
Лабы ОБХ
.pdf1,080 |
11,96 |
1,317 |
1,220 |
30,18 |
3,754 |
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1,085 |
12,66 |
1,401 |
1,225 |
30,79 |
3,846 |
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1,090 |
13,36 |
1,484 |
1,230 |
31,40 |
3,938 |
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1,095 |
14,04 |
1,567 |
1,235 |
32,01 |
4,031 |
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1,100 |
14,73 |
1,652 |
1,240 |
32,61 |
4,123 |
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1,105 |
15,41 |
1,735 |
1,245 |
33,22 |
4,216 |
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1,110 |
16,08 |
1,820 |
1,250 |
33,82 |
4,310 |
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1,115 |
16,76 |
1,905 |
1,255 |
34,42 |
4,404 |
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1,120 |
17,43 |
1,990 |
1,260 |
35,01 |
4,498 |
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1,125 |
18,09 |
2,075 |
1,265 |
35,60 |
4,592 |
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1,130 |
18,76 |
2,161 |
1,270 |
36,19 |
4,686 |
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1,135 |
19,42 |
2,247 |
1,275 |
36,78 |
4,781 |
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1,280 |
37,36 |
4,876 |
1,515 |
61,54 |
9,506 |
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1,285 |
37,95 |
4,972 |
1,520 |
62,00 |
9,608 |
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1,290 |
38,53 |
5,068 |
1,525 |
62,45 |
9,711 |
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1,295 |
39,10 |
5,163 |
1,530 |
62,91 |
9,813 |
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1,300 |
39,68 |
5,259 |
1,535 |
63,36 |
9,916 |
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1,305 |
40,25 |
5,356 |
1,540 |
63,81 |
10,02 |
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1,310 |
40,82 |
5,452 |
1,545 |
64,26 |
10,12 |
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1,315 |
41,39 |
5,549 |
1,550 |
64,71 |
10,23 |
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1,320 |
41,95 |
5,646 |
1,555 |
65,15 |
10,33 |
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1,325 |
42,51 |
5,743 |
1,560 |
65,59 |
10,43 |
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1,330 |
43,07 |
5,840 |
1,565 |
66,03 |
10,54 |
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1,335 |
43,62 |
5,938 |
1,570 |
66,47 |
10,64 |
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1,340 |
44,17 |
6,035 |
1,575 |
66,91 |
10,74 |
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1,345 |
44,72 |
6,132 |
1,580 |
67,35 |
10,85 |
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1,350 |
45,26 |
6,229 |
1,585 |
67,79 |
10,96 |
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1,355 |
45,80 |
6,327 |
1,590 |
68,23 |
11,06 |
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1,360 |
46,33 |
6,424 |
1,595 |
68,66 |
11,16 |
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61
1,365 |
46,86 |
6,552 |
1,600 |
69,09 |
11,27 |
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1,370 |
47,39 |
6,620 |
1,605 |
69,53 |
11,38 |
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1,375 |
47,92 |
6,718 |
1,610 |
69,96 |
11,48 |
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1,380 |
48,45 |
6,817 |
1,615 |
70,39 |
11,59 |
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1,385 |
48,97 |
6,915 |
1,620 |
70,82 |
11,70 |
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1,390 |
49,48 |
7,012 |
1,625 |
71,25 |
11,80 |
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1,395 |
49,99 |
7,110 |
1,630 |
71,67 |
11,91 |
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1,400 |
50,50 |
7,208 |
1,635 |
72,09 |
12,02 |
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1,405 |
51,01 |
7,307 |
1,640 |
72,52 |
12,13 |
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1,410 |
51,52 |
7,406 |
1,645 |
72,95 |
12,24 |
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1,415 |
52,02 |
7,505 |
1,650 |
73,37 |
12,34 |
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1,420 |
52,51 |
7,603 |
1,655 |
73,80 |
12,45 |
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1,425 |
53,01 |
7,702 |
1,660 |
74,22 |
12,56 |
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1,430 |
53,50 |
7,801 |
1,665 |
74,64 |
12,67 |
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1,435 |
54,00 |
7,901 |
1,670 |
75,07 |
12,78 |
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1,440 |
54,49 |
8,000 |
1,675 |
75,49 |
12,89 |
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1,445 |
54,97 |
8,099 |
1,680 |
75,92 |
13,00 |
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1,450 |
55,45 |
8,198 |
1,685 |
76,34 |
13,12 |
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1,455 |
55,93 |
8,297 |
1,690 |
76,77 |
13,23 |
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1,460 |
56,41 |
8,397 |
1,695 |
77,20 |
13,34 |
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1,465 |
56,89 |
8,497 |
1,700 |
77,63 |
13,46 |
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1,470 |
57,36 |
8,598 |
1,705 |
78,06 |
13,57 |
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1,475 |
57,84 |
8,699 |
1,710 |
78,49 |
13,69 |
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1,480 |
58,31 |
8,799 |
1,715 |
78,93 |
13,80 |
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1,485 |
58,78 |
8,899 |
1,720 |
79,37 |
13,92 |
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1,490 |
59,24 |
9,000 |
1,725 |
79,81 |
14,04 |
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1,495 |
59,70 |
9,100 |
1,730 |
80,25 |
14,16 |
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1,500 |
60,17 |
9,202 |
1,735 |
80,70 |
14,28 |
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1,505 |
60,62 |
9,303 |
1,740 |
81,16 |
14,40 |
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62
1,510 |
61,08 |
9,404 |
1,745 |
81,62 |
14,52 |
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1,750 |
82,09 |
14,65 |
1,821 |
91,33 |
16,96 |
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1,755 |
82,57 |
14,78 |
1,822 |
91,56 |
17,01 |
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1,760 |
83,06 |
14,90 |
1,823 |
91,78 |
17,06 |
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1,765 |
83,57 |
15,04 |
1,824 |
92,00 |
17,11 |
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1,770 |
84,08 |
15,17 |
1,825 |
92,25 |
17,17 |
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1,775 |
84,61 |
15,31 |
1,826 |
92,51 |
17,22 |
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1,780 |
85,16 |
15,46 |
1,827 |
92,77 |
17,28 |
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1,785 |
85,74 |
15,61 |
1,828 |
93,03 |
17,34 |
