Адаптация животных к хроническим факторам
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ɧɢɹ. ɉɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨ ɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɡ ɪɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɩɨɩɭ ɥɹɰɢɣ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ȼɨɥɧɵ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɫɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɸɬ ɫɚɦɤɢ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤ ɬɢɜɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɭ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɛɟɡ ɚɷɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɦ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɡ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɫɞɜɢɝɨɜ ɬ ɟ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɸ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɯ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɨɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹɯ ɦɝ ɥ ɫ ɚɷɪɚɰɢ ɟɣ
ɋɭɬɤɢ |
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɟɩɨɥɨɜɨɡ |
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ |
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɚɦɨɤ |
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ɪɟɥɵɯ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ |
ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɷɤɡ ɥ |
ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɫ ɫɨ |
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ɷɤɡ ɥ |
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ɡɪɟɜɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɹɣ |
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ɰɚɦɢ ɷɤɡ ɥ |
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ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ |
ɦɝ ɥ |
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ |
5000 ɦɝ ɥ |
ɤɨɧ |
5000 |
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ɬɪɨɥɶ |
ɦɝ ɥ |
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1 |
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107 |
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5 |
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577 |
9 |
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13 |
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17 |
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21 |
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650 |
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25 |
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29 |
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33 |
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37 |
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41 |
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45 |
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49 |
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114 |
312 |
53 |
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417 |
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57 |
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246 |
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61 |
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65 |
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212 |
112 |
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31 |
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69 |
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298 |
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73 |
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116 |
231 |
77 |
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81 |
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85 |
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6 |
89 |
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93 |
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ϮϮϲ
97 |
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101 |
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- |
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- |
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105 |
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- |
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Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɸ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɸ ɤɨ ɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɚɷɪɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ Ɍɚɛ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɭɸ ɜɵɠɢ ɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ Ⱦɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɤ ɫ ɹɣɰɚɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɩɨ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɢ -69 ɫɭɬɤɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ȼ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɯ ɫɟɪɢɹɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɚɦɨɤ ɫ ɹɣɰɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɞɜɭɦ ɩɨɞɴɺɦɚɦ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɩɨɥɨɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɗɥɢɦɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɤ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɫɭɬɤɢ ȼ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɫɚɦɨɤ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɧɢɠɟ ɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ - ɫɭɬɤɢ ȼɨɥɧɚ ɩɨɞɴɺɦɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ - ɫɭɬɤɢ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ Ⱦɥɹ ɧɟɩɨɥɨɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɴɺɦɨɜ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ - ɢ - ɫɭɬɤɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ȼɵɦɢ ɪɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɩɨɥɨɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ - ɫɭɬɤɢ ȼ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɩɨɥɨɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ - ɢ - ɫɭɬɤɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɩɨɥɨɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɨɫɨ ɛɟɣ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɤɨɥɨ ɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɫ ɩɨ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɟɟ ɤɨɧ ɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɞɴɺɦ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ - ɫɭɬɤɢ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɷɥɢɦɢɧɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ ȼ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ - ɢ 53- ɫɭɬɤɢ ɫ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɜɟɫɶ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɺɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɭɫɬɚ ɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɨ ɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɭɸ ɱɢɫɥɟɧ ɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɫɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɹɢɰ ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɜɥɢɹ ɧɢɟ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ Ⱥɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɜɨɥɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɡɚɬɭɯɚɸɳɢɣ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɦ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɞɥɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɡ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɫɞɜɢɝɨɜ ɬ ɟ ɫɦɟɳɟ ɧɢɸ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɯ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɨɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɪɚ ɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚ ɬɨɤ
5.2 ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɜɢɞɨɜɭɸ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɩɥɚɧɤɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɭɫ ɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɤ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɭ ɜɢɞɨɜ, ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɺɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɺɦɚɯ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɋɢ ɛɢɪɢ ȼ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɫ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɦɝ ɥ ɜɨɞɵ Ⱦɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɨɩɵɬɵ ɜ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ȼ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ ɥ ȼɨɞɚ ɢ ɞɨɧ ɧɵɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɪɚɥɢɫɶ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ ɪ Ɍɨɦɶ ȿɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɞɨɧ ɧɵɦ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɇɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɡɚ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɫ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɦɝ ɥ ɦɝ ɥ ɦɝ ɥ ɢ ɦɝ ɥ ɜɨ
ϮϮϳ
ɞɵ ɩɪɢ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɬɨɤ Ⱦɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɞɨɺɦɨɜ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɩɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɜɚɯ ɧɟɮɬɢ Ɉɬɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɛ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɢ ɤɚɠɞɵɟ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɜɨɞɨ ɡɚɱɟɪɩɵɜɚɧɢɹ Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɺɦɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɶɸ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸɝ ɫɦ3 ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɟɪɵ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɩɚɪɚɮɢɧɚ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɫɟɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɦɟɧɟɟ ppm ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚ ɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɨɜ ɦɟɧɟɟ ppm.
