языку. Основной целью пособия является обучение практическому владению английским языком и формирование навыков делового и профессионального общения. В учебное пособие включены как тексты социокультурной тематики, так и профессионально-ориентированные тексты; при отборе языкового материала использован функционально-коммуникационный подход.
Пособие также ставит образовательные и воспитательные цели, которые реализуются путем расширения кругозора студентов и формирования коммуникативной и социокультурной компетенции.
Каждый из 10 уроков (Units) пособия состоит из 2-х разделов:
Часть 1:
Список слов и словосочетаний тематического характера, составленный на основе текста общеэкономической направленности и подлежащий активному усвоению.
Аппарат упражнений, направленных на формирование навыков чтения и коммуникации на основе профессионально-ориентированных текстов. Упражнения предусматривают также активное усвоение лексики, творческие задания для самостоятельной работы, а также задания, направленные на развитие навыков письменной речи.
Часть 2:
Текст социокультурной тематики, снабженный аппаратом упражнений, направленных на развитие творческого потенциала студентов и формирование коммуникативной компетенции.
Пособие включает в себя также три Приложения:
Appendix I Communication Skills
Appendix II Writing Skills
AppendixIIIOralPresentationSkills
В приложениях содержится теоретическая информация и методические указания для студентов, необходимые для формирования навыков коммуникации, в том числе социокультурной, письменной речи, а также навыков устной презентации. Приложения также включают упражнения, направленные на активизацию функциональной лексики.
Учебное пособие включает в себя такие темы как экономика США и Евросоюза, предмет экономики, рынок и конкуренция, история и функции денег, инфляция, глобализация, а также темы общеобразовательного характера: проблемы молодежи, важность изучения иностранных языков, образование в странах изучаемого языка и другие.
Функциональная лексика, подлежащая активному усвоению, предполагает следующие темы: знакомства, умение поддержать беседу, вести телефонные переговоры, проводить деловые встречи и т.д. Наряду с этим отрабатывается базовая функциональная лексика, связанная с получением информации, выражением согласия, несогласия, уверенности и т.п.
Текстовый материал пособия подобран на основе аутентичных источников и содержит только современные и актуальные материалы. Коммуникативный характер упражнений позволяет не только формировать у студентов навыки иноязычного общения, но и расширять их знания об окружающем мире и современных тенденциях.
Unit 1
Part 1
A History of the US Economy
economy superpower, recession, expansion, agricultural economy, industrial infrastructure, entrepreneurship, manufacturing, commerce, currency, mass production, “military-industrial complex”, labor union, consumer confidence, dot.com industries, global marketplace, unemployment
Text
A History of the US Economy
Once the world’s leading economic superpower, in the twentieth century America assumed the role of financial capital of the world. As America’s trade deficit continues to increase, much of America’s massive debt is now controlled by China, and a transfer of power seems to be in progress. But even amidst recession, the model of the American Dream still exists. Whether America and her dream can emerge unscathed in the coming years remains to be seen. It is a complex economic question, and one that cannot be separated from the global economy.
The Economy of Colonial America (Pre-1776)
Colonial America was a predominately agricultural economy. Even as the economy expanded over the decades of the eighteenth century, the colonies only moved slowly toward industrialization by the year of the Declaration of Independence, in 1776. Dynamic economic expansion occurred with population growth from births and immigration, but colonial Americans had naturally become increasingly self-sufficient.
Northern prosperity from the fur industry and fishing boosted the local economy .
By 1776, the standard of living of free white American society was already high, with abundant food and land supporting a comparatively high income. Officially sanctioned as a sovereign nation with the Treaty of Paris in 1783, the global economy of the United States of America is born.
