МЕТОДИКА ОБУЧЕНИЯ ГЕОГРАФИИ ГОСЫ

Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɭɤɚ ɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɚɹ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚ ɋɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɧɚɭɤɚɦɢ

Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ± ɱɚɫɬɧɚɹ ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɐɟɥɶ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɮɨɪɦ

ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɉɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ

Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ

xɊɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɢ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɭɪɫɚɦ

xɈɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ xɇɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ xɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ

xɈɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɟ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɨɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣ

ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɧɚɭɤɚɦ Ɉɧɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨ ɝɟɨɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ Ɇɟɠɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ Ɉɧɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ

ɉɪɢɺɦɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɉɪɢɟɦɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ± ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɭ

ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɭɸ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɷɬɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɚɹɱɚɫɬɶɦɟɬɨɞɚ ȼɢɞɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɩɪɢɺɦɵ±ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɟ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɮɨɪɦ ɭɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɺɦɨɜ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɋɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ

ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɸɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɨɫɨɛɨɟɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɧɚɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɋɭɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɟ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɡɚɞɚɱ Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɨɬ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɤɟ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɩɨ ɩɥɚɧɭ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɭ ɞɨɫɤɢ ɂɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ȼ ɫɥɨɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɯ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɞɟɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɥɚɧɭ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɩɥɚɧɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ Ɉɬɜɟɱɚɬɶ ɞɟɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬɥɢɛɨɫɦɟɫɬɚ ɥɢɛɨɭɞɨɫɤɢ ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɦɟɬɨɞɵɜɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ȼ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɯ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɦ ɫ ɨɛɯɨɞɨɦ ɩɨ ɪɹɞɚɦ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟ ɫ ɩɚɪɬɵ ɧɚ ɩɚɪɬɭɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɤɟ ɤɚɪɬɨɱɤɢ ɢɝɪɵ ɋɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɣ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ȼ ɫɥɨɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɤ ɛɟɫɟɞɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɨɱɤɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɩɥɚɤɚɬɚɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɚɧɤɟɬ Ɉɫɨɛɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɜ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɯ ȼɟɥɢɤɚ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɣ ɗɬɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ ɤɚɪɬɨɱɟɤ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɨɩɵɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɫɭɞɚɯ ɧɚ ɞɟɥɹɧɤɚɯ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɩɵɬɨɜ ɜ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɹɯ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɹɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɣ ȼ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɱɢɫɬɨɦ

ɜɢɞɟ Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ Ɍɪɭɞɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɞɪ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɉɪɢɟɦ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ

ɍɫɬɧɵɣ ɨɩɪɨɫ ± ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɉɪɢ ɭɫɬɧɨɦ ɨɩɪɨɫɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɮɪɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ Ɏɪɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɩɪɨɫ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɛɟɫɟɞɵ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɦ Ɉɧ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɣɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ȿɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɶ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ Ⱦɥɹɷɬɨɝɨɜɨɩɪɨɫɵɞɨɥɠɧɵɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɤɪɚɬɤɭɸɮɨɪɦɭɨɬɜɟɬɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɥɚɤɨɧɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɭɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɞɚɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɝɥɢɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɶɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɬɟɦɵ ɋɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɮɪɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɤ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɬɨ ɛɵɥ ɪɚɡɨɛɪɚɧ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɩɪɨɫ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ

ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹɧɚɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɣɫɹɤɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɦɭɭɱɟɛɧɨɦɭɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɭ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɧ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɱɢ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɑɬɨɛɵ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɭɸ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɭ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ ɂɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɶ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɷɬɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹɉɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɮɪɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɬɟɫɬɨɜ ɢ ɬɚɤ ɞɚɥɟɟ Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɤɚɤ

ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɢɤɬɚɧɬɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɬɟɫɬ ± ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɰɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɱɺɬɤɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɦɚɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ

ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɋɪɟɞɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɨɛɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ

ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɢɺɦɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɤɚɪɬɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɚ ± ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɱɬɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɒɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɟɫɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɫ ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ Ɉɧɚ ɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɧɚɭɱɧɭɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ Ȼɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɚ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɚ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɫ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ Ɉɧɚ ɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨ ɩɫɢɯɨɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɨɜ Ɂɧɚɧɢɟ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬɜɵɛɨɪɭɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɫ ɥɨɝɢɤɨɣ Ɂɚɤɨɧɵ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɭɪɫɟ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ ɞ ɋɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɫ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɟɣ

ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɭɪɫɨɜ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ

Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɭɪɨɤɭ

ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɭɪɨɤɭ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɭɪɨɤɭ ɛɵɜɚɸɬ ɱɟɬɵɪɺɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ

Ⱦɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɱɺɬɤɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɭɪɨɤɨɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɫ ɭɱɺɬɨɦ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹɭɱɺɬ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɜɵɛɨɪ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɩɪɢɺɦɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɦɟɠɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ

ȼɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɢ ɦɨɬɢɜɨɜɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɚɤɬɚ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɢɹɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ

Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɭɪɨɤɭɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɦɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɤɚɱɺɬɤɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɭɪɨɤɚɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ

ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣɡɚɜɟɪɲɺɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɟɝɨ ɝɢɛɤɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɶ

Ƚɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɜɟɳɺɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɬɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɬɞ

ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɤɚɤ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ȼ ɧɟɦ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ȼ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɨ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ

ɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ ɭɦɟɸɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɨɦ ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɣ ɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭ ȼɚɠɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɚɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɩɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɨɜ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ

ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨɢ ɭɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɚɯ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɣ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɟ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɨɛɳɟɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɚɯ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɤ

ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɵ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ©Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɨɦª ɞɚɧɵ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɍɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ȼɧɟɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɉɨɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ Ɉɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ ɂɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ Ʉɚɪɬɵ ɋɯɟɦɵ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɵ Ɉɝɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ

Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ

Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ± ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɗɬɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ

ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɟɦɚɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ

Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ

ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɰɟɥɹɦ ɭɪɨɤɚɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ

ɋ ɟ ɦ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹɋ ɟ ɦ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ

ɋ ɟ ɦ ɜ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦ ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɤɢɉɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ

Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ

ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɢ ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɝɪɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɨɨɳɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɪɢɰɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣɆɟɬɨɞɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɭɫɬɧɵɣ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɬɟɫɬɵ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɚɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɆɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ

Ⱥ ɩɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɭ ɡɧɚɧɢɣɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɟɫɟɞɚ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɥɟɤɰɢɹ Ɋɚɫɫɤɚɡ ɦɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ Ɉɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ Ȼɟɫɟɞɚ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɣ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɦɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ Ʌɟɤɰɢɹ ɦɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɜɨɸ ɥɨɝɢɤɭ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɢ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɣɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɟ Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɤɚɡ

ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɣ Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɤɚɡ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɞɪ Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ

Ɍɢɩɵ ɭɪɨɤɨɜ Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ

ɍɪɨɤ ɮɨɪɦɚɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɦɤɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɠɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ ɇɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɢɟɞɢɧɚɹ ɰɟɥɶ ɨɛɭɱɢɬɶ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɶ

Ɍɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɭɪɨɤɚ ȿɫɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɭɪɨɤɨɜ

1 ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɰɟɥɟɣɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɤɪɚɬɤɢɣ ɨɩɪɨɫ ɩɨ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɭɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɞ ɡ ɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɬɨɝɨɜ

2.ɍɪɨɤ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɣɞɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɭɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɞ ɡ ɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɬɨɝɨɜ

3.Ʉɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɤ

ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɣɞɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɭɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɭɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɸ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɞ ɡ ɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɬɨɝɨɜ

4.ɍɪɨɤ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ

ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨ ɜɵɧɟɫɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɬɨɝɨɜ

5.ɍɪɨɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ Ɂɍɇɨɜ

ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɣɞɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɭɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɡɚɱɟɬ ɷɤɡɚɦɟɧ

ɐɟɥɶ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ

ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɨ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɸɐɟɥɶ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɎɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ

ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɁɚɞɚɱɢ Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɨɛ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɢ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɤɪ ɫɪ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹɊɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɫɬɧɨɦɭ ɢ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɨɦɭ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɷɤɨɥ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɤɪ ɫɪ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɥ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɷɤɨɥ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɸ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɟɥɚɯ ɩɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɨɤɪ ɫɪȼɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ

ɞɟɹɬɟɥɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɤɪ ɫɪ

ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɥ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ

ɍɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɢɞɟɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ ɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ Ɉɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɩɨɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸɢɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ

ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɠɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɡɦɚ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ

ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɍɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɚ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɭɠɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ

Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ

ȼɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɋɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɟɬ ɝɨɬɨɜɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɚ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɟɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɸɬ ɢ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɸɬ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ Ɋɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ

ɫɨɨɛɳɚɟɬ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɝɨɬɨɜɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɚ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɸɬ ɢɯ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɦ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ

Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɋɭɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɢ ɫɚɦ ɟɟ ɪɟɲɚɟɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɹ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɯɨɞ ɦɵɫɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɍɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɟɞɹɬ ɡɚ ɥɨɝɢɤɨɣ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɹ ɷɬɚɩɵ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɜ

ɫɟɛɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɵɣ ɷɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ - ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɲɚɸɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɭɱɟɛɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɧɟ ɨɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɢ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɚ ɥɢɲɶ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɉɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɟɬ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɲɚɝɨɜ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɑɚɫɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɹɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ

ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɋɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɟɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɸɬɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ

ȼɢɞɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ± ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɰɟɥɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɢ

ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɭɫɩɟɯɨɜ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɢ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɸɳɭɸ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɭɸ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɭɸ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɭɸ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɭɸ Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ±ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɦ ± ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɩɨ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɦ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ± ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ± ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ± ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɦ

Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɣ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɬɫɪɨɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ Ɉɧ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɭɸ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ Ɍɟɤɭɳɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ

ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ȼɟɞɭɳɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ± ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɢ ɟɟ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ Ɉɧ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɯɨɞɟ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɉɨɜɬɨɪɧɵɣ ± ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɵ Ɍɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɟ Ɉɬɫɪɨɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɚɤɨɟ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɵ ɂɬɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɹɞɚ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧ ɂɬɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ± ɷɬɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɧ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɨɛ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɉɪɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɧɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ± ɷɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ

ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɦɢɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦɢ