- •24.3 HYDRAULICS
- •24.4 OTHER SYSTEMS
- •24.5 SUMMARY
- •24.6 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •24.7 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •24.8 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •25. CONTINUOUS CONTROL
- •25.1 INTRODUCTION
- •25.2 CONTROL OF LOGICAL ACTUATOR SYSTEMS
- •25.3 CONTROL OF CONTINUOUS ACTUATOR SYSTEMS
- •25.3.1 Block Diagrams
- •25.3.2 Feedback Control Systems
- •25.3.3 Proportional Controllers
- •25.3.4 PID Control Systems
- •25.4 DESIGN CASES
- •25.4.1 Oven Temperature Control
- •25.4.2 Water Tank Level Control
- •25.5 SUMMARY
- •25.6 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •25.7 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •25.8 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •26. FUZZY LOGIC
- •26.1 INTRODUCTION
- •26.2 COMMERCIAL CONTROLLERS
- •26.3 REFERENCES
- •26.4 SUMMARY
- •26.5 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •26.6 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •26.7 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •27. SERIAL COMMUNICATION
- •27.1 INTRODUCTION
- •27.2 SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS
- •27.2.1.1 - ASCII Functions
- •27.3 PARALLEL COMMUNICATIONS
- •27.4 DESIGN CASES
- •27.4.1 PLC Interface To a Robot
- •27.5 SUMMARY
- •27.6 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •27.7 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •27.8 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •28. NETWORKING
- •28.1 INTRODUCTION
- •28.1.1 Topology
- •28.1.2 OSI Network Model
- •28.1.3 Networking Hardware
- •28.1.4 Control Network Issues
- •28.2 NETWORK STANDARDS
- •28.2.1 Devicenet
- •28.2.2 CANbus
- •28.2.3 Controlnet
- •28.2.4 Ethernet
- •28.2.5 Profibus
- •28.2.6 Sercos
- •28.3 PROPRIETARY NETWORKS
- •28.3.1 Data Highway
- •28.4 NETWORK COMPARISONS
- •28.5 DESIGN CASES
- •28.5.1 Devicenet
- •28.6 SUMMARY
- •28.7 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •28.8 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •28.9 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •29. INTERNET
- •29.1 INTRODUCTION
- •29.1.1 Computer Addresses
- •29.1.2 Phone Lines
- •29.1.3 Mail Transfer Protocols
- •29.1.4 FTP - File Transfer Protocol
- •29.1.5 HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol
- •29.1.6 Novell
- •29.1.7 Security
- •29.1.7.1 - Firewall
- •29.1.7.2 - IP Masquerading
- •29.1.8 HTML - Hyper Text Markup Language
- •29.1.9 URLs
- •29.1.10 Encryption
- •29.1.11 Compression
- •29.1.12 Clients and Servers
- •29.1.13 Java
- •29.1.14 Javascript
- •29.1.16 ActiveX
- •29.1.17 Graphics
- •29.2 DESIGN CASES
- •29.2.1 Remote Monitoring System
- •29.3 SUMMARY
- •29.4 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •29.5 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •29.6 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •30. HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACES (HMI)
- •30.1 INTRODUCTION
- •30.2 HMI/MMI DESIGN
- •30.3 DESIGN CASES
- •30.4 SUMMARY
- •30.5 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •30.6 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •30.7 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •31. ELECTRICAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
- •31.1 INTRODUCTION
- •31.2 ELECTRICAL WIRING DIAGRAMS
- •31.2.1 Selecting Voltages
- •31.2.2 Grounding
- •31.2.3 Wiring
- •31.2.4 Suppressors
- •31.2.5 PLC Enclosures
- •31.2.6 Wire and Cable Grouping
- •31.3 FAIL-SAFE DESIGN
- •31.4 SAFETY RULES SUMMARY
- •31.5 REFERENCES
- •31.6 SUMMARY
- •31.7 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •31.8 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •31.9 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •32. SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
- •32.1 INTRODUCTION
- •32.1.1 Fail Safe Design
- •32.2 DEBUGGING
- •32.2.1 Troubleshooting
- •32.2.2 Forcing
- •32.3 PROCESS MODELLING
- •32.4 PROGRAMMING FOR LARGE SYSTEMS
- •32.4.1 Developing a Program Structure
- •32.4.2 Program Verification and Simulation
- •32.5 DOCUMENTATION
- •32.6 COMMISIONING
- •32.7 REFERENCES
- •32.8 SUMMARY
- •32.9 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •32.10 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •32.11 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •33. SELECTING A PLC
- •33.1 INTRODUCTION
- •33.2 SPECIAL I/O MODULES
- •33.3 SUMMARY
- •33.4 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •33.5 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •33.6 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •34. FUNCTION REFERENCE
- •34.1 FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
- •34.1.1 General Functions
- •34.1.2 Program Control
- •34.1.3 Timers and Counters
- •34.1.4 Compare
- •34.1.5 Calculation and Conversion
- •34.1.6 Logical
- •34.1.7 Move
- •34.1.8 File
- •34.1.10 Program Control
- •34.1.11 Advanced Input/Output
- •34.1.12 String
- •34.2 DATA TYPES
plc function ref - 34.42
AWT, AWA - Ascii WriTe, Ascii Write Append |
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A |
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AWT |
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ASCII WRITE |
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Channel |
0 |
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Source |
ST11:9 |
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Control |
R6:3 |
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String Length |
14 |
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Characters Sent |
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Description: |
The AWT instruction will send a character string. In this example, when |
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’A’ goes from false to true, up to 14 characters will be sent from |
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’ST11:9’ to channel 0. This does not append any end of line charac- |
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ters. |
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The AWA function has a similar operation, except that the channel con- |
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figuration characters are added - by default these are ’CR’ and ’LF’. |
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Status Bits: |
EN |
enable - this will be set while the instruction is active |