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1,790 |
86,35 |
15,76 |
1,829 |
93,33 |
17,40 |
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1,795 |
86,99 |
15,92 |
1,830 |
93,64 |
17,47 |
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1,800 |
87,69 |
16,09 |
1,831 |
93,94 |
17,54 |
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1,805 |
88,43 |
16,27 |
1,832 |
94,32 |
17,62 |
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1,810 |
89,23 |
16,47 |
1,833 |
94,72 |
17,70 |
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1,815 |
90,12 |
16,68 |
1,834 |
95,12 |
17,79 |
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1,820 |
91,11 |
16,91 |
1,835 |
95,72 |
17,91 |
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Таблица 3 |
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Плотности и концентрации растворов хлороводородной кислоты |
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Плотность |
Масс.%, |
Моль/л |
Плотность |
Масс.%, |
Моль/л |
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при 200С, |
г/100г р-ра |
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при 200С, |
г/100г р-ра |
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г/мл |
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г/мл |
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1,000 |
0,360 |
0,099 |
1,105 |
21,36 |
6,472 |
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1,005 |
1,360 |
0,375 |
1,110 |
22,33 |
6,796 |
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1,010 |
2,364 |
0,655 |
1,115 |
23,29 |
7,122 |
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1,015 |
3,374 |
0,939 |
1,120 |
24,25 |
7,449 |
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1,020 |
4,388 |
1,227 |
1,125 |
25,22 |
7,782 |
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1,025 |
5,408 |
1,520 |
1,130 |
26,20 |
8,118 |
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1,030 |
6,433 |
1,817 |
1,135 |
27,18 |
8,459 |
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63
1,035 |
7,464 |
2,118 |
1,140 |
28,18 |
8,809 |
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1,040 |
8,490 |
2,421 |
1,145 |
29,17 |
9,159 |
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1,045 |
9,510 |
2,725 |
1,150 |
30,14 |
9,505 |
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1,050 |
10,52 |
3,029 |
1,155 |
31,14 |
9,863 |
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1,055 |
11,52 |
3,333 |
1,160 |
32,14 |
10,23 |
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1,060 |
12,51 |
3,638 |
1,165 |
33,16 |
10,60 |
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1,065 |
13,50 |
3,944 |
1,170 |
34,18 |
10,97 |
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1,070 |
14,49 |
4,253 |
1,175 |
35,20 |
11,34 |
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1,075 |
15,49 |
4,565 |
1,180 |
36,23 |
11,73 |
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1,080 |
16,47 |
4,878 |
1,185 |
37,27 |
12,11 |
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1,085 |
17,45 |
5,192 |
1,190 |
38,32 |
12,50 |
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1,090 |
18,43 |
5,510 |
1,195 |
39,37 |
12,90 |
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1,095 |
19,41 |
5,829 |
1,198 |
40,00 |
13,14 |
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1,100 |
20,39 |
6,150 |
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64
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Приложение 2 |
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Диаграммы Латимера |
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Хлор |
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Кислая: |
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¾¾→ ClО2 ¾¾→ HClО2 |
¾¾→ HClО ¾¾® ½Сl2 |
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ClО4 |
¾¾® ClО3 |
¾¾® Cl |
– |
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– |
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1,20 |
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– |
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1,18 |
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1,19 |
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1,67 |
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1,63 |
1,36 |
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Щелочная: |
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– |
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– |
¾¾¾→ ClО2 |
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– |
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– |
¾¾→ ½Сl2 |
¾¾® Cl |
– |
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ClО4 |
¾¾→ ClО3 |
¾¾→ ClО2 |
¾¾→ ClО |
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0,37 |
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−0.48 |
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1,07 |
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0,68 |
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0,42 |
1,36 |
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Бром |
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Кислая: |
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¾¾→ HBrО ¾¾→ ½Br2 |
¾¾→ Br |
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BrО4 |
¾¾® BrО3 |
– |
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– |
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1,853 |
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– |
1,447 |
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1,604 |
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1,065 |
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Щелочная: |
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¾¾¾→ Br |
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BrО4 |
¾¾→ BrО3 |
¾¾¾® BrО ¾¾¾® ½Br2 |
– |
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– |
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1,025 |
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– |
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0,492 |
– |
0,455 |
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1,065 |
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Иод |
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Кислая: |
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¾¾→ HIО ¾¾→ ½I2 |
¾¾→ I |
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H5IО6 ¾¾® IО3 |
– |
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1,6 |
– |
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1,13 |
1,44 |
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0,535 |
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Щелочная: |
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2– |
