книги / Научно-техническая революция и развитие социалистического общества

ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɫɚɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɠɢɬɢɹ.

ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ, ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɬɨɬ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ, ɬɭ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɭɸ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɱɢɯ ɪɚɜɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚɦɢ ɜɵɲɟ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɠɟ ɦɵ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɥɢɲɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 21,22).

ɇɌɊ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ, ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɜ § 3 ɝɥɚɜɵ II-ɨɣ, ɪɨɫɬ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ. ɇɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɥɚɫɶ ɢ ɧɚ ɏɏIII, ɢ ɧɚ ɏɏIV ɫɴɟɡɞɚɯ Ʉɉɋɋ.

ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɢɦ ɫɞɜɢɝɚɦ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɬɪɭɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ.

Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɤɢɦɢ-ɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɦ, ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɧɵɦ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɦɟɫɬɨ ɢ ɪɨɥɶ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ, ɦɟɫɬɨ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. ȼɨɬ ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɥɢɲɶ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɇɌɊ ɫ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɦɚ.

350

Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 2 1

ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɢ ɤɪɭɝ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɢ ɂɌɊ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɱɢɬɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɚ ɦɟɫɹɰ ɤɧɢɝ – ɜ ɲɬ.; ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ %%, ɝɞɟ ɡɚ 100 % ɜɡɹɬɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɥɢɰ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɩɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ)

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ: ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɯɜɚɱɟɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ.14. Ɉɯɜɚɬ: 6442 ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɢ 2665 ɂɌɊ. ɇɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɤɪɭɝɟ ɱɢɬɚɟɦɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɬɜɟɬɢɥɢ ɱɢɬɚɜɲɢɟ ɤɚɤɢɟ-ɥɢɛɨ ɤɧɢɝɢ (ɢɯ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ = 100 %).

351

Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 2 2

ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɦɢ ɢ ɂɌɊ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ ɜ %% ɥɢɰ, ɨɬɞɚɜɚɜɲɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɦɭ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɸ)

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ: ɤɪɭɝ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɨɬ ɠɟ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ 14 ɢ 21.

352

ɉɪɨɝɪɟɫɫ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɩɨ ɬɟɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ, ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɱɟɬɟ, ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɰɢɟɣ. ɋɧɹɬɢɟ ɫɬɚɪɨɣ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɢɞɟɬ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɇɌɊ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɨɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɫɦɟɧɭ ɫɬɚɪɨɣ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɨɜɚɹ, ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ «ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ», ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ. Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɪɤɫɢɫɬɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɤɚɤ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ, ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɫ ɛɟɫɤɥɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ, ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ.

§3. ɉɬɨɩɝɨɶɠ ɭɠɨɟɠɨɱɣɣɫɛɢɝɣɭɣɺɬɩɢɨɛɨɣɺ

ɝɬɩɱɣɛɦɣɬɭɣɲɠɬɥɩɧ ɩɜɴɠɬɭɝɠɪɩɟ ɝɦɣɺɨɣɠɧɈɍɋ

ȼɵɹɫɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɇɌɊ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɥɨɠɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɪɟɲɚɸɳɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ. ɉɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɸ ɇɌɊ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɷɬɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɬ ɜ ɟɳɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ. Ɉɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɵɦ, ɦɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɠɧɵɦ, ɚ ɩɪɹɦɵɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ – ɟɳɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɦ ɢ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɨɥɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɬɪɭɞ, ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɦɵ ɫɞɟɥɚɥɢ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɬɨ ɱɟɦ ɞɚɥɶɲɟ ɦɵ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɨɬɯɨɞɢɬɶ («ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ» ɩɨ ɫɮɟɪɚɦ ɢ ɫɥɨɹɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ) ɨɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ – ɫɮɟɪɵ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɇɌɊ, – ɬɟɦ ɫɥɨɠɧɟɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɇɌɊ.

ɋɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɢɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ. ɋɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɨɣ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɥɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ

353

ɢɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɟɧɢɟ (ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɜ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ) ɷɬɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɤɬ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ, ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɦ. Ɏɨɪɦɵ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɬɨɥɶ ɞɚɥɟɤɢɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɜɢɞɢɦɵɦ ɱɟɪɬɚɦ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɚɤɬɚɯ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ.

ɋɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ, ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ. ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɜ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɝɪɭɩɩ, ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨ-ɢɫɬɨɪɢ- ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜɨɟ ɱɥɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ, ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ

ɢɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ.

ȼɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ «ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ» ɧɚɦ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ:

ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ – ɫɥɨɠɧɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɩɥɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɟɜ ɢ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɬ.ɩ., ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ;

ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ – ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɬɢɩ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɬɨɦɭ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɦɭ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɫɥɨɸ, ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.;

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ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ – ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ (ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ) ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɣ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ (ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ, ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ, ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɨɯɜɚɬɭ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.).

Ⱦɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɤɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɬɢɯ ɬɪɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɚ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ.

Ɉɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɯ, ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɯ, ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ. ɇɚɫ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɬ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɞɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚ:

–ɨɛɳɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɵɬɢɹ (ɢɥɢ, ɢɧɚɱɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ, ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɬɢɩ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ);

–ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɨɦ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɵɬɢɹ (ɢɥɢ, ɢɧɚɱɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ).

Ɉɛɚ ɷɬɢ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɩɥɟɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ, ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ.

ȼɷɩɨɯɭ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɬɨɪɫɤɢɯ, ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜɨ-ɚɧɬɚɝɨɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ ɷɬɢɦ ɞɜɭɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɦ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɜɨɟ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɟɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜɵɣ ɚɧɬɚɝɨɧɢɡɦ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ, ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɟɯɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ.

ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɢɪ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧ ɢ ɩɨɧɹɬ ɫ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɬɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ (ɫɦ. ɜɵɲɟ, ɜ § 1 ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɥɚɜɵ, ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɟ Ɏ. ɗɧɝɟɥɶɫɚ ɨ ɛɭɪɠɭɚɡɧɨɦ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɡɧɚɧɢɢ). ɇɚɭɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɛɵ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɫ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɡɦɨɦ. ɇɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɡɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɧɢɸ ɢɡɜɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ

355

ɫɬɪɨɹ, ɤ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɧɢɸ ɢɡɜɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɜɢɥɟɝɢɣ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɬɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ.

ɋ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɥɚɫɶ ɧɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɶ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɧɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɨ ɦɢɪɟ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ.

Ʉɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ, ɜɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ – ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɜɟɪɯɴɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ; ɜɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɚɧɬɚɝɨɧɢɡɦɵ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɥɥɸɡɨɪɧɨɦ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ1. ɗɬɢ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɦ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɤɨɧɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɨɜ – ɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɤɚɬɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ, ɩɪɨɬɟɫɬɚɧɬɫɤɨɦ, ɩɪɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɧɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ, ɢɭɞɚɢɡɦɟ, ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɫɬɜɟ, ɛɭɞɞɢɡɦɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɢɧɬɨɢɡɦɟ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɥɸɱɟ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɬɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɯ. ɋɬɪɨɝɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ, ɡɞɟɫɶ ɨɞɧɨ ɧɟɨɬɞɟɥɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɞɪɭ-

ɝɨɝɨ: ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɟ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɬɢɩɭ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɮɨɪ-

ɦɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ, ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ, ɨɛɥɟɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨ-

ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɜ ɤɨɧɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɹɯ.

ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɛɭɪɠɭɚɡɧɨɟ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ, ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɟ Ʉ. Ɇɚɪɤɫɨɦ ɮɟɬɢɲɢɫɬɫɤɢɦ, ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɵɲɟ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ. ȿɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ (ɩɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ, ɝɧɨɫɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ) ɛɭɪɠɭɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɮɟɬɢɲɢɫɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɨɝɨ (ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɟ) ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɢɯ ɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɨ (ɧɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɣ) ɛɵɥɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɨ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ Ʉ. Ɇɚɪɤɫɚ2. ȼɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɵɫɤɚ-

1ɋɦ. ɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɤɭ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ – ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɨɝɨ (ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɝɨ) ɬɢɩɚ ɭ ɘ.Ⱥ. Ʌɟɜɚɞɵ, Ⱦ.Ɇ. ɍɝɪɢɧɨɜɢɱɚ, ɗ.ȼ. ɋɨɤɨɥɨɜɚ ɢ ɞɪ. – Ɂ.Ɏ.

2Ʉ. Ɇɚɪɤɫ ɩɢɲɟɬ ɨ «….ɦɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɚ…» (Ʉ. Ɇɚɪɤɫ ɢ Ɏ. ɗɧɝɟɥɶɫ. ɋɨɱ., ɬ.23, ɫɬɪ.81), ɨ «… ɱɭɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɫɜɟɪɯɱɭɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ…» (ɬɚɦ ɠɟ, ɫɬɪ.82) ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɚ. Ɉɛɨɛɳɚɹ ɜɫɟ ɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɨ ɮɟɬɢɲɢɫɬɫɤɨɦ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ, Ʉ. Ɇɚɪɤɫ ɩɢɲɟɬ: «…Ʉɚɤ ɜ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɢ ɧɚɞ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɵ, ɬɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɧɚɞ ɧɢɦ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɭɤ». (Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ, ɫɬɪ.635). Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɣ ɜɵɜɨɞ Ʉ. Ɇɚɪɤɫ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɬ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ «Ɍɟɨɪɢɹɯ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ» (ɬ.26, ɱ.III, ɫɬɪ.286) ɢ ɞɪ. Ȼɭɪɠɭɚɡɧɨɟ ɮɟɬɢɲɢɫɬɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ Ʉ. Ɇɚɪɤɫ

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ɡɵɜɚɧɢɹɯ Ʉ. Ɇɚɪɤɫ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɸ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɚɤ ɤɨɧ-

ɤɪɟɬɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɢ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɵɣ ɬɢɩ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧ-

ɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ.

Ȼɭɪɠɭɚɡɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɱɭɠɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ, ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɣ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ, ɫɬɢɯɢɣɧɵɣ (ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ) ɦɢɪ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɜ ɛɭɪɠɭɚɡɧɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɧɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɭɸ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɸ ɤ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɭ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ – ɧɚ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɫɜɨɟɣ «ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ» ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ. ɗɬɚ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɫɬɶ – ɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɬɨɬ ɲɚɧɫ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɟɦɭ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɛɭɪɠɭɚɡɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ. Ɍɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɢɦɢ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɤɚɦɢ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɷɬɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ – ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɚɹ «ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɚɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɫɬɶ». ɉɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɠɟ ɤ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɚɦ ɤɚɤ ɰɟɥɨɦɭ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɪɠɭɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɹ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ.

Ɍɢɩɢɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɛɭɪɠɭɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ, ɷɝɨɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ «ə». ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɵ: «ə» ɢ «Ɉɇɂ», ɝɞɟ ɩɨɞ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɫɬɢɯɢɣɧɵɣ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɦ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɦɢɫɬɢɰɢɡɦɨɦ ɢ ɢɪɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɮɟɬɢɲɢɫɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɟɦɹɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɨɛɳɟɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ.

ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ «…ɪɟɥɢɝɢɟɣ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ…» (ɬ.25, ɱ.II, ɫɬɪ.398), «…ɪɟɥɢɝɢɟɣ ɜɭɥɶɝɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɵɜɚɬɟɥɹ» (ɬ.26, ɱ.III, ɫɬɪ.471) ɢ ɬ.ɩ.

