Адаптация животных к хроническим факторам
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ɫɟɬɟɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨ ɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɬɵɫɹɱɢ ɥɨɜɱɢɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɩɚɭɤɨɜ-ɤɪɭɝɨɩɪɹɞɨɜ A. marmoreus ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ ɧɚɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɥɨɜɱɢɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɪɢɫɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɦ ɛɟɫɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱ ɧɵɯ ɉɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ Ⱥ ɫɟɤɬɨɪ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ ɯɚ ɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɭɤɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɟ ɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɜɥɢɹɥɢ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɱɬɨ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɟ ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨ ɩɥɟɫɬɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɟɬɶ ɢ ɭɦɪɟɬ ɇɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɥɨɜɱɢɯ ɫɟɬɹɯ ɬɢɩɚ ȼ ɋ Ⱦ Ɏ ɢ ɇ ɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɹ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɉɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɥɨɜɱɢɯ ɫɟɬɹɯ ɩɚɭɤɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ
ȼ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɚɭɤɨɜ ɜ ɞɨ ɡɟ ɨɬ ɞɨ Ɋ ɱɚɫ ɧɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɢɩɚ)ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɟɛɹ ɜ ɧɟ ɡɚɩɥɟɬɟɧɢɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɥɨɜɱɟɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɫɟɬɢ ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟ ɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɩɚɭɤɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵ ɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ
K A
B C
Ɋɢɫ Ɍɢɩɵ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɜ ɥɨɜɱɢɯ ɫɟɬɹɯ ɩɚɭɤɨɜ-ɤɪɭɝɨɩɪɹɞɨɜ K ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɧɨɣ ɥɨɜɱɟɣ ɫɟɬɢ Ⱥ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ ȼ ɭɤɨɪɨɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɞɢɭɫ ɋ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɫɬɶ ɥɨɜɱɟɣ ɫɩɢɪɚɥɢ
ȼ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɩɚɭɤɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɩɨɝɢɛɚɥɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɞɨɡɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ Ɋ ɱɚɫ ɩɪɢ ɮɨɧɨɜɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɦ 12- ɦɤɊ ɱɚɫ ɉɪɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɚɭɤɨɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɥɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɚɧɨɦɚ ɥɢɣ) ɇ Ⱦ ɋ ɢ Ⱥ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ϳϲ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɥɨɜɱɢɯ ɫɟɬɨɤ ɩɚɭɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɝ ɋɟɜɟɪɫɤɟ ɢ ɨɤɪɟɫɬ ɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɝ Ɍɨɦɫɤɚ ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɢ ɩɨɜ ɜ ɫɟɬɹɯ ɩɚɭɤɨɜ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɢ)-ɬɢɩɚ ɞɨ ɢ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɢ Ⱥ-ɬɢɩɚ ɞɨ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɯ ɬɪɢɞɰɚɬɢɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɫɪɨɤ ɚɬɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɥɨɜɱɢɯ ɫɟɬɹɯ ɩɚɭɤɨɜ-ɤɪɭɝɨɩɪɹɞɨɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢɫɶ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ ɫɥɚɛɨɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ
K D
F H
Ɋɢɫ Ɍɢɩɵ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɜ ɥɨɜɱɢɯ ɫɟɬɹɯ ɩɚɭɤɨɜ-ɤɪɭɝɨɩɪɹɞɨɜ K ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɧɨɣ ɥɨɜɱɟɣ ɫɟɬɢ D ɪɚɡɞɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɚ
Fɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɥɨɜɱɢɯ ɧɢɬɟɣ ɜ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ
ɇɥɨɦɚɧɚɹ ɥɨɜɱɚɹ ɫɩɢɪɚɥɶ
ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɤɚɥɢɛɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɚɭɤɨɜ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɡɚɦɢ ɪɟɧɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɥɨɜɱɢɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɩɚɭɤɨɜ- ɤɪɭɝɨɩɪɹɞɨɜ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ±10 Ɋ ɱɚɫ ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɚɭɤɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɉɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟ ɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɥɨɜɱɢɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɧɚ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ
ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɜɵɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɚɭɤɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣ ɫɬɜɢɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɚɦɢɧɧɚɹ ɫɨɥɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɢɡ ɩɭɥɶɜɟɪɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɨɩɪɵɫɤɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɟɬɢ ɩɚɭɤɨɜ-ɤɪɭɝɨɩɪɹɞɨɜ ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜɵɹɫɧɢɥɨɫɶ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɚɦɢɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɥɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ϳϳ
ɥɨɜɱɢɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɋ-ɬɢɩɚ Ⱥɧɨɦɚɥɢɢ ɋ-ɬɢɩɚ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚɦ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɩɥɟɬɟɧɢɢ ɤɥɟɣɤɢɦɢ ɥɨɜɱɢɦɢ ɧɢɬɹ ɦɢ ɥɨɜɱɟɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɩɚɭɬɢɧɵ ɉɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɚɦɢɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɥɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬ ɜɨ©ɧɟɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɯªɫɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɟɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɢ ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ ɫɟɬɶ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɥ ɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɢɞɨɢɡɦɟɧɺɧɧɨɣ ȼ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɥɨɜɱɢɟ ɫɟɬɢ ɩɚɭɤɨɜ-ɤɪɭɝɨɩɪɹɞɨɜ ɠɢɜɭɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɨɫɧɹɤɟ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟ ɧɢɣ Ɍɨɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɬɚ Ⱦɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɧɚ ɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɥɨɜɱɢɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɢ ɋ-ɬɢɩɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚ ɥɢɫɶ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɚɦɢɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɥɢ ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɞɢɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɛɢɨɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɥɨɜɱɟɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɩɚɭɤɨɜ-ɤɪɭɝɨɩɪɹɞɨɜ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɸ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɥɨɜɱɢɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɩɚɭɤɨɜ-ɤɪɭɝɨɩɪɹɞɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɜɨɡ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɵ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɭɤɨɜ ɱɬɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɢ ɥɨɜɱɢɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢ ɢɯ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɚɭɤɨɜ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɥɨɜɱɢɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ Ⱥɞɚɩɬɢɜ ɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɥɨɜɱɢɯ ɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛ ɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɩɚɭɤɨɜ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɜɢɞɚ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢ ɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ ɫɬɢ Ɍɚɤ ɧɚ ɚɜɬɨɞɨɪɨɝɚɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɥɨɜɱɢɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟ ɫɬɜɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɥɨɜɱɟɣ ɡɨɧɵ Ɋɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɥɨɜɱɟɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɢɫɤɪɢɜ ɥɟɧɢɸ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɜɚɧɢɸ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɨɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɥɨɜɱɢɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɩɚɭɤɨɜ-ɤɪɭɝɨɩɪɹɞɨɜ
ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ ɩɨɥɧɵɣ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɥɨɜɱɢɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɩɚɭɤɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɞɟɬɢɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛ ɥɚɫɬɢ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɨɜ ɡɚɩɥɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɥɨɜɱɢɦɢ ɧɢɬɹɦɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɬɪɨɢ ɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɭɛɟɠɢɳɶ ɢ ɬ ɞ ɉɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɟ ɩɟɧɶɸ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɸɬɫɹ Ɉɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɟ ɚɪɯɟɨɬɢɩɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧ ɬɵ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɥɨɜɱɢɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɩɚɭɤɨɜ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɥɨɜɥɢ ɥɟɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɫɟɤɨɦɵɯ
ɉɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɯ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɜɢɞɚ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɥɨɜɱɢɟ ɫɟɬɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɚ ɸɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɩɚɭɤɢ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɸɬ ɩɥɟɫɬɢ ɫɟɬɢ ɦɢɝɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɛɢɨɬɨɩɵ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɝɢɛɚɸɬ ɏɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɟ ɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɨɜ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɚɭɤɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɹɞɭ ɩɨɤɨɥɟ ɧɢɣ ɂɡɦɟɧɺɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɺɧɧɵɟ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɬɛɨɪɨɦ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬ ɦɵ ɜɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɚ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɪɨ ɰɟɫɫɵ ɜɢɞɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɫɚɦɰɵ ɜ ɩɨɢɫɤɚɯ ɫɚɦɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɥɨɞɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɨɪɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɟɬɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ Ɉɬɫɭɬ ɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɢɞɨɜɵɯ ɥɨɜɱɢɯ ɫɟɬɨɤ ɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɞɚ ɛɢɨɬɨɩɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɟɤɫɭ ɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɬɹɡɚɧɢɹɦ ɤ ɫɚɦɤɚɦ ɛɥɢɡɤɨɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɜɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚ ɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɥɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɜɢɞɨɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨ ɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ
ϳϴ
Ƚɥɚɜɚ ɏɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɠɞɟ ɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ
Ⱦɨɠɞɟɜɵɟ ɱɟɪɜɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɢɬɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɢ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɷɮ ɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɥ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɱɭɜɫɬɜ ɜɢɛɪɨɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɵ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɯɨɜɵɟ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɵ ȼɵ ɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟ ɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ȼ ɫɥɨɟ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɱɟɪɜɢ ɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɨɞ ɜɫɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ Ɂɚɩɚɯɨɜɚɹ ɢ ɜɢɛɪɨ-ɪɟɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɢɦ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɝɚ ɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɇɟɮɬɶ ɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɩ ɪɞɭɤɬɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɺɧɧɵɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɩɨɱɜ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɤɨ ɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ Ʉɚɪɬɚɲɟɜ
2007).
ɏɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɧɚɦɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ Ʉ ɋ Ʉɨɡɥɨɜɵɦ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪ
ɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ |
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ȼ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ |
ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ |
ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ Lumbricus |
rubellus ɇ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ |
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɚ Ⱥ- ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩ ɥɢɜɚ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɚ ɢ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟ ɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɝɨ ɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɤɸɜɟɬɵ ɢɡ ɨɪɝɫɬɟɤɥɚ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɞɥɢɧɚ - ɦ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ - ɦ ɲɢɪɢɧɚ - ɦ Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɤɸɜɟɬ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɥɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɡɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɸ ɩɨɱɜɵ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢ ɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɦ -ɬɢ - 20-ɬɢ ɫɚɧɬɢɦɟɬɪɨɜɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɩɨɱɜɵ ȼ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɤɸɜɟɬɵ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɥɫɹ ɫɥɨɣ ɫɟɪɵɯ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɩɨɱɜ ɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɨ- ɤɨɦɤɨɜɚɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɤɢɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɤɸɜɟɬɟ Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɣ ɬɢɩ ɩɨɱɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧ ɜ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ȼ ɤɚ ɠɞɭɸ ɤɸɜɟɬɭ ɩɨɦɟɳɹɥɨɫɶ ɩɨ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ (Lumbricus rubellus Ʉ Ɉɩɵɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɹɯ ɞɨɠ ɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɫ ɤɚɠɞɵɦ ɜɢɞɨɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɯ ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɨɩɵɬɵ ɫ ɩɨɥɧɵɦ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ ɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ Ɉɩɵɬɵ ɫ ɩɨɥɧɵɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɧɟɮɬɶɸ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚ ɡɨɦ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɤɸɜɟɬɵ ɫ ɩɨɱɜɨɣ ɢ ɱɟɪɜɹɦɢ ɜɧɨɫɢɥɫɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɥ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɚɱɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɭ Ʉɚɠ ɞɚɹ ɫɟɪɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɥɚ ɢɡ ɜɨɫɶɦɢ ɨɩɵɬɨɜ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɪɚɡɨɜɵɦɢ ɞɨɡɚɦɢ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢ ɬɟɥɟɣ ɝ ɤɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɩɪɢ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ ɛɟɡ ɧɟɮɬɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ Ɍɨɜɚɪɧɭɸ ɧɟɮɬɶ ɜɧɨɫɢɥɢ ɜ ɤɸɜɟɬɵ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɞɧɢ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɟɟ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ -ɦɢ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɚɹ ɧɟɮɬɶ ɍɪɦɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɹ
Ɉɩɵɬɵ ɫ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɩɨ ɚɧɚɥɨ ɝɢɱɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɤɸɜɟɬɵ ɫ ɩɨɱɜɨɣ ɢ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɦɢ ɱɟɪɜɹɦɢ ɜɧɨ ɫɢɥɫɹ ɛɟɧɡɢɧ Ⱥ- ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɚ
ϳϵ
ɝ ɤɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɩɪɢ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ -ɦɢ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɫ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɢɡ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ȼ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɛɟɧ ɡɢɧ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɣ Ⱥ- 8 0 ɧɟɷɬɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ Ɍɍ 38.001165-97. ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɫ ɩɨɥɧɵɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɱɜ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɥ ɢɡ ɲɟɫɬɢ ɫɟɪɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɝ ɤɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ Ⱦɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɜɧɨ ɫɢɥɨɫɶ ɫɜɟɪɯɭ ɢɡ ɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɤɚɧɚ ɬɚɤ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɚɱɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɸ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɭɸ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɭ Ɉɩɵɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ - ɦɢ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ȽɈɋɌ - Ɉɩɵɬɵ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɤɸɜɟɬɵ ɫ ɩɨɱɜɨɣ ɢ ɱɟɪɜɹɦɢ ɜɧɨɫɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɩɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɥ ɢɡ ɜɨɫɶɦɢ ɜɚ ɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɫ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɲɢɪɢɧɨɣɫɦ. ɩɪɢ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ
ɉɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɩɵɬɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢɫɶ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɉɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɤɸɜɟɬɵ ɲɢɪɢɧɨɣ ɫɦ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɥɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɡɚ ɩɨɜɟɞɟ ɧɢɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɚ ɉɪɢ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ 100, 50,ɢ ɝ ɤɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɩɪɢ ɫɩɥɨɲɧɨɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɞɨɠ ɞɟɜɵɟ ɱɟɪɜɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɥɢ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ - 15-ɬɢ ɦɢɧɭɬ Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤ ɰɢɹ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɤɸɜɟɬ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɥɚ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɭ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɜ ɫɨ
ɫɭɞɚɯ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ
ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɩɪɨɫɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɤɸɜɟɬɚɯ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