0,65 |
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– |
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0,15 |
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0,42 |
0,535 |
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– |
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H3IО6 |
¾¾® IО3 |
¾¾→ HIО |
¾¾→ ½I2 ¾¾→ I |
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Кислород |
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Кислая: |
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½О2 |
¾¾¾® ½H2О2 |
¾¾¾® ½H2О |
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0,695 |
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1,763 |
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3 |
¾¾¾® |
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2 |
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⅓О |
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2,075 |
½HО |
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Щелочная: |
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½О2 |
¾¾¾® ½HО2 |
¾¾¾® ОH |
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−0,065 |
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– |
0,867 |
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– |
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⅓О3 ¾¾¾® |
ОH |
– |
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1,246 |
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Cера
Кислая:
65
SО4 |
¾¾® SО2 |
¾¾® S ¾¾® H2S |
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2– |
0,17 |
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0,45 |
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0,14 |
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Щелочная: |
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2– |
−0,93 |
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2– |
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−0,57 |
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−0,46 |
S |
2– |
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SО4 |
¾¾¾® SО3 |
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¾¾¾® S |
¾¾¾® |
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Азот |
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Кислая: |
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– |
¾¾→ NО2 |
¾¾® HNО2 ¾¾¾® NО ¾¾® N2О ¾¾→ ½N2 |
|
|
+ |
|||||||||||||||||
NО3 |
¾¾¾→ NH3ОH |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
0,803 |
|
|
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|
1,07 |
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|
|
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|
0,996 |
|
1,59 |
1,77 |
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|
−1,87 |
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||
¾¾→ ½N2H5 |
¾¾→ NH4 |
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||||||||
1,41 |
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+ |
|
1,275 |
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+ |
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Щелочная: |
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||
– |
¾¾¾→ NО2 |
|
¾¾¾® NО2 |
– |
¾¾® NО ¾¾® N2О ¾¾→ ½N2 |
¾¾¾→ NH2ОH |
||||||||||||||||
NО3 |
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|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
−0,86 |
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|
|
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|
0,867 |
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|
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|
0,46 |
|
0,76 |
0,94 |
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|
−3,04 |
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||
¾¾→ ½N2H4 |
¾¾→ NH3 |
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||||||||
0,73 |
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|
0,1 |
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Марганец |
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Кислая: |
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– |
¾¾® |
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|
– |
¾¾® |
H3MnО4 |
¾¾® MnО2 ¾¾→ Mn |
3+ |
¾¾→ Mn |
2+ |
¾¾→ |
||||||||
MnО4 |
HMnО4 |
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|
|||||||||||||||||||
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|
0,9 |
|
|
|
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|
|
1,28 |
|
|
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|
2,9 |
0,95 |
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|
1,5 |
|
−1,18 |
|
Mn |
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Щелочная: |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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||
– |
|
0,56 |
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|
2– |
0,27 |
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|
3– |
|
0,96 |
0,15 |
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|
−0,25 |
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|
MnО4 |
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|
||||||
¾¾® MnО4 |
|
¾¾® MnО4 |
¾¾® MnО2 |
¾¾→ ½Mn2О3 |
¾¾¾→ Mn(ОH)2 |
|||||||||||||||||
−1,56 |
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|
¾¾¾® Mn |
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||
Хром |
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||
Кислая: |
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|
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2– |
1,33 |
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|
3+ |
|
−0,41 |
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|
2+ |
−0,91 |
|
|
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|
½Cr2O7 |
¾¾® Cr |
|
|
¾¾¾® Cr |
|
¾¾¾® Cr |
|
|
|
|
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|
||||||||||
Щелочная: |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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||
2– |
|
−0,13 |
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|
−1,1 |
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|
−1,4 |
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|
CrO4 |
¾¾¾® Cr(OH)3 |
¾¾® Cr(OH)2 |
¾¾® Cr |
|
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|||||||||||||
Железо |
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||
Кислая: |
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|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
2– |
|
1,9 |
|
3+ |
|
|
0,771 |
|
2+ |
|
−0,473 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|||
FeО4 |
¾¾® Fe |
|
¾¾¾® Fe |
|
¾¾¾® Fe |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Щелочная:
66
Fe(ОH)3 ¾−¾0¾,56® Fe(ОH)2 ¾−¾0,877¾→ Fe
Кобальт
Кислая:
Со3+ ¾1¾,95® Со2+ ¾−¾0¾,29® Со
Щелочная:
Со(ОH)3 ¾0¾,17® Со(ОH)2 ¾−¾0¾,71® Со
67