Книги по МРТ КТ на английском языке / Neurosurgery Fundamentals Agarval 1 ed 2019

20.1  Introduction

This chapter is intended to be used as a comprehensive guide for medical students and residents who are interested or training in the field of neurosurgery. Though there is a large amount of information and resources in this chapter, it is recommended to take this chapter in sections, only focusing on sections that pertain to the level of medical education you are currently at. First year medical students may want to focus on the Peer-Reviewed Journals and National Conferences sections. However, as you go through medical training and your interests begin to take hold, you may want to focus more on the subspecialty subchapters, as we provide valuable resources in a myriad of neurosurgical subspecialties. For the Peer-Reviewed Journals section, each journal is rated by its impact factor (based on the 2016 Thomson Reuters™ Journal Citations Reports©), a measure of how many times the average paper is cited each year. The following resources were compiled from recommendations of top neurosurgeons throughout the country and from multiple programs.

20.2  Additional Reading

Reading about neurosurgery should be a daily habit and will provide you with a solid foundation of knowledge that will help guide you throughout your training.

20.2.1  General

Essential Neurosurgery

Andrew H. Kaye

This resource is written for medical students and junior residents and is a great

overview of the field of neurosurgery. The book includes information on diagnosis and management of common central nervous system disorders as well as the pathologic basis for disease.

Landmark Papers in Neurosurgery

Reuben D. Johnson and Alexander L. Green

This collection of influential studies in the field of neurosurgery is essential for any neurosurgical trainee. With the increased emphasis on evidence-based medicine, the key findings from landmark studies within the field will help guide clinical decision making.

Handbook of Neurosurgery

Mark S. Greenberg

An invaluable resource for all neurosurgeons that covers anatomy, physiology, differential diagnosis, and principles of clinical management useful for quick referencing.

Neurosurgery Knowledge Update

Harbaugh, Saffrey, Couldwell, Berger.

Large textbook that covers a broad range of the important topics in neurosurgery.

Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases

Hal Blumenfeld

An interactive approach to the teaching of neuroanatomy, using over 100 actual clinical cases and high-quality radiologic images.

So, You Want To Be a Neurosurgeon? Second Edition

Muraszko, Benzil, Todor

This “brochure,” originally written in 1999 by Dr. Muraszko and Dr. Benzil, was updated in 2009 by Dr. Roxanne Todor. It is

a short read and a fantastic guide for those wishing to pursue neurosurgery.

Principles of Neurological Surgery

Principles of Neurological Surgery

This is a comprehensive overview of neurosurgery topics. Covers every aspect of neurosurgery, including pre-op/post-op, neuroradiology, spine surgery, oncology, pediatrics, etc.

20.2.2  Operative

Schmidek & Sweet Operative Neurosurgical Techniques

Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa

A great resource for neurosurgical procedures including operative indications, techniques, and complications. There are also accompanying videos for each procedure for visual learners.

Youmans Neurological Surgery

H. Richard Winn

Thorough guide to operative neurosurgery that covers the latest neurosurgical procedures. This resource is also accompanied by almost 100 online videos of procedures.

Neurosurgical Instrument Guide

Christopher S. Eddleman

Valuable overview of operative principles and instrument sets. Great reference for visual identification of surgical instruments used in neurological surgery and their uses.

Operative Dictations: Neurosurgery

Chaim B. Colen

This reference is useful to gain proficiency in verbal dictation. With the current emphasis on medical documentation, this is an essential text for any neurosurgical trainee.

20.2.3  Subspecialties

Critical Care

Marino’s The ICU Book

Paul L. Marino

A comprehensive critical care resource, which includes both medical and surgical aspects of critical care. This book is not specific to neurosurgery, but the principles Marino discusses are imperative for any incoming resident to understand.

The NeuroICU Book

Kiwon Lee

This book provides evidence-based approaches to neurological critical care and has the latest studies that guide management.

Endovascular

Diagnostic Cerebral Angiography

Anne G. Osborn

This book is one of the best references for cerebral angiography. It is organized into three sections covering techniques, anatomy, and pathological entities..

Neuroradiology

Neuroradiology: The Requisites

Rohini Nadgir and David M. Yousem

Contains everything you need to know about the conceptual, technical, and interpretive core knowledge required for imaging the brain, spine, and head and neck.

Pain

Textbook of Pain

Wall and Melzack

The newest edition (6th) provides the most up-to-date and comprehensive information

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regarding genetics, neurophysiology, psychology, and assessment of pain.

