Адаптация животных к хроническим факторам
..pdfɩɥɚɧɤɬɨɧɚ ɨɬɛɢɪɚɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɡɚɱɟɪɩɵɜɚɧɢɹ Ȼɚɤɚɟɜɚ Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɯ ɚɤɜɚɪɢɭɦɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɶɸ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɫɦ3 ɫɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɟɪɵ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɩɚɪɚɮɢɧɚɦɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɫɟɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɦɟɧɟɟ ppm ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɥɨ ɪɢɞɨɜ ɦɟɧɟɟ ppm Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɢ ɦɢɤɪɨ ɫɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɛ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɉɪɢ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɨɬɚɬɨɪɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ Ʉɭɬɢɤɨɜɚ ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɩɪɨɛɟ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɥ
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɩɨɡɜɨ ɥɹɟɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɢɡ ɞɟɫɹɬɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬ
ɫɹ3RO\DUWKUD GROLFKRSWHUDɢ'LFUDQRSKRUXVl tkeni ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢ
ɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ Ⱦɥɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɜɚɪɢɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɤɨ
ɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɩɵɬɚɯ ɤɨɥɢɱ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ ɥ.)
ɋɭɬɤɢ ȼɢɞ |
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19 ɫɭɬɤɢ |
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Cephalodella |
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pigmentata |
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Synchaeta |
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pectinata |
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Polyarthra |
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dolichoptera |
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dolichoptera |
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235 |
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Dicranophorus |
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O WNHni |
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Dicranophorus |
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grandis |
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Asplanchna |
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brightwelli |
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Lepadella (s. |
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Str.) ovalis |
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Keratella |
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cochlearis |
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macracantha |
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Keratella |
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irregularis |
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angulifera |
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Keratella |
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irregularis |
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wartmanni |
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Ϯϭϲ |
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɤɨɥɢɱ ɥ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɫ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɝ ɥ
ɋɭɬɤɢ ȼɢɞ |
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ɫɭɬ |
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Polyarthra dolichoptera |
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dolichoptera |
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Keratella quadrata reticulata |
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5 7 |
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Carlin |
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Keratella irregularis |
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20 30 |
10 12 |
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73 |
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wartmanni |
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ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɸ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝ ɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɝ ɥ ɧɚ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɂɡ ɞɟɫɹɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɛɟɫɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɫɶ ɞɜɚ ɜɢɞɚ ɢ ɱɚɫ ɬɢɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɢɥɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɧɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ ȼ ɫɟɞɶɦɵɟ ɢ ɬɪɢɧɚɞɰɚ ɬɵɟ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɚ Ʉ ɫɭɬɤɚɦ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɜɢɞ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ± Keratella irregularis wartmanni ɞɥɹ ɤɨ ɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɜ - ɫɭɬɤɢ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɦ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɱɢɫɥ ɥ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɫ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɝ ɥ
ɋɭɬɤɢ ȼɢɞ |
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Asplanchna brightwelli |
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Keratella cochlearis |
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macracantha |
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Keratella irregularis |
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angulifera |
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Keratella irregularis |
560+_2 |
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wartmanni |
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Keratella serrulata curvicornis |