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɩɪɟɞ ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ .10. ɋɪɟɞɧɟɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɡ ɥ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ
ɨɩɵɬɚɯ
ɋɭɬɤɢ |
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ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɢɞɚ |
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Polyarthra |
Notholc |
Brachionus |
Filinia |
Keratella |
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longiremis |
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a |
calyciflorus |
longiseta |
cochlearis |
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Synchaeta |
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squamu |
anuraeiform |
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macracant |
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pectinata |
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la |
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is |
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ha |
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frigida |
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Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ |
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1 |
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152 |
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174 |
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448 |
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544 |
296 |
424 |
114 |
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5 |
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164 |
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268 |
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530 |
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524 |
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532 |
96 |
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9 |
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232 |
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228 |
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168 |
800 |
288 |
244 |
64 |
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13 |
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219 |
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64 |
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94 |
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464 |
64 |
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74 |
32 |
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17 |
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224 |
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52 |
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64 |
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32 |
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40 |
32 |
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21 |
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67 |
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25 |
64 |
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32 |
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64 |
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30 |
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30 |
29 |
72 |
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28 |
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32 |
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32 |
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40 |
32 |
33 |
94 |
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20 |
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28 |
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40 |
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22 |
37 |
98 |
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28 |
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32 |
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44 |
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40 |
30 |
41 |
100 |
34 |
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30 |
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48 |
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32 |
40 19 |
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45 |
86 |
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32 |
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42 |
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50 |
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32 |
44 |
49 |
72 |
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44 |
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48 |
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44 |
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40 |
50 |
53 |
84 |
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64 |
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50 |
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50 |
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44 |
48 |
57 |
90 |
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72 |
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62 |
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64 |
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50 |
60 |
61 |
78 |
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110 |
52 |
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70 |
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74 2 |
40 |
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65 |
66 |
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120 |
64 |
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62 |
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108 |
50 |
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69 |
72 |
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138 |
72 |
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72 |
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74 |
44 |
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73 |
92 |
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160 |
60 |
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80 |
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50 |
50 |
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77 |
110 |
185 |
60 |
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64 |
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92 |
40 |
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81 |
74 |
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208 |
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72 |
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60 |
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124 |
44 |
85 |
72 |
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282 |
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64 |
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70 |
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150 |
52 |
89 |
60 |
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544 |
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62 |
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72 |
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216 |
62 |
93 |
52 |
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622 |
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50 |
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80 |
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308 |
52 |
ϮϮϴ