Peripheral Nerve

Examination of Peripheral Nerve Injuries

Stephen M. Russell

This is an anatomically based guide to diagnosing peripheral nerve injuries. There are excellent illustrations that aid in understanding the complex anatomy and its variations.

Aids to the Examination of the Peripheral Nervous System

Michael O’Brien

This atlas is the standard photographic guide to examination of patients with peripheral nerve lesions.

Pediatrics

Principles and Practice of Pediatric Neurosurgery

Albright, Pollack, and Adelson

Extremely thorough book outlining the management techniques of clinical pediatric neurosurgery.

Handbook of Pediatric Neurosurgery

Jallo, Kothbauer, Recinos

This book covers the full breadth of pediatric neurosurgery and covers congenital, developmental, and acquired disorders. It is an excellent pocket reference to carry with you on the wards.

Skull Base

Skull Base Surgery

Paul Gardner and Carl Snyderman

Offers step-by-step expert instruction on over 45 procedures, covering both open and minimally invasive approaches to the skull base.

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Spine

Handbook of Spine Surgery

Baaj, Mummaneni, Uribe, Vaccaro, and Greenberg

Much like the other handbook by Greenberg, this is a great pocket reference for spine.

Stereotactic Radiosurgery

Intracranial Stereotactic Radiosurgery

L. D. Lunsford and Jason P. Sheehan

A comprehensive resource that discusses a multitude of intracranial disorders this technology can treat as well as indications, techniques, and complications for treating each disorder.

Modern Stereotactic Neurosurgery

L. D. Lunsford

As a pioneer of stereotactic radiosurgery, Dr. Lunsford explains the basic techniques and neurosurgical treatment of disease with stereotactic radiosurgery.

Spine Radiosurgery

Peter C. Gerszten and Samuel Ryu

This book focuses on radiosurgical treatment of spinal pathology. Discusses most recent advances in devices, techniques, and treatment planning for spinal radiosurgery.

Vascular

Vascular Neurosurgery

R. Loch Macdonald

Part of the Neurosurgical Operative Atlas, this book offers extreme detail regarding the surgical management of neurovascular diseases.

Seven Aneurysms Seven AVMs

Seven Bypasses

Michael T. Lawton

These are essential references for vascular neurosurgery and are written clearly with phenomenal illustrations.

20.2.4  Online

Neurosurgical Survival Guide

This is a mobile app which provides easily accessible, high-yield information regarding neurosurgical care.

HeadNeckBrainSpine.com

This is a website devoted to neuroradiology, providing case reports, modules, and flash cards, all designed to fami­ liarize the student with neuroradiology anatomy.

NeurosurgicalAtlas.com

This is a website that provides reading material, surgery videos, and grand rounds videos covering all facets of neurosurgery.

The Rhoton Collection

This is a collection of neuroanatomy teaching materials which includes slides, video lectures, and an interactive atlas. Access is free for AANS members.

The Surgeon’s Armamentarium

This is a website for CNS members which provides access to a variety of neurosurgical resources including video libraries, case reports, and anatomy atlases.

NeuroVascularCases.com

This is a website designed to help students­ become more familiar with neurovascular disease through case reports and angiography diagrams.

20.2.5  Memoirs

When the Air Hits Your Brain

Frank Vertosick Jr.

Dr. Vertosick tells tales of the triumphs and tragedies throughout his training and practice of neurosurgery. This book offers an appreciation for the great privilege and responsibility that comes with a career in neurosurgery.

Another Day in the Frontal Lobe

Katrina Firlik

Dr. Firlik gives a very candid and, at times, humorous glimpses into her experiences as a neurosurgeon. Her writing style is engaging and makes for a very entertaining and insightful read.

Gifted Hand

Ben Carson and Cecil B. Murphy

This is an autobiography in which Dr. Carson reflects on his experiences as a neurosurgeon. He wrote this book with a wide audience­ in mind and may lack medical details that some medical students or residents desire. However, it is an insightful and easy read.

When Breath Becomes Air

Paul Kalanithi

An intimate autobiography from Dr. Kalanithi that he wrote after he discovered he had terminal cancer. This is a powerful book that provokes reflection into one’s own meaning of life and defining one’s identity.

Do No Harm

Henry Marsh

In this New York Times best seller, Dr. Marsh gives intimate insight into the life of a neurosurgeon. He gives a surprisingly honest and frank perspective on the field.

Being Mortal

Atul Gawande

In this book, Dr. Gawande explores death and dying, where doctors often forget the overall well-being of patients in their attempt to do

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everything medically to prolong their life. An interesting read about aging and the medical field’s approach to end of life care.

