Joints of the pelvic girdle and lower limbs

Joints

Articular surfaces

Ligaments

Type of joint

Axis of movement

Movements of a joint

Sacro-iliac joint (articulatio sacroiliaca)

auricular surfaces of the sacrum and ilium

interosseous sacro-iliac ligaments (ligg. sacroiliaca interossea);

anterior sacro-iliac ligaments (ligg. sacroiliaca anteriora);

posterior sacro-iliac ligaments (ligg. sacroiliaca posteriora);

iliolumber ligament (lig. iliolumbale);

sacrotuberous ligament (lig. sacrotuberale);

sacrospinous ligament (lig. sacrospinale);

falciform process (processus falciformis)

plane

multiaxial

immovable

Hip joint (articulatio coxae)

lunate surface of the acetabulum (it has acetabular labrum), femoral head

transverse acetabular ligament (lig. transversum acetabuli);

ligament of head of femur (lig. capitis femoris);

zona orbicularis (zona orbicularis);

iliofemoral ligament (lig. iliofemorale);

pubofemoral ligament (lig. pubofemorale);

ischiofemoral ligament (lig. ischiofemorale);

Ball and socket

multiaxial

flexion and extension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction of the femur

Knee joint (articulatio genus)

condyles and patellar surface of the femur, articular surfaces of the condyles of tibia , articular surface of patella.

(there are medial and lateral menisci)

transverse ligament of knee (lig. transversum genus);

tibial and fibular collateral ligaments (lig. collaterale tibiale, fibulare);

oblique popliteal ligament (lig. popliteum obliguum);

arcuate popliteal ligament (lig. popliteum arcuatum);

patellar ligament (lig. patellae);

anterior, posterior cruciate ligament (lig. cruciatum anterius, posterius);

lateral, medial retinaculum (retinaculum patellae laterale, mediale)

condyloid,

complex

biaxial

flexion and extension of the leg, slight rotation in flexion

Superior tibiofibular joint (articulatio tibiofibularis superior)

fibular articular facet, articular facet of the head of fibula

anterior, posterior ligament of fibular head (lig. capitis fibulae anterius, posterius)

plane

multiaxial

sedentary

Anatomy variants:

Tibiofibular syndesmosis // Inferior tibiofibular joint (syndesmosis tibiofibulaeis //(articulatio tibiofibularis inferior)

fibular notch of the tibia, articular surface of lateral malleolus

anterior, posterior tibiofibular ligament (lig. tibiofibulare anterius, posterius)

synarthrosis //

plane

— //

multiaxial

sedentary

Ankle joint (articulatio talocruraris)

articular facets of the both malleoli , inferior articular surface of tibia, trochlea of the talus

medial (deltoid) ligament (lig. collaterale mediale [deltoideum]) is composed of 4 pars: tibionavicular (pars tibionavicularis) , tibiocalcanean (pars tibiocalcanea), anterior, posterior tibiotalar (pars. tibiotalaris ant., post);

lateral ligament (lig. collaterale laterale) is composed of 3 ligaments:

anterior, posterior talofibular ligament (lig. talofibulare anterius, posterius);

calcaneofibular ligament (lig. calcaneofibulare)

composite

trochoid

uniaxial (frontal)

(plantar)flexion and extension(dorsal flexion) of the foot, slight side movements in plantar flexion

Talocalcaneo-

navicular joint (articulatlo talocalcaneo-

navicularis)

navicular articular surface of the head of the talus, anterior, middle calcanean(talar) articular surface of talus(calcaneus), posterior articular facet of the navicular

talonavicular ligament (lig. talonaviculare);

plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (lig. calcaneonaviculare plantare);

composite, ball and socket,

combined

multiaxial

abduction, adduction of the foot

Subtalar joint (art. subtalaris)

posterior talar articular surface of calcaneus, posterior calcanean articular surface of talus

medial, lateral, posterior, interosseus talocalcaneal ligament (lig. talocalcaneum med,lat.post., interosseum);

hinge, combined

uniaxial (saggital)

abduction, adduction of the foot

Calcaneocuboid joint (art. calcaneocuboidea)

cuboid articular surface of the calcaneus, posterior articular surface of the cuboid bone

dorsal, plantar calcaneocuboid ligament (lig. calcaneocuboideum plantare,dorsale);

long plantar ligament (lig. plantare longum)

saddle

biaxial (saggital,

frontal)

rotation

Cuneonavicular joint

(art. cuneonavicularis )

anterior articular surface of the navicular bone, posterior articular surfaces of the 3 cuneiform bones

plantar and dorsal cuneonavicular ligaments (ligg. cuneonavicularia plantaria et dorsalia);

plane

multiaxial

sedentary

Intercuneiform joints (art. intercuneiformia)

face-to-face articular facets of cuneiform bones

interosseus intercuneiform ligaments (ligg. intercuneiformia interossea);

plantar and dorsal intercuneiform ligaments (ligg. intercuneiformia plantaria et dorsalia)

plane

multiaxial

sedentary

Cuneocuboid joint

(art. cuneocuboidea )

cuboid articular surface of the

lateral cuneiform bone and cuneiform articular surface cuboid

plantar, dorsal, interosseus cuneocuboid ligament (lig. cuneocuboideum plantare,dorsale);

plane

multiaxial

sedentary

Cuboideonavicular joint

(art.cuboideonavicularis )

cuboid articular surface of the

navicular bone and navicular articular surface cuboid

plantar, dorsal cuboideonavicular ligament (lig. cuboidinaviculare plantare,dorsale);

plane

multiaxial

sedentary

Tarsometatarsal joints

(articulationes tarsometatarsales)

anterior articular surface of the 3 cuneiform and cuboid bones, bases of 5 metatarsal bones (form 3 separate joints)

plantar and dorsal tarsometatarsal ligaments (ligg. tarsometatarsalia plantaria et dorsalia);

interosseus cuneometatarsal ligaments( ligg. cuneometatarsalia interossea)

plane

multiaxial

sedentary

Intermetatarsal joints

(articulationes intermetatarseae)

face-to-face articular facets of metatarsal bones

interosseus metatarsal ligaments (ligg. metatarsalia interossea);

plantar and dorsal metatarsal ligaments (ligg. metatarsalia plantaria et dorsalia)

plane

multiaxial

sedentary

Metatarsophalangeal joints

(articulationes metatarsophalangeae)

articular surfaces of the heads of the metatarsal bones and base of the phalanges

collateral ligaments (ligamenta collateralia);

plantar ligaments (ligamenta plantaria);

deep transverse metatarsal ligaments (ligg. metatarsalia transversa prfunda)

elipsoid

biaxial (saggital,

frontal)

abduction, adduction, flexion, extension of the toes

Interphalangeal joints of foot

(articulationes interphalangeae pedis)

articular surfaces of the heads and bases of the adjoining phalanges

collateral ligaments (ligamenta collateralia);

plantar ligaments (ligamenta plantaria)

hinge

uniaxial (frontal)

flexion, extension of the phalanges