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Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɜɧɨɫɢɦɨɣ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɤɸɜɟɬɵ |
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ɝ ɤɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ |
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5 |
|
10 |
20 |
30 |
40 |
50 |
100 |
|
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|
|
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ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɝɥɭ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
7.9 |
|
ɛɢɧɚ ɩɪɨɫɚɱɢ |
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
0.03 |
0.03 |
|
ɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɮ |
|
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ɬɢ ɜ ɫɨɫɭɞɚɯ ɯ |
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mt ɫɦ |
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ɉɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɢɩɚ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɟ ɱɟɪɜɢ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɉɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹɯ Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɧɵɯ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɫɨɫɬɚ ɜɢɥɨ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɷɬɨ ɱɟɪɜɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɞɧɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɞɨɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɢɫɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɸ ɧɟɮɬɢ ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ - ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɟ ɱɟɪɜɢ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɩɪɨɫɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɧɟɟ ɨɝɢɛɚɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɜ ɩɨɢɫɤɚɯ ɱɢɫɬɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɵ Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɧɵɯ ɤ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨ ȼ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɱɟɪɜɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ ɫɥɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɺɧɧɵɣ ɫɵɪɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɶɸ ɩɟɪɩɟɧ ɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɩɪɨɫɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɹɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɩ ɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɟɣ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɬɢɩ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɢɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɉɪɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɢɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɠɢ ɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɯ ɝɢɛɟɥɶ ɉɪɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɟ ɫ ɧɟɮɬɶɸ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɭ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ
ϴϬ
3-ɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɠɧɨ-ɦɭɫɤɭɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɲɤɚ ɢ ɚɫɢɧ ɯɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɡɚɞɧɟɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɨɜ ɬɭɥɨɜɢɳɚ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɋɦɟɪɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ
Ʉɨɧɰɟɧ |
ɫɭɬɤɢ |
ɫɭɬɤɢ |
ɫɭɬɤɢ |
ɫɭɬɤɢ |
ɫɭɬɤɢ |
ɫɭɬɤɢ |
ɫɭɬɤɢ |
ɬɪɚɰɢɹ |
|
|
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ɧɟɮɬɢ |
|
|
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|
|
|
ɝ ɤɝ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ʉɨɧ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
ɬɪɨɥɶ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɝɪɚɦɦ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
1.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
30 |
5.4 |
||||||
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40 |
7.4 |
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50 |
|
|
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|
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|
0.48 |
100 |
9.8 |
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Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɧɟɮɬɶɸ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɛ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟ ɧɢɢ ɫɦɟɪɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɝ ɤɝ- ɝ ɤɝ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɞɜɨɟ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟɦ ɤ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɦ ɫɭɬɤɚɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɇɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ Ʌɟɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧ ɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɝ ɤɝ ȼ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟ ɧɹɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ -ɦɢ ɞɧɟɣ ɑɟɪɜɢ ɜɟɥɢ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɨ ɨ ɱɟɦ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɵɟ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɏɨɞɵ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧ ɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ȼɵɯɨɞɚ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯ ɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɧɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ
ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɫ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɢ ɜɧɟɫɟ ɧɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɤɸɜɟɬɵ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨ ɢ ɫɦ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɢ ɫɦ ɲɢɪɢɧɵ ɉɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɧɟɮɬɶɸ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ - 10-ɬɢ ɦɢɧɭɬ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɩɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɤ ɰɢɣ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɉɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɢɫɶ Ʉ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɱɟɪɜɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɩɨɩɚɥɢ ɩɨɞ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɟɮɬɢ Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɭɯɨɞɚ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɧɚ ɧɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɟɫɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɦ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɜɲɢɦɫɹ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɫ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɧɟɺ ɑɟɪɜɢ ɧɟ ɩɵɬɚɥɢɫɶ ɜɵɣɬɢ ɧɚɪɭɠɭ ɨɧɢ ɭɯɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɨɬ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ Ɍɚɛ ɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɢɥɢ ɫɥɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɵ
ϴϭ
ɪɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɶɸ Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɦ ɭɞɚɺɬɫɹ ɢɡɛɟɝɚɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɝɢɛɟɥɶ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɦɢɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɨɬ ɧɟɮɬɢɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ
ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ
|
2% |
4% |
8% |
16% |
32% |
64% |
80% |
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɦɢ |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
ɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ |
+_0 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ |
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɦɢɝɪɚɰɢɢ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɫɦ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɋɦɟɪɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ Lumbricus rubellus ɇ |
||
|
|
|
|
|
ɫɭɬɤɢ |
ɫɭɬɤɢ |
ɫɭɬɤɢ |
ɫɦ |
0 |
0 |
0 |
ɫɦ |
0 |
0 |
0 |
ɫɦ |
|
|
|
ɫɦ |
|
|
|
ɫɦ |
|
|
|
ɫɦ |
|
|
|
ɫɦ |
|
|
|
Ɍɚɛ ȼɵɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ (Lumbricus rubellus ɇ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɱɜɵ
ϴϮ
ɋɦɟɪɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ (Lumbricus rubellus ɇ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɟɮɬɶɸ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɡɚɦɟ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɩɪɨɫɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɚ Ⱥ- ɢ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɜ ɤɸɜɟɬɚɯ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɤɸ ɜɟɬɵ ɝ ɤɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ
|
2.5 |
5 |
7.5 |
10 |
20 |
|
ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ |
|
07 |
07 |
|
|
|
ɩɪɨɫɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ |
|
|
|
|
007 |
|
ɛɟɧɡɢɧɚ Ⱥ- ɫɦ |
|
|
|
|
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ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ |
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07 |
07 |
4.1 |
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ɩɪɨɫɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ |
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007 |
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ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ |
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ɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɺɧɧɨ ɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɉɪɢ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɚ Ⱥ- ɢ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɜ ɤɨɧ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɝ ɤɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɟ ɱɟɪɜɢ Lumbricus rubellus ɇ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɥɢ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɩɟɪɜɵɯ -ɬɢ ɦɢɧɭɬ Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2. ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ȼɫɟ ɠɢ ɜɨɬɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɨɬɜɟɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ ɝɪɭɩ ɩɵ ɉɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɝɢɛɚɥɢ Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɧɵɯ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨ Ⱦɨɠɞɟɜɵɟ ɱɟɪɜɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɧɭɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɧɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɨ ɢɫɤɚɯ ɱɢɫɬɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɵ Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɧɵɯ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨȾɨɠɞɟɜɵɟ ɱɟɪɜɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ ɫɥɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɦ ɢ ɞɢɡɟɥɶ ɧɵɦ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɩɪɨɫɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɹɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯ ɧɨɫɬɶ Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɧɵɯ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥɨ Ɉɩɢ ɫɚɧɵɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ (Lumbricus rubellus ɇ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɞɨ -ɯ ɫɚɧɬɢɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɪɟɚ ɝɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ȼɪɟɞɧɨɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɚ ɢ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ Ⱥɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɫɶ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬ ɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɠɢɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɑɬɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟ ɚɤɰɢɣ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ (Lumbricus rubellus ɇ ȼ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɨɫɬ ɪɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɥɟɬɭɱɟɫɬɢ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɛɟɧɡɢɧ ɢ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ϴϯ
ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɱɬɨ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɢɡɛɟɝɚɸɬ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɦɢɝɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɜ ɱɢɫɬɭɸ ɩɨɱɜɭ ɋɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ Lumbricus rubellus ɧɚ ɬɪɟɬɶɢ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɨɩɵɬɨɜ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɬɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɚ ɢ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩ ɥɢɜɚ ɪɚɡɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɭɥɟɬɭɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ -ɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɹɬ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɠɧɨ-ɦɭɫɤɭɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɲɤɚ ɢ ɨɧɢ ɩɨɝɢɛɚɸɬ
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɫɦɟɪɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ Lumbricus rubellus ɇ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɚ Ⱥ- ɢ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ ɢ ɢ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ Ɍɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɜ - ɪɚɡ ɩɪɟ ɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɞɢɫɫɢɧ ɯɪɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ
Ʉɪɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ |
ɋɦɟɪɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ Lumbricus rubellus ɇ . |
||
ɛɟɧɡɢɧɚ ɝ ɤɝ) |
|
|
|
|
ɫɭɬɤɢ |
ɫɭɬɤɢ |
3 - 7 ɫɭɬɤɢ |
|
|
|
|
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2.5 |
|
|
(30%) |