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DN |
done - this will be set after the string has been sent |
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ER |
error bit - set when an error has occurred |
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UL |
unload - |
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EM |
empty - set if no string was found |
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EU |
queue - |
Registers: |
POS |
the number of characters sent instructions |
Available on: Micrologix, PLC-5
34.2 DATA TYPES
The following table describes the arguments and return values for functions. Some notes are;
•’immediate’ values are numerical, not memory addresses.
•’returns’ indicates that the function returns that data value.
•numbers between ’[’ and ’]’ indicate a range of values.
•values such as ’yes’ and ’no’ are typed in literally.
plc function ref - 34.43
Table 1: Instruction Data Types
Function |
Argument |
Data Types |
Edge Triggered |
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ABL |
channel |
immediate int [0-4] |
yes |
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control |
R |
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characters |
returns N |
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ACB |
channel |
immediate int [0-4] |
yes |
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control |
R |
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characters |
returns N |
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ACI |
source |
ST |
no |
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destination |
N |
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ACN |
source A |
ST |
no |
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source B |
ST |
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ACS |
source |
N,F,immediate |
no |
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destination |
N,F |
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ADD |
source A |
N,F,immediate |
no |
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source B |
N,F,immediate |
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destination |
N,F |
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AEX |
source |
ST |
no |
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index |
immediate int [0-82] |
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number |
immediate int [0-82] |
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destination |
ST |
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AFI |
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no |
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AHL |
channel |
immediate int [0-4] |
yes |
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AND mask |
immediate hex [0000-ffff] |
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OR mask |
immediate hex [0000-ffff] |
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control |
R |
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AIC |
source |
N, immediate int |
no |
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destination |
ST |
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ARD |
channel |
immediate int [0-4] |
yes |
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destination |
ST |
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control |
R |
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string length |
immediate int [0-83] |
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characters read |
returns N |
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plc function ref - 34.44
Table 1: Instruction Data Types
Function |
Argument |
Data Types |
Edge Triggered |
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ARL |
channel |
immediate int [0-4] |
yes |
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destination |
ST |
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control |
R |
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string length |
immediate int [0-83] |
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characters read |
returns N |
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ASC |
source |
ST |
no |
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index |
N, immediate |
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search |
ST |
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result |
R |
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ASN |
source |
N,F,immediate |
no |
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destination |
N,F |
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ASR |
source A |
ST |
no |
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source B |
ST |
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ATN |
source |
N,F,immediate |
no |
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destination |
N,F |
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AVE |
file |
#F,#N |
yes |
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destination |
F,N |
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control |
R |
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length |
N,immediate int |
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position |
returns N |
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AWA |
channel |
immediate int [0-4] |
yes |
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source |
ST |
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control |
R |
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string length |
immediate int [0-82] |
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characters sent |
returns N |
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AWT |
channel |
N, immediate int |
yes |
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source |
ST |
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control |
R |
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length |
immediate int [0-82] |
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characters sent |
returns N |
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BSL |
file |
#B,#N |
yes |
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control |
R |
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bit address |
any bit |
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length |
immediate int [0-16000] |
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