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Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɩɨ ɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɞɨ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɚɦɢ ɪɨɞɚ.eUDWHOODȺɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɪɨɞɚ.eUDWHOODɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɩɨɤɨɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɢɯ ɜ ɢ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ȼɫɩɵɲɤɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɟ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɭ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɜɨɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɤɨɹɳɟɣɫɹ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ȼ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɫɩɵɲɤɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɩɭɥɹ ɰɢɢ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɤ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɸ
Ⱥɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɩɨɤɨɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ ɢ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɫɩɵɲɟɤ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɷɩɢɡɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɠɢɜɵɯ ɨɪɝɚ
Ϯϭϳ
ɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɯɚ ɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧ ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɬɢɩ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɩɨɤɨɹ ɫɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɷɬɚ ɩɚɦɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ Ʉɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɞɢɧɚ ɦɢɱɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦ ɧɚɛɥɸ ɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɠɢɜɲɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ
ɝ ɥ ɷɤɡ ɥ
ɋɭɬɤɢ |
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ |
ɝ ɥ |
ɝ ɥ |
1 |
|
49 |
204 |
4 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
- |
- |
10 |
|
- |
|
13 |
|
- |
- |
16 |
|
80 |
- |
19 |
1040 232 |
- |
|
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ȼɢɞɵ Keratella ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɫɬɨɣ ɱɢɜɵ ɤ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɹɡɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɱɬɨ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɚɛɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɤ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɛɨɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ
5.1 Ⱥɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɫɨɥɨɧɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɤ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹɦ
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɨɤɨɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɹɣɰɚ ɫɨɥɨ ɧɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ BRACHIONUS PLICATILIS ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɨɡɟɪɟ Ʉɚɪɚɤɭɥɶ Ⱥɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɩɪɨɢɫ ɯɨɞɢɥɨ ɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɚɤɜɚɪɢɭɦɚɯ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ ɦɥ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɫ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɦ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɚɷɪɚɰɢɟɣ Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɢ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨ ɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɩɢɩɟɬɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɟ ɫɬɟɤɥɨ ɢ ɧɚɤɪɵɜɚɥɢ ɩɨ ɤɪɨɜɧɵɦ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɦ ɫ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɥɢɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɫɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɧɨɠɤɚɦɢ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢ ɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɥɢ ɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɚɤɜɚɪɢɭɦɵ ɝɞɟ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɥɢ ɫɜɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɉɨɞɫɱɟɬ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɨɦ©Ȼɢɨɦɟɞª ɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɨɦ Motic DM-BA ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ -400. ɋɨɥɨɧɨɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɤɢ ɛɪɚɯɢɨɧɭɫ ɩɥɢɤɚɬɢɥɢɫ (Brachionus plicatilis ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɦɟɥɶɱɚɣɲɢɦ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ (Rotatoria Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɶɸ ɤɸɜɟɬ ɫ ɛɟɫ ɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɫ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɜ ɩɹɬɢɤɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢɦɥ ɥ ɜɨɞɵ Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɫɥɭɠɢɥɚ ɧɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ ɉɪɨ ɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚ ɫɭɬɨɤ Ɉɩɵɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦ ɧɚɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɫɨ ɫɥɚɛɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɜɤɨɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɦ ɚɷɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɉɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɤɨ ɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɟɧɶ ɩɟɤɚɪɫɤɢɦɢ ɞɪɨɠɠɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɦɝ ɧɚ ɥ ɜɨɞɵ.
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɱɢɫ ɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɦɥ ɥ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɬɨɤ ȼ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɩɪɨ ɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɢ ɦɥ ɥ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮ
Ϯϭϴ
ɦɥ ɥ |
30 |
83 |
300 1 |
450 |
3417 |
6167 |
|
4 |
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ , ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɤɨ ɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɚɦɨɤ ɫ ɫɨɡɪɟɜɲɢɦɢ ɹɣɰɚɦɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɦɥ ɥ ɉɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɦɥ ɥ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɚɦɨɤ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɨ ɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɢ ɫɭɬɤɢ Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɯɚɪɚɤ ɬɟɪɧɚ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɩɨɥɨɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɛɟɫ ɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɢ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ȼ ɬɨɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɢɠɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɩɨɜɵ ɲɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝ ɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɤ ɢ ɧɟɩɨɥɨɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧ ɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɦɥ ɥ
ɉɟ |
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɟɩɨɥɨɜɨɡ |
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɥɨ |
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɚɦɨɤ ɤɨ |
|||
ɪɢɨɞ |
ɪɟɥɵɯ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ |
ɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɤɨɥɨ |
ɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɫ ɫɨɡɪɟɜɚɸ |
|||
ɧɚ |
ɷɤɡ ɦɥ |
|
ɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɷɤɡ ɦɥ |
ɳɢɦɢ ɹɣɰɚɦɢ |
||
ɛɥɸ |
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ɷɤɡ ɦɥ |
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ɞɟ- |
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ɧɢɣ |
|
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|
|
ɫɭ |
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ |
ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝ |
ɤɨɧ |
ɧɟɮɬɟ |
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ |
ɧɟɮɬɟ |
|
ɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ |
ɬɪɨɥɶ |
ɡɚɝɪɹɡ |
|
ɡɚɝɪɹɡ |
|
ɬɤɢ |
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||||
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ɧɟɧɢɹ |
|
ɧɟɧɢɹ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
1 |
109 |
108 |
244 |
241 |
120 |
100 |
2 |
220 |
80 |
80 |
160 |
360 |
200 |
6 |
2420 |
2080 |
2900 |
3820 |
580 |
760 |
|
6 |
3 |
||||
8 |
2880 |
2760 107 |
5400 |
4800 |
2560 |
3720 |
|
58 |
9 |
6 |
|||
10 |
3520 |
5440 |
3120 |
9920 |
1240 |
800 |
|
26 |
7 |
||||
13 |
8280 |
4500 |
|
|
|
|
|
53 |
0 |
||||
15 |
4300 |
2980 |
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
2 |
||||
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɸ ɧɟɮɬɢɦɥ ɥ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɬ ɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɤ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝ ɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ Ɍɚɤ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɚɦɨɤ ɫ ɫɨɡɪɟɜɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɹɣɰɚɦɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɬɨ ɪɵɟ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɢ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɜɵ ɲɚɟɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜ ɢ ɫɭɬɤɢ Ɇɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɚɦɨɤ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɫ ɹɣɰɚɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ - ɢ ɫɭɬɨɤ Ⱦɥɹ ɧɟɩɨɥɨɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ ɯɚ ɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɨ ɜɟɪɧɵɦ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɢ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ
ϮϮϭ
ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɤ ɫɭɬɤɚɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɜ ɢ ɫɭɬɤɢ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧ
ɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɦɥ ɥ
Ʉɨɧɰɟɧ |
|
ɉɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɫɭɬɤɢ |
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ɬɪɚɰɢɹ |
1 |
4 |
7 |
11 |
14 |
ɧɟɮɬɢ |
|
|
|
|
|
(ɦɥ ɥ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɟɩɨɥɨɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɷɤɡ ɦɥ |
|
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ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ |
139 |
675 |
1750 |
7850 |
5650 |
ɇɟɮɬɶ |
137 |
125 |
|
|
|
ɦɥ ɥ |
|
|
450 |
1300 |
400 |
ɇɟɮɬɶ |
139 |
25 |
6 |
4 4 |
3 3 |
ɦɥ ɥ |
|
|
|||
ɇɟɮɬɶ |
138 |
125 |
|
|
|
ɦɥ ɥ |
|
|
150 |
38 |
18 6 |
|
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɷɤɡ ɦɥ |
|
|||
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ |
234 |
1250 |
950 |
8600 |
8850 |
ɇɟɮɬɶ |
238 |
|
|
|
|
ɦɥ ɥ |
|
50 8 |
275 |
1175 |
325 |
ɇɟɮɬɶ |
237 |
|
|
|
|
ɦɥ ɥ |
|
50 |
9 6 |
7 |
4 |
ɇɟɮɬɶ |
240 |
|
|
|
|
ɦɥ ɥ |
|
125 9 |
200 |
46 6 |
23 9 |
|
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɚɦɨɤ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɫ ɫɨɡɪɟɜɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɹɣɰɚɦɢ ɷɤɡ ɦɥ |
||||
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ |
40 9 |
400 |
1900 |
1000 |
4450 |
ɇɟɮɬɶ |
38 |
|
|
|
|
ɦɥ ɥ |
|
150 |
475 |
625 9 |
475 |
ɇɟɮɬɶ |
35 7 |
|
|
|
|
(160 |
|
|
|
|
|
ɦɥ ɥ |
|
25 6 |
35 8 |
15 3 |
11 |
ɇɟɮɬɶ |
38 4 |
|
|
|
|
ɦɥ ɥ |
|
150 |
75 9 |
16 |
8 |
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɸ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɞɢɚ ɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɢ ɦɥ ɥ ɧɚ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɫɜɢ ɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɞɢɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɵɦɢɪɚɧɢɹ ɉɪɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɚɹ ɩɥɟɧɤɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨ ɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɵɬɚ Ⱦɥɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ± ɦɥ ɥ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨ ɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ Ɍɚɤ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɚɦɨɤ ɡɚ ɱɟɬɵɪɧɚɞɰɚɬɶ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɪɚɡ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ - ɜ ɪɚɡ ɧɟɩɨɥɨ ɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ - ɜ ɪɚɡ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ - ɜ ɪɚɡ ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɚɦɨɤ ɫ ɫɨɡɪɟɜɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɹɣɰɚɦɢ ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɤ ɬɨɤɫɢɤɚɧɬɚɦ