The Constitution and Pre-Civil War Economy (1787 – 1850s)
From the writing of the United States Constitution in 1787, America’s economy saw tremendous growth. The Constitution provided a kind of “economic charter,” laying out regulation of both commerce and money by Congress. Most importantly, it opened the market of the United States territory. Open borders allowed for an internal free flow of goods and ideas. One exception was an unpopular tax on whiskey enacted in 1791 to help pay the national debt established and expanded as a consequence of the Revolutionary War. Thanks to a strong institutional core adopted from the British, America quickly caught up economically to her former ruler
American entrepreneurship was given free reign with the departure of British investments. Regional economic character developed with shipyards in New England, crops and furs in the middle colonies, and the plantation economy of the Old South. The idea of free enterprise has remained for the country’s economic development ever since.
There existed an intense debate over what kind of economy America should be. America’s third president, Thomas Jefferson, was a major proponent of the agrarian society.
America’s first Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton and his Federalist Party were proponents of a stronger central government in order to encourage manufacturing and commerce as the core of the new American economy. Hamilton further advocated for a national bank to back a strong currency and push policy that would generate capital to support young American industry.
The first half of the nineteenth century saw a frontier opened by significant developments in transportation. After the 1840s a new mode of transportation, the railroad, picked up the reigns of the American economy, and took it to places and heights it had never before seen. The east was finally and forever linked to the west with the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad in 1869. The railroads became the driving economic force of America in the second half of the nineteenth century, backed by governmental land grants and multi-national investments. By then, however, the United States economy had been hit by two major forces: the California Gold Rush and the Civil War.
The Economics of War
The 1848 discovery of gold in California not only drew hundreds of thousands of people out West; it also shifted the balance of economic attention of the United States. By the beginning of the Civil War in 1861, gold not only backed American currency. Before long, however, both the North and the South resorted to paper currency.
Reconstruction through the Roaring Twenties (1865 – 1929)
By the Civil War, already a third of the national economy was powered by manufacturing, most of which was in the North. Following the war, the American economy was driven by innovation and invention that spurred tremendous growth of the industrial infrastructure. In short, rapid development—and much of itwas a result of advances in mass production. Individual business enterprise became the backbone of the United States economy. It was a “Gilded Age” in America, built by entrepreneurs in manufacturing and commerce, which outpaced the economic contribution of agriculture by the beginning of the 20th century.
In the economic history of the United States, the early twentieth century remains critical for major advancements in technology. The steam- and water-powered economy received a jolt by the spread of modern electricity, and the advent of the automobile. Entering late into World War I, the United States was primed to shift its industry and vast amounts of raw materials to wartime.
At the time, America was sticking to a gold standard to back its currency, so avoiding simply printing additional money was meant to help preserve the standard, while preventing inflation. The war altered the American economy in many ways. The Federal Reserve assumed a more dominant role as New York became the financial center of the world. The federal government, in short, showed it could be a dominant force in the American economy.
Great Depression through World War II (1929 – 1945)
The two most influential economic events of the twentieth century in America are the Great Depression and World War II. While the precise causes of the Great Depression are both numerous and challenging to pinpoint, the economic effects were disastrous. At its peak, unemployment was nearly 25 percent of the workforce as hundreds of banks failed (about 40 percent) and hundreds of millions of deposits were lost. In summary, after “increasingly stock speculation, the stock market crash of 1929 wiped out millions of investors and crippled confidence among business executives and consumers”.
Under the watch of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, America launched a vast economic stimulus program called the “New Deal.” The program was designed to rebuild the confidence lost during the Depression and put people back to work through government-sponsored works projects. The New Deal vastly expanded the role of the federal government in the American economy.
A close relationship between the private sector of the economy and the American government was developed as a result of the Great Depression. That relationship would continue into World War II, when the nation’s industrial sector was mobilized and coordinated by the government to contribute products directly to the war effort. The gross national product (GNP) of the United States increased over 50 percent between 1941 and 1945 and unemployment hit its lowest point ever at 1.2 percent. America, meanwhile, was becoming increasingly urban as populations shifted to cities and agriculture became more mechanized and absorbed by big business as a result of wartime technology.