Questions

1. What are the two main ways of replenishment of the vocabulary?

2. What is the role of the borrowings?

3. What does the process of lexicalization mean?

4. What is shortening? What kinds of shortening exist?

5. What is letter abbreviation? In what way does it differ from acronymy?

6. What is clipping? What types of clipping are distinguished?

7. What is back-formation?

8. In what way the names of people and places are used in word-formation?

9. What is onomatopoeia?

10. In what way reduplication is used?

11. What is analogical word-formation?

Practical Assignments

Exercise 1. Read the following examples. Explain the changes in the sound forms of morphemes.

1. Decide – decision, collide – collision, divide – division.

2. Deduce – deduction, produce – production, reduce – reduction.

3. Press – pressure, express – expression.

4. Describe – description, conclude – conclusion, breathe – breath, bathe – bath, duke – duchess.

Exercise 2. Define the type of meaning expressed in morphemes.

1. Detain – de-organize.

2. Reduce – rebuild.

3. Undergo – understand.

4. Booklet – hamlet.

5. Policeman – chairman.

Exercise 3. Comment on the character of morphemes in the following words.

1. Television, telephone, telegramme, telescope.

2. Claustrophobia, claustrophilia, bibliophilia.

3. Megatanker, megapolis, megajet.

4. Multimedia, multipack, multiversity.

5. Discomania, Beatlesmania, legolomania.

6. Hamburger, cheeseburger, fishburger.

7. Artmobile, bookmobile, snowmobile, tourmobile.

8. Motel, boatel, floatel, airtel.

Exercise 4. Divide the following words into simplexes and complexes. Comment on their difference.

History, brainy, purity, anxiety, productivity, public, graphic, receive, recycle, spider, creator, enrich, engage, stay, outstay.

Exercise 5.Explain the difference between stem-building and derivational morphemes.

1. Public – economic

2. Anxious – famous

3. Anxiety – safety

4. Childish – distinguish

5. Underline – understand

Exercise 6. Define the type of the derivational base in the following words. Comment on the morphological stem the derivational base was built on.

Unreasonable, disagreeable, misunderstanding, unmistakable, indivisibility, prehistoric, practical, reorganize, enrichment, popularity, consciousness, helplessness, handful, discouragement, high-principled, preconceive, health, enthusiastic, investigation, sentimentality, insufficient.

Exercise 7. Explain the etymology and productivity of the following affixes. Say what parts of speech can be formed with their help.

-ness, -ous, -ly, -y, -dom, -ish, -tion, -ed, -en, -ess, -or, -er, -hood, -less, -ate, -ing, -al, -ful, un-, re-, dis-, over-, ab-.

Exercise 8. Comment on the way compounds are built.

Green-house, rope-ripe, shock-frock, baby-moon, within, fifty-fifty, ball-point, handicraft, train-sick, singer-songwriter, woman-doctor, roadway, nuclear-free, tradesmen, wheelchair, Afro-American, ping-pong, whitewash, looking-glass, hairdresser.

Exercise 9. Differentiate between coordinative and subordinative compounds.

Secretary-stenographer, spring-fresh, Oxbridge, raincoat, criss-cross, silverware, eggshell-thin, foot-sore, Anglo-Saxon, dog-cheap, breast-high.

Exercise 10. Analyze the morphological structure of the following compounds.

Tip-top, cornflower-blue, V-day, intervision, three-D, Ecoforum, mill-owner, snow-white, hunting-knife, H-bomb, swimming-pool, dining-room, shoe-maker, taxi-driver.

Exercise 11. Differentiate between syntactical and asyntactical compounds.

Sky-blue, broadcaster, shopkeeper, buttonhole, night-table, letter-writer, cinema-goer, lamp-shade, salesmen, side-gate.

Exercise 12. State the degree of motivation in the following compounds.

Smoking-room, arm-chair, pigtails, marble-topped, wastepaper, butterfinger, self-reliance, loudspeaker, notebook, chatterbox, tallboy.

Exercise 13. Differentiate between compound proper and derivational compounds.

Blackmail, background, spokesman, cross-examination, thinly-haired, do-gooder, bluebell, side-walk, spring-clean, laughing-stock, reed-bed, backbencher, toothache, traffic-light, eyelash, sweet-tooth, trade-union, tin-opener, three-cornered, baby-sitter, baby-sit.

Exercise 14. State the direction of derivation in the following conversion pairs.

1. A wireless – to wireless

2. A chain – to chain

3. A wave – to wave

4. A try – to try

5. A swim – to swim

6. A cover – to cover

7. A stab – to stab

8. Taste – to taste

9. A stand – to stand

10. A make – to make

Exercise 15. Analyze the semantic relations between the words in conversion pairs.

1. Dry – to dry

2. Narrow – to narrow

3. A bore – to bore

4. A shoulder – to shoulder

5. Fish – to fish

6. A bite – to bite

7. A thumb – to thumb

8. Fire – to fire

9. A show – to show

10. Slow – to slow

Exercise 16. State the way the words are built.

Phone, vet, exams, foots, trig, Jap, fridge, granny, to edit, e.g., pub, UNO, ex-PM, flu, to beg, doc, radar, A-bomb, pockemon, smog, pop, bye-bye, nighty, AIDS, ABC, cheeseburger, mike.

ЛИТЕРАТУРА

1. Антрушина, Г. Б. Лексикология английского языка / Г. Б. Антрушина, О. В. Афанасьева, Н. Н. Морозова. – Изд. 4-е, стер. – М : Дрофа, 2004. – 287 с.

2. Беляевская, Е. Г. Текст лекций по семантике английского языка /

Е. Г. Беляевская. – М : Просвещение, 1985. – 126 с.

3. Дубенец, Е. М. Современный английский язык. Лексикология /

Е. М. Дубенец. – М : Глосса-пресс, 2004. – 192 с.