5 |
|
|
(56%) |
7.5 |
|
|
(78%) |
10 |
|
|
(98%) |
20 |
|
|
(98%) |
ɉɪɢ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɦ Ⱥ- ɢ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɬɨ ɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ 5 - 1 0-ɬɢ ɦɢɧɭɬ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɧɟɫɟ ɧɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɨɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ȼɫɟ ɠɢ ɜɨɬɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɉɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɫɬɚɥɢɫɶ ɛɟɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ Ʉ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɬɧɟɫɟ ɧɵ ɱɟɪɜɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɩɚɥɢ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɩɨ ɝɢɛɥɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɬ ɧɢɯ Ⱦɥɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɯɚ ɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɭɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚ ɱɟɪɜɹɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɜɲɢɦɫɹ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɫ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɧɟ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢ ɀɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ ɧɟ ɩɵɬɚɥɢɫɶ ɜɵɣɬɢ ɧɚɪɭɠɭ ɨɧɢ ɭɯɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɨɬ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ Ɍɚɛ ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫ ɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ Lumbricus rubellus ɇ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɤɸɜɟɬɚɯ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɚ Ⱥ- ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɬɵɪɺɯ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɞɢ ɡɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɺɯ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɋɦɟɪɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ (Lumbricus rubellus ɇ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɞɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɦ ɢ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɩɨ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɸ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ ɢȺɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɛ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɦɟɪɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɨɦ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɛɟɧɡɢ ɧɨɦ ɢ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɝɢɛɟɥɶ ɜɫɟɯ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɫɭɬɤɢ Ʉɨɡɥɨɜ Ʉɚɪɬɚɲɟɜ .
ϴϰ
Ȼɟɧɡɢɧ ɢ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɪɚɫɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ Ɇɢɝɪɢɪɭɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɸ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɸɬ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɢ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣȺɪɬɟɦɶɟɜɚ Ⱦɨɠɞɟɜɵɟ ɱɟɪɜɢ ɞɵɲɚɬ ɤɨɠɟɣ Ɍɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɤ ɨɪɝɚ ɧɚɦ ɢ ɬɤɚɧɹɦ ɭ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɤɪɨɜɟɧɨɫɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜ ɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɩɪɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɉɪɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɹɯ ɬɟɥɚ Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɞɜɨɣ ɧɨɦɭ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɭ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɸ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɟ ɱɟɪɜɢ ɡɚɫɟɥɹɸɬ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɚɷɪɚ ɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɚɪɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣ ɩɟ ɪɢɨɞ ɨɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɥɟɬɭɱɟɫɬɢ ɚɪɨ ɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɛɟɧɡɢɧ ɢ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɉɹɬɢɞɟɫɹɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɥɟɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ LD50 ) ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɩɥɨɲɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɚ ɧɚ ɤɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɩɥɨɲɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɝɢɛɟɥɶ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ LD50 ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɢ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɧɚ ɤɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ Ⱥɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ ɫ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɦ ɱɟ ɪɟɡ ɤɨɠɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɵ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɹ ɨɬɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɛɟɡ ɞɜɢɠɟɜɚɧɢɟ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɦɢɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ȼ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɧɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɯ ɩɥɹɠɚɯ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɧɨ-ɨɬɥɢɜɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚ ɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɫɜɟɠɚɹ ɫɵɪɚɹ ɧɟɮɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɚ ɱɟɦ ɧɟɮɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɜɟɬɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɧɟɦɚɬɨɞɵ
ɋɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɧɚ -ɟ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɭɫ ɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɬɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɥɟɝɤɨɣ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɫɹ ɢ ɭɥɟɬɭɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɳɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɩɥɨɲɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɱ ɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ LD50 ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɧɚ ɤɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 2.1, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ 40% ) ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɤɸɜɟɬɚɯ ɧɟɮɬɶ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɦɟɪɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɱɟɦ ɛɟɧɡɢɧ ɢ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɨɩɵɬɵ ɩɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫ ɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɱɟɪɜɟɣ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɤɸɜɟɬɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɧɟɮɬɶɸ ɢ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɺɯ ɫɭɬɨɤ
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