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Ⱦɥɹ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɛɭɪɠɭɚɡɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɛɭɪɠɭɚɡɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɨɟ ɢ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɟ (ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɟ) ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ (ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ «ɧɟɯɜɚɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ»), ɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɩɪɨɫɬɭ ɢɡɥɢɲɧɟ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɨɧɨ ɜ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɞɢɫɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ. Ɉɧɨ ɥɢɲɟɧɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɦɵɫɥɚ, ɢɛɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɤ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɨɛɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ. Ⱥɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɭɪɠɭɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɬɢɩɭ ɜ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɟ ɥɢɲɶ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ (ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ «ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɜ» ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ) ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɸ ɤ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɦ ɢ ɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɵɦ ɧɟɭɞɚɱɚɦ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɭɞɚɱɢ, ɧɟ ɥɢɲɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɢɛɤɨ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɧɟɭɞɚɱɚɯ.

ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɜ ɛɭɪɠɭɚɡɧɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɛɭɪɠɭɚɡɧɨɟ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɨɛɳɟɦɭ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɬɢɩɭ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ

ɮɟɬɢɲɢɫɬɫɤɢɦ, ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦ. ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɛɭɪɠɭɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɟɣ, ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɟɣ, ɚɧɬɚɝɨɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ, ɫɬɢɯɢɣɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɤ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɬɢɩ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ, ɜɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɨɬɪɚɡɢɬɶ, ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɢ «ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ» ɛɟɫɫɢɥɢɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ, ɢɯ ɢɪɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ, ɜɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɢɥɥɸɡɢɣ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɣ, ɩɪɢɦɢɪɹɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɫ ɚɧɬɚɝɨɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɢɪɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɟɦɭ ɫɭɠɞɟɧɨ ɠɢɬɶ, ɜ-ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ, ɜɨɩɥɨɬɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɜ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɫɪɟɞ-

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ɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɭɪɠɭɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ.

ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɛɭɪɠɭɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɛɭɪɠɭɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ. Ʉ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɟɝɨ ɬɨɥɤɚɸɬ: ɜɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɟɝɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ, ɜ ɬɨɣ ɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɢ, ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.; ɜɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɩɪɹɦɨɟ ɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɭɪɠɭɚɡɢɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɫɮɟɪɭ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɞɪ. Ƚɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ (ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɛɭɪɠɭɚɡɢɢ) ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɨ ɩɨɪɵ ɞɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ1.

ɉɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɦ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɹɦɢ ɬɪɭɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ ɛɭɪɠɭɚɡɧɨɣ ɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɦ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɡɦɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ. ɇɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɦɚ, ɚ ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ – ɞɥɹ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɝɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ. ɋɥɨɠɢɬɶɫɹ ɠɟ ɢ ɫɨɡɪɟɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɟ ɢ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɦɚ, ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ2.

1«…Ɇɵɫɥɢ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɭɸ ɷɩɨɯɭ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɦɵɫɥɹɦɢ. ɗɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ, ɱɬɨ ɬɨɬ ɤɥɚɫɫ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɢɥɭ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɟɫɬɶ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ. Ʉɥɚɫɫ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɪɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɢ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɵɫɥɢ ɬɟɯ, ɭ ɤɨɝɨ ɧɟɬ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɞɥɹ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɢɢ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ». Ʉ. Ɇɚɪɤɫ ɢ Ɏ. ɗɧɝɟɥɶɫ. «ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢ», 1965, ʋ 11, ɫɬɪ. 11. ɉɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɨ Ʉ. Ɇɚɪɤɫɨɦ ɢ Ɏ. ɗɧɝɟɥɶɫɨɦ – Ɂ.Ɏ.).

2«…Ʉɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ, ɜ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ: ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɧɢɤɚɤɢɦ ɢɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɜɟɪɝɧɭɬɶ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ

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