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142 |
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64 |
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40 |
62 |
352 |
50 |
97 |
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736 |
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153 |
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76 |
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50 |
64 |
421 |
62 |
101 |
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368 |
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164 |
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100 |
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56 |
74 |
450 |
74 |
105 |
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96 |
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185 |
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110 |
72 |
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50 |
80 |
510 |
80 |
109 |
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216 |
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90 |
86 |
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40 |
92 |
632 |
70 |
113 |
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289 |
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80 |
100 |
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100 |
600 |
72 |
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117 |
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235 |
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80 |
90 |
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128 |
70 |
540 |
70 |
121 |
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62 |
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164 |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɯ ± ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɷɤɡ ɥ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɥɢɬɪɟ ɜɨɞɵ
Ɂɨɨɩɥɚɧɤɬɨɧ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ
Synchaeta pectinata, Polyarthra longiremis, Notholca squamula frigida, Brachionus
calyciflorus anuraeiformis, Filinia longiseta, Keratella cochlearis macracantha ɪɚɫɩɪɨ
ɫɬɪɚɧɺɧɧɵɯ ɜ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ȼ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬ ɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɜɫɟ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɩɥɚɧɤɬɨɧɵɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɦ Ⱦɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɟ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɯ ɜɵɪɨɫɬɨɜ ɩɚɧɰɢɪɹ Notholca, Keratella, Brachionus ɢ ɩɪɵɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɯ ɜɵɪɨɫɬɨɜ ɬɟɥɚ Polyarthra, Filinia) ȼɢɞɵ Notholca
squamula frigida, Brachionus calyciflorus anuraeiformis, Filinia longiseta, Keratella cochlearis macracantha ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɚɧɰɢɪɶ. ȼ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɹɯ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɜɢɞɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ Filinia longiseta (25 %), Polyarthra longiremis (23 %) ɢ Notholca squamula frigida (17 %). Ʉ ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɵɦɢ ɜɢɞɚɦ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ Synchaeta pectinata, Brachionus calyciflorus anuraeiformis ɢ Keratella cochlearis macracantha (16, 12, 7 %) ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɦɝ ɝ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɷɤɡ ɥ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɫ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɦɝ ɥ
ȼɢɞɵ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ
ɋɭɬɤɢ
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Polyarthra |
Notholca |
Brachionu |
Filinia |
Keratel |
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longiremis . |
squamula |
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s |
longiseta |
la |
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frigida |
calycifloru |
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cochlea |
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Synchaeta |
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s |
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ris |
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pectinata |
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anuraeifor |
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macrac |
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ɦɝ ɥ |
mis |
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antha |
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1 |
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110 |
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5 |
|
46 |
292 |
372 |
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64 |
96 |
9 |
125 |
20 |
372 |
88 |
|
42 |
32 |
13 |
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- |
136 |
108 |
60 |
12 |
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17 |
112 |
- |
96 |
96 |
|
20 |
20 |
ϮϮϵ
21 |
62 |
- |
264 |
|
80 |
32 |
30 |
25 |
54 |
- |
176 |
88 |
40 |
12 |
|
29 |
50 |
- |
88 |
|
90 |
46 |
20 |
33 |
32 |
- |
240 |
72 |
40 |
20 |
|
37 |
- |
- |
536 |
|
80 |
62 |
20 |
41 |
- |
- |
88 |
|
32 |
60 |
30 |
45 |
- |
- |
108 |
- |
64 |
32 |
|
49 |
- |
- |
42 |
|
- |
70 |
40 |
53 |
- |
- |
50 |
21 |
- |
76 |
40 |
57 |
- |
- |
54 |
|
- |
80 |
32 |
61 |
- |
- |
70 |
|
- |
76 |
34 |
65 |
- |
- |
64 |
|
- |
70 |
30 |
69 |
- |
- |
70 |
|
- |
60 |
46 |
73 |
- |
- |
92 |
|
- |
60 |
20 |
77 |
- |
- |
112 |
- |
76 |
32 |
|
81 |
- |
- |
85 |
|
- |
88 |
60 |
85 |
- |
- |
76 |
|
- |
176 |
76 |
|
- |
- |
82 |
|
- |
264 |
80 |
89 |
|
|
|
|
|
161 |
|
93 |
|
- |
108 |
- |
216 |
96 |
|
|
- |
- |
90 |
|
- |
176 |
108 |
97 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
41 |
101 |
- |
- |
98 |
|
- |
112 |
96 |
105 |
- |
- |
108 |
- |
88 |
90 |
|
109 |
- |
- |
|
- |
76 |
96 |
|
|
- |
- |
132 |
|
- |
80 |
108 |
113 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
39 |
|
- |
- |
|
- |
96 |
112 |
|
117 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
41 |
|
- |
- |
352 |
|
- |
108 |
120 |
121 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
55 |
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɷɤɡ ɥ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɥɢɬɪɟ ɜɨɞɵ
ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɦɝ ɥ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟ ɧɢɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɫɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɇɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɫɭɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ȼ ɢ
ɫɭɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɷɥɢɦɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɜɢɞɨɜ Polyarthra longiremis ɢ Synchaeta pectinata, ɜɫɭɬɤɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɷɥɢɦɢɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ Brachionus calyciflorus anuraeiformis. ɇɚ
ɧɢɡɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɢ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɢ Notholca squamula frigida, Filinia longiseta, Keratella cochlearis macracantha ɞɨ - ɫɭɬɨɤ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨ
ɞɢɬ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡ ɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɬɨɣ ɱɢɜɵɯ ɤ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɧɢ ɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ.