20.3  Conferences

National conferences attract neurosurgeons from all over the country and are a great way to meet faculty and residents from different programs. Conferences also provide an opportunity to present and discuss your research with others in the field of neurosurgery.

20.3.1  General

American Academy of Neurology (AAN)

The AAN annual conference is the largest gathering of neurologists and neuroscientists in the world. There is also a travel scholarship for students to attend the conference.

American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS)

This conference is free for medical students. You can also become a member of the AANS, which has many benefits and is free to join as a medical student. The AANS also has medical student and resident positions on the Young Neurosurgeons Committee that you can apply for and become a representative for the AANS.

Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS)

Great networking opportunity for both medical students and residents. Like the AANS, you can also apply for membership in the CNS, which is also free for medical students.

Council of State Neurosurgical Societies (CSNS)

This is a biannual meeting that focuses on discussion and proposals of action regarding socioeconomic issues within neurological surgery.

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Society for Neuroscience

This meeting is not a dedicated neurosurgery conference and may be expensive for nonmembers.

20.3.2  Subspecialties

Endovascular

Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery

This conference is great for those interested in endovascular neurosurgery.

Neuroradiology

American Society of Neuroradiology (ASNR)

Annual conference for general neuroradiology. The conference is not specific to neurosurgery.

American Society of Spine Radiology (ASSR)

This annual conference is specific for imaging related to spinal disorders.

American Society of Head and Neck Radiology (ASHNR)

This is neuroradiology-specific conference related to head and neck imaging that attracts physicians from a multitude of specialties, and not just neurosurgery.

Pain

Cancer Pain Research Consortium

Expensive and not advertised for medical students, only providers. It is also not a dedicated neurosurgery conference.

AANS/CNS Joint Section on Pain

Conference meets every other year and is again, a niche field. This is a dedicated neurosurgery conference, making networking an option.

Pediatrics

AANS/CNS Joint Section on Pediatric Neurosurgery

This joint AANS and CNS conference is devoted specifically to pediatric neurosurgery and is one of the primary pediatric neurosurgery conferences.

International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery

Meeting is held in new places all across the world and attracts the biggest names in pediatric neurosurgery.

Peripheral Nerve

Peripheral Nerve Society

Annual conference showcasing international research across specialties in peripheral neuropathy.

American Society for Peripheral Nerve

Annual conference pertaining to peripheral nerves that is intended for surgeons,­ researchers, and healthcare professionals in the field.

Skull Base

North American Skull Base Society

This annual meeting brings together health care professionals across a multitude of specialties to discuss the most recent recommendations for management of skull base pathology.

Spine

Cervical Spine Research Society (CSRS)

Expensive for nonmembers though a great conference for those interested in spine.

Lumbar Spine Research Society (LSRS)

This is an annual meeting that concentrates on advancements in lumbar spinal

surgery. The goal of the LSRS conference is purely for scientific research presentations and debate.

North American Spine Society (NASS)

Largest spine meeting in the country. Expensive without a membership, though an excellent meeting for those interested in spine.

Society of Lateral Access Surgery (SOLAS)

An annual conference with a focus on lateral access spinal surgery.

Society for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery

Somewhat pricey conference that is geared more toward providers rather than medical students.

Spine Summit

Annual meeting with a focus on disorders of the spine and peripheral nerves. A relatively inexpensive conference ($50 for medical students and residents) without a membership requirement.

Stereotactic and Functional

North American Neuromodulation Society (NANS)

Not free for medical students and can cost several hundred dollars to register. Young scientist travel awards are available for $1,000. You can also gain membership in the NANS; however, it costs $50 for medical students and residents.

American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (ASSFN)

A very niche field that would only appeal to those interested in functional neurosurgery. Conference meets every other year. Membership in the ASSFN provides­ reduced fees to their biennial meeting and a subscription to the journal Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery

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Tumor

AANS/CNS Joint Section on Tumors

A specialty conference with a focus on central nervous system tumors.

AANS/CNS Tumor Section Satellite Symposium

Held in conjunction with the CNS meeting and covers various topics in the field of neuro-oncolgy and management of CNS tumors.

Vascular

Microsurgical Approaches to Aneurysms and Skull Base Disease

Geared toward medical providers, not medical students. Another relatively inexpensive conference ($100 registration fee for residents and physicians).

AANS/CNS Joint Cerebrovascular Section

This is a joint conference between AANS and CNS related to cerebrovascular disorders and neurointerventional treatments.

