English for Science and Engineering Students.-2

Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования

«Томский государственный университет систем управления и радиоэлектроники»

Л.Б. Кадулина, Л.Е. Лычковская, Е.И. Нижевич

ENGLISH FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING STUDENTS

Учебное пособие

для студентов направлений бакалавриата РТФ, РКФ, ФВС, ФЭТ

Томск

ТУСУР

2017

Contents

От авторов

Настоящее учебное пособие составлено на основе требований федеральных государственных образовательных стандартов высшего образования (ФГОС ВО) для студентов направлений бакалавриата. Основная цель учебного пособия – формирование у студентов общекультурных и профессиональных компетенций, необходимых для социального и профессионального взаимодействия.

При разработке учебного материала авторы учитывали необходимость повторения и обобщения основных грамматических и лексических явлений, изученных в средней школе, а также необходимость углубленного изучения лингвистических понятий и представлений для межличностного общения и будущей профессиональной деятельности.

Тематика текстов определяется минимумом общетехнических знаний, которым обладают студенты первого курса следующих факультетов технического университета: радиотехнического, радиоконструкторского, электронной техники, вычислительных систем и подобных им. Тексты пособия отобраны с учетом их информативности и соответствия последним достижениям науки и техники и представлены по принципу постепенного усложнения языкового материала и тематики.

Пособие состоит из двух разделов: Reading Course (RC), который содержит адаптированные научно-популярные тексты с коммуникативными упражнениями) и Oral Speech Course (OSC) - вузовские темы бытового и страноведческого характера.

Предъявление учебного материала рекомендуется осуществлять следующим образом.

Unit 1 (OSC) Personal Life Unit 1 (RC ) Communication Unit 2 (OSC) Education

Unit 2 (RC) Radio

Unit 3 (OSC) The Russian Federation Unit 3 (RC) Electronics

Unit 4 (RC) Television

Unit 5 (RC) Computers

Unit 4 (OSC) The United Kingdom

Unit 9 (RC) Optical Communication

Условные обозначения:

–тексты для чтения

–устные упражнения

Л.Б. Кадулина, Л.Е. Лычковская, Е.И. Нижевич

3

Grammar: functions of the verbs to be, to have; multifunctional words one and it;

adjectives and adverbs: degrees of comparison

Text A

COMMUNICATION

Pretext exercises

1.1. Read the words and try to guess their meaning.

Communication, activity, culture, industrial revolution, telegraph, telephone, radio, television, period, element, process, message, receiver, theory, form, camera, decade, technology, regular, system, era, information, progress, popular.

1.2. Read the following words and mind their pronunciation.

1.3. Read the text.

COMMUNICATION

Communication is an important human activity. It is responsible for the development of cultures and their evolution or downfall. During the industrial revolution new communication techniques began to evolve. Telegraph, telephone, radio, television were developed in a relatively short period of time. Communication equipment and techniques are still being developed and improved.

The main elements in any communication process are a message source, a message medium and a receiver. Noise is an important concept in communication theory. It is determined in communication theory as any signal that interferes with the message being transmitted. Radio static is a form of noise. Dirt on camera lens is noise also.

In 1875 Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. In the 20th century the number of telephones in use in the world grew at almost 100 percent per decade. A great contribution to long-distance communication came with the development of wireless technology. Before the First World War wireless telegraphy was established as a means of regular communication with ships at sea. In the next few years the telephone systems of all the countries were connected with each other by radio. The inventor of the radio was the Russian scientist A.S. Popov.

Nowadays we live in era, when information is the key and engine of progress. Our society needs the perfect means of information exchange. That is why today the Internet, cell phones, radio, television as the popular means of communication are under permanent development.

1.4. Match the English words with their Russian equivalents.

6

1.5. Match the words which have the opposite meaning.

1.6. Match the words which have the similar meaning.

1.7. Choose the equivalents to the Russian words.

7

1.8. Read the text.

The communication system may be symbolically presented in the following way. The information source selects a desired messages out of a set of possible messages. The selected message may consist of written or spoken words, pictures, music, etc. The transmitter changes this message into the signal which is sent over the communication channel from the transmitter to the receiver.

In the fixed telephone the channel is a wire, the signal is the electric current on this wire. The transmitter is the device which changes the sound pressure of the voice into the electric current.

In the case of radio, the channel is simply space and the signal is the electromagnetic wave which is transmitted.

The receiver is the device which changes the transmitted signal back into the message.

In the process of transmission some things are added to the signal. These unwanted additions may be distortions (искажения) of sound or static in radio. All of these changes in the transmitted signal are called noise.

1.9.Find in the text the words which correspond to the following definitions.

1.something that provides what is wanted or needed

2.a piece of information that is sent to someone

3.a system used for transmitting information from one place or person to another

4.a thin flexible thread of metal

5.the process of joining something to something else

6.the change of natural, normal sound, picture in a way that is usually not attractive

7.unwanted electronic signals that harm the quality of something

1.10.Choose the correct word and fill in the blank with it.

1.New … techniques began to develop during the industrial revolution.

1.11. Answer the questions.

1.What is communication?

2.What means of communication do you know?

3.What are the main elements of communication process?

4.What is noise?

5.What is A.Bell famous for?

6.What did A.S.Popov invent?

7.What are the most popular means of communication today?

1.12.Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.

1.А.Белл изобрел телефон в 1875 году.

2.Шум – это любой сигнал, который мешает передавать информацию.

3.Передатчик преобразует сообщение в сигнал, который передаётся к приёмнику.

4.В современном мире людям необходимы (need) разные средства связи.

5.Русский ученый А.С.Попов изобрел радио в 1895 году.

6.Сегодня мы можем передавать любую информацию на большие расстояния с большой скоростью.

7.Развитие беспроводной технологии помогло решить проблему связи на большие расстояния.

Text B

TELEPHONE

Pretext exercises

1.13. Read the following words and word combinations and try to guess their meaning.

Device, person, modernization, mobile, IP telephony, wi-fi, popular, compact, text messages, photos, e-mail, to communicate smart phone, GPS receivers, digital camera, personal computer, mobile phone, immune system, signal.

1.14. Read the following words and mind their pronunciation.

1.15. Read the text.

TELEPHONE

People have invented many useful devices. One of the most interesting and widely used inventions is the telephone. The modern phone that we use today is the result of work of many people. The first person who patented the telephone in 1876 was Alexander Graham Bell. Other scientists who also worked on telephone invention were Elisha Gray, Antonio Meucci, Thomas Edison and some others.

The 20th century was the era of phone development and modernization. Modern phones are presented mostly by mobiles, which support IP telephony and wi-fi. These phones have become highly popular over the last years. They are rather compact, handy and easy to carry around. Mobile phones allow us to make instant calls, send text messages, listen to music, play games, take photos, check an e-mail, etc. All mobile phone communications take place through a central control base station. Mobile units do not communicate directly with other mobile units. They send messages to the control base station and it transmits the messages to the other mobile units. The modern form of mobile phone is called “smart phone”. It has become very popular. Most smart phones are also GPS receivers and digital cameras. Thus, they have replaced not only fixed phones but also personal computers.

However, there are many people in the world who are against mobiles phones. They say that this device has a bad effect on people’s health. It can damage our eyesight and immune system. The signals that are sent from mobiles can be harmful. Some people also believe that phones prevent live communication. With the appearance of mobile phones and computers people meet up with their friends not so often. Nevertheless, telephone is a very useful and important device. We simply can’t live without it in the modern world. Nowadays almost all the city areas, many country areas are covered by mobile phone networks.

10