ϮϮϮ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɺɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɸ ɧɟɮ ɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɧɟɮ ɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɥɨ ɧɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɦɥ ɥ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɝɢɛɟɥɢ ɛɟɫɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɯ ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɬɪɢ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜ ɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɦɥ ɥ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɦɥ ɥ ɢ ɞɢɩɪɟɫɫɢɢɩɪɢ ɦɥ ɥ ɋɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɨ ɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭ ɫɚɦɨɤ ɫ ɫɨɡɪɟɜɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɹɣɰɚɦɢ ɢ ɧɟɩɨɥɨɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟ ɧɢɟ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɜɵɹɜɢɥɢ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɯ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚ ɬɨɤ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɧɟɣ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɧɚ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɭɸ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ Brachionus plicatilis 0XOOHUɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ Ʉɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɤɢ ɜɢɞɚ Brachionus plicatilis ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɩɥɚɧɤɬɨɧɧɵɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɦ ɢ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɵ ɩɚɧɰɢɪɟɦ ȼ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɚɤɜɚ ɪɢɭɦɵ ɨɛɴɺɦɨɦ ɦɥ Ɉɩɵɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ . ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɫ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢ ɟɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɦɝ ɥ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɪɢ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɫɥɭɠɢɥɢ ɚɤɜɚ ɪɢɭɦɵ ɫ ɧɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɉɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɞɜɟ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɢ ɩɚ ɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɛɟɡ ɚɷɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɩɵɬ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɫ ɚɷɪɚɰɢɟɣ. Ⱥɷɪɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɦ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɤɜɚɪɢɭɦɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ Ɉɬɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɛ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɚɠɞɵɟ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɉɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɩɟɤɚɪɫɤɢɯ ɞɪɨɠɠɟɣ ɦɝ ɧɚ ɥ ɜɨɞɵ.
Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɯ ɚɤɜɚɪɢɭɦɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɶɸ ɫ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɝ ɫɦ3 ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɟɪɵ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɩɚɪɚɮɢɧɚ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɫɟɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɦɟɧɟɟ ppm ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟ ɫɤɢɯ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɨɜ ɦɟɧɟɟ ppm. Ʉɚɪɬɚɲɟɜ Ʉɨɜɚɥɶɫɤɚɹ
ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɨɩɵɬɨɜ ɛɟɡ ɚɷɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɶ ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɥɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɥɟɧɤɨɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɭ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɚ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɥɢɹ ɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɛɟɫɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɯ ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɨɩɵɬɨɜ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɷɪɚ ɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɨ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɟ ɚɤɜɚɪɢɭɦɨɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɣ ɩɥɺɧɤɢ ɢ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ
ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɱɢɫ ɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɪɢ ɫɭɧɤɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɜɨɥɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɩɭ ɥɹɰɢɣ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ - ɫɭɬɤɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɴɺɦ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɯɚɪɚɤ ɬɟɪɟɧ ɞɥɹ - ɫɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ
ϮϮϯ
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24000 |
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22000 |
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20000 |
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ɷɤɡ ɥ |
18000 |
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16000 |
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14000 |
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Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ |
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12000 |
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10000 |
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8000 |
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6000 |
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4000 |
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2000 |
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0 |
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1 |
5 |
9 |
13 |
17 |
21 |
25 |
29 |
33 |
37 |
41 |
45 |
49 |
53 |
57 |
61 |
65 |
69 |
73 |
77 |
81 |
85 |
89 |
93 |
97 |
101 105 |
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ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɷɤɫɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɭɬɤɢ |
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1 |
2 |
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3 |
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4 |
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Ɋɢɫ ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ± ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ± ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɦɝ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɧɚ ɥ ɜɨɞɵ
± ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɫ ɚɷɪɚɰɢɟɣ± ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɦɝ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɧɚ ɥ ɜɨɞɵ ɫ ɚɷɪɚɰɢ ɟɣ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɸ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɛɟɡ ɚɷɪɚɰɢɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɚɦɨɤ ɫ ɫɨ ɡɪɟɜɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɹɣɰɚɦɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝ ɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɹɬɵɟ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɩɨɥɨɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ ɇɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɚɦɨɤ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɋɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɫɬɢ ɛɟɫɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨ ɞɢɬ ɜ ɨɩɵɬɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɜ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɤ ɫɭɬɤɚɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɇɚɱɢ ɧɚɹ ɫ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɦɢɪɚɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɤ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɨɩɵɬɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹɯ ɝ ɥ ɛɟɡ ɚɷɪɚ ɰɢɢ
ɋɭɬɤɢ |
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɟɩɨɥɨɜɨɡ |
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɡ |
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɚɦɨɤ |
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ɪɟɥɵɯ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɷɤɡ ɥ |
ɪɟɥɵɯ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ |
ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɫ ɫɨɡɪɟ |
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ɷɤɡ ɥ |
ɜɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɹɣɰɚɦɢ |
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ɷɤɡ ɥ |
|
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|
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ |
ɦɝ ɥ |
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ |
5000 |
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ |
|
5000 |
|
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|
ɦɝ ɥ |
|
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ɦɝ ɥ |
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30 |
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1 |
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258 |
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312 |
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5 |
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312 |
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312 |
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9 |
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754 |
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143 |
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13 |
|
|
|
1083 |
|
|
568 |
17 |
|
123 |
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ϮϮϰ
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956 |
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298 |
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21 |
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432 |
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25 |
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|
354 |
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|
29 |
|
|
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|
33 |
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
37 |
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41 |
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45 |
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189 |
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49 |
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256 |
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53 |
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|
|
372 |
|
310 |
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57 |
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|
394 |
|
96 |
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|
61 |
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|
388 |
|
434 |
65 |
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69 |
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73 |
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77 |
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81 |
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2 |
|
85 |
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- |
89 |
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|
- |
93 |
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|
- |
97 |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
101 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
105 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɞɧɟɣ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɡɪɟɜɚ ɧɢɹ ɹɢɰ ɭ ɫɚɦɨɤ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɜɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɨɥɧɚ - ɫɭɬɤɢ ɩɨ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɭɸ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɋ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɵɦɢɪɚɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɤ ɤɨɥɨ ɜɪɚɬɨɤ Ⱦɥɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɧɟɩɨɥɨɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ Ɍɚɛ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɯɚ ɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧ ɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜ - ɫɭɬɤɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɋɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɫɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɩɨɥɨ ɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ ɧɢɠɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ -6 ɫɭɬɤɢ ɢ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟ ɧɢɟ ɞɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɨɜ ȼ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɧɟɩɨɥɨɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚ ɬɨɤ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɩɨ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ ɫ ɩɨ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɩɨ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɧɚ ɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɱɢɫ ɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɜ - ɫɭɬɤɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ - ɫɭɬɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɜ -61 ɫɭɬɤɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ȼ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɡɪɟ ɥɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɬɚɤ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɉɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ - ɫɭɬɤɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɜɨɥɧɨɨɛɪɚɡ ɧɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟ
ϮϮϱ