20.4  Grants and Awards

Available grants can not only help fund your research, but will also demonstrate on residency applications that you are capable of designing a research project whose quality merits outside funding. Additionally, receiving research awards is an opportunity to demonstrate your aptitude in conducting research to your peers and residency directors.

20.4.1  General

CSNS/CNS Medical Student Summer Fellowship in Socioeconomic Research (MSSF-SER)

This is an 8- to 10-week fellowship for medical students who are interested in conducting socioeconomic research in the field of neurosurgery. A stipend of $2,500 is given to accepted applicants.

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Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Medical Research Fellows Program

Year-off fellowship for medical students to fund basic science research. Increase your chances of acceptance by getting involved in a laboratory early during medical school and by producing preliminary results to include in the application. Also helps to seek out National Institutes of Health (NIH)- funded scientists, HHMI investigators, or Nobel Laureates to sponsor year off.

Galbraith Award

Awarded to the best abstract submitted by a resident at the annual CNS meeting.

NREF Medical Student Summer Research Fellowship

Offers 25 grants $2,500 grants to first or second year medical students who wish to spend the summer conducting neurosurgery research under an AANS neurosurgeon mentor. Needs two letters of recommendation from neurosurgeons, so plan for this early.

Presuss Award

Awarded to the best basic science abstract by a resident at each AANS and CNS annual meeting.

Technology Development Grant

Offers a $2,500 to $10,000 grant for medical students or residents with a technology-based project that can be completed within a year.

20.4.2  Subspecialties

Pediatrics

Shulman Award

Presented to the best paper presented by a resident at the joint CNS/Pediatric Neurologic Surgery meeting.

Spine

Charlie Kuntz Scholar Award

Awards are given to the top 30 neurosurgical residents or fellows who author outstanding abstracts in clinical or laboratory research of spinal disorders. The award consists of $500 for award recipients with the opportunity to be awarded an additional $1,000 for those who submit a complete manuscript with their abstract. Award winners are announced at the annual Spine Summit.

Journalistic and Academic Neurosurgical Excellence (JANE) Award

Awarded annually at the Spine Summit to the senior resident or fellow with the top manuscript as well as showing commitment to advancing the field through research and publications over the past 12 months. Award winners receive a prize of $1,500 and the opportunity to give an oral presentation during the conference.

Kline Award

The recipient of the Kline award is provided up to $10,000 of funding for basic science or clinical research pertaining to peripheral nerves. Current residents are eligible for the award but will need a faculty sponsor for the project.

Mayfield Clinical Science Award

Awarded to residents or fellows with outstanding manuscripts in clinical or laboratory research in the field of spinal and peripheral nerve disorders. Two award winners, one in clinical and one in laboratory research, will be announced at the annual AANS/CNS section of spinal and peripheral nerve conference and awarded a $1,000 honorarium and up to $2,000 to cover cost of attending the conference.

Synthes Award

Awarded to the best abstract by a resident related to spinal cord or spinal column injury at the annual CNS and AANS meetings.

Tumor

Ronald L. Bittner Award

Awarded to the best abstract related to brain tumor research at the AANS annual meeting by a resident or junior faculty.

Farber Award

Presented at the annual CNS conference to the best abstract related to neurooncology.

National Brain Tumor Foundation Translational Research Grant Award

A $15,000 grant awarded to the best translational research proposal related to brain tumors.

Vascular

Brain Aneurysm Foundation (BAF) Research Grant

This is the largest private fund for brain aneurysm research and awarded $310,000 to 11 recipients in 2016. Grants are mainly awarded to basic science projects that will help improve outcomes of patients with aneurysms; however, clinical and translational research projects can also get funded.

Robert J. Dempsey, MD, Cerebrovascular Research Award

This fellowship supports a basic ­science or clinical research project by a resident in an approved neurosurgical residency program.

Kate Carney Cerebrovascular Research Fellowship Grant

A relatively new award that provides funds to pursue cerebrovascular research; however, the exact award amount has not been confirmed.

20.5  Journals

After conducting a research project, you will want to share your findings with the scientific community by

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having the results published in a peer-reviewed journal. Your research productivity will be measured by your “h-index” which is measured by how many citations your top publications receive. For example, an h-index of 5 indicates that the author has five publications that were each cited at least five times in other papers. Below is an expansive list of possible journals in which to submit scientific papers ( Table 20.1, Table 20.2).

20.6  Leadership

Leadership positions are one last opportunity to round out your resume should you have the time and drive to do so. They will help you become a well-rounded applicant and also show that you have an ability to work with others.

MISSION Fellows

The Medical Student in Organized Neurosurgery (MISSION) Fellowship is a 2-year fellowship that allows medical students to