§ 3 Функции «it»
The Functions of «it»
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Функции |
Перевод |
Примеры |
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указательное местоимение |
это |
It is a good resolution and
it is important that it will be adopted. You have to consider it! |
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формальное подлежащее* |
не переводится | |
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личное местоимение 3 лица ед.ч. |
он, она, оно; его, ее | |
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именно лишь только это как раз |
It is this method that yielded best results. Именно этот метод оказался наиболее результативным. |
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притяжательное местоимение its |
его, ее |
This price, in its dollar equivalent… Эта цена, в ее долларовом эквиваленте... |
часть
усилительной конструкции It
is
... that,
которая переводится*
* В качестве формального подлежащего «it» входит в безличные конструкции следующих типов:
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а)
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It takes… (+ to V) – требуется It seems (that)... – кажется/похоже, что It turns out (that)… – оказывается
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b)
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It is said that…– говорят, что It is known that…– известно, что It was planned…– планируется It has been estimated…– было подсчитано
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В качестве дополнения «it» может стоять после глаголов find, make, think (+ adj + to V) и также не переводится на русский язык.
I find it difficult to discuss this question with you.
Мне трудно обсуждать этот вопрос с вами.
I thought it necessary to discuss this problem.
Мы считаем необходимым обсудить эту проблему.
Demand analysis makes it possible to determine customer needs.
Анализ спроса позволяет (делает возможным) определить потребности покупателей.
В усилительной конструкции It is ... that вместо that могут употребляться местоимения which, who.
It was Mary who made the report.
Именно Мэри подготовила отчет.
Упражнения
1. Составьте из двух предложений одно так, чтобы «it» было его формальным подлежащим, то есть не переводилось.
Example: We can’t get there in time. It’s impossible. – It’s impossible to get there in time.
Joint ventures are to be governed by Russian law. It’s obvious.
We should not produce goods which are not in high demand. It’s not profitable.
You can start up a one-person firm. It is not difficult.
One shouldn’t be in debt before one starts business. It is unwise.
This business has flourished over the years. It’s not surprising.
We could achieve this target. It’s quite realistic.
2. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода местоимения «it».
A 1) It was a mistake. 2) It is not my style. 3) It is the world’s number one brand. 4) I am not sure we should do it really. 5) This is how it is done.
В 1) It is not surprising that the collapse in prices led to a severe economic recession. 2) It is necessary to strengthen the banking system mostly through consolidation of small and medium-sized banks. 3) These days it is useless to invest in this currency. 4) It is undesirable that the rate of unemployment should be over four percent. 5) It would have been impossible to pursue such a policy without a ramified network of local banks.
С 1) I don't understand your point. Can you explain it a bit more clearly? 2) The CB announced that it would issue federal loan bonds. 3) As regards the situation nationwide, the government could rectify it by raising export duties. 4) The value of an asset usually means the amount for which it currently could be sold. 5) The stock market crash in the US in 1929 was huge and it led to a severe and lasting economic crisis in the world. 6) The company admitted that it is no longer able to supply the market with its most popular product. 8) The president had set before the government the tough task of bunging down inflation. Can it cope with it?
D 1) It is at the age of 65 that people in many European countries can retire. 2) It was EEC established in 1957 that accounted for 2/5 of the world trade. 3) It is through the Bank of England that the Government's monetary policy is implemented. 4) It is due to such system that the Western economy achieved the results which we admire today. 5) It is the organization of labour at this enterprise that requires improvement first. 6) It is Russia's exporters' and importers' businesses that affect GDP. 7) It is Yukos’ gas assets that interest Gazprom most. 8) It is due to independent auditing that reliable information about financial position of the company has been published. 9) It is due to unlimited liability that the personal assets of the owner, including his home and car, can be sold to settle the debts of the business. 10) In terms of size and influence it is the corporation that has become the dominant business form existing in most countries with free market economy. 11) It was due to the issuing of additional shares that the public company could finance this project.
E 1) The economic resources of an entity are called its assets. 2) This country supported Russia in its bid for membership in the WTO. 3) This price in its dollar equivalent is roughly equal to retail prices in America. 4) This country appears to live according to a strange law: as its economy booms, life becomes harder for its citizens. 5) Dividends that a corporation pays to its shareholders are a distribution of net income. 6) Accounts receivable are amounts owed to the entity by its customers. 7) The Association of Regional Banks, whose name denotes its orientation towards the regions, last year admitted many Moscow banks into its ranks, bringing the share of Moscow banks in its membership to 36%.
F 1) I find it strange that she does not want to travel. She finds it boring. She finds it boring to stay at home. 2) New technology will make it possible to enter new markets. 3) It was planned to double national income and the industrial output. 4) It will take over a year to learn how to run a business.