ϮϯϬ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɷɤɡ ɥ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɫ ɤɨɧ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɦɝ ɥ
ȼɢɞɵ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ
ɋɭɬɤɢ
|
|
Polyarthra |
Notholca |
Brachionus |
Filinia |
Keratella |
|
|
|
longiremis |
squamula |
calyciflorus |
longiseta |
cochleari |
|
|
Synchaeta |
|
frigida |
anuraeiform |
|
s |
|
|
pectinata |
|
|
|
is |
|
macraca |
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|
|
ɦɝ ɥ |
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|
ntha |
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||
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
9 |
20 |
300 |
|
196 |
32 |
28 |
9 |
|
- |
32 |
|
56 |
20 |
72 |
13 |
|
- |
32 |
|
20 |
- |
78 |
17 |
42 |
- |
208 |
- |
- |
50 |
|
21 |
|
- |
104 |
- |
- |
22 |
|
25 |
- |
- |
76 |
|
- |
- |
32 |
29 |
- |
- |
64 |
|
- |
- |
28 |
33 |
- |
- |
60 |
|
- |
- |
22 |
37 |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
28 |
|
41 |
- |
- |
50 |
|
- |
- |
12 |
45 |
- |
- |
52 |
|
- |
- |
22 |
49 |
- |
- |
42 |
|
- |
- |
20 |
53 |
- |
- |
66 |
|
- |
- |
- |
57 |
- |
- |
70 |
|
- |
- |
- |
61 |
- |
- |
66 |
|
- |
- |
- |
65 |
- |
- |
32 |
|
- |
- |
- |
69 |
- |
- |
28 |
|
- |
- |
- |
73 |
- |
- |
12 |
- |
- |
- |
|
77 |
- |
- |
44 |
|
- |
- |
- |
81 |
- |
- |
70 |
|
- |
- |
- |
85 |
- |
- |
85 |
|
- |
- |
- |
89 |
- |
- |
104 |
- |
- |
- |
|
93 |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
97 |
- |
- |
52 |
|
- |
- |
- |
101 |
- |
- |
55 |
|
- |
- |
- |
105 |
- |
- |
61 |
|
- |
- |
- |
109 |
- |
- |
67 |
|
- |
- |
- |
113 |
- |
- |
70 |
|
- |
- |
- |
117 |
- |
- |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
|
121 |
- |
- |
104 |
- |
- |
- |
|
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɷɤɡ ɥ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɥɢɬɪɟ ɜɨɞɵ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɸ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɤɨɧɰɟɧ ɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɦɝ ɥ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɭɸ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ Ⱥɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɱɚɫ ɬɢɱɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭ Notholca squamula frigida. ɋɨɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɤɨ ɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɞɨ ɫɭɬɨɤ
Ϯϯϭ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɷɤɡ ɥ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɫ ɤɨɧ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɦɝ ɥ
ȼɢɞɵ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ
ɋɭɬɤɢ
|
Synchaeta |
Polyarthra |
Notholca |
Brachionu |
Filinia |
Keratella |
|
pectinata |
longiremis |
squamula |
s |
longiseta |
cochleari |
|
|
|
frigida |
calycifloru |
|
s |
|
|
|
|
s |
|
macraca |
|
|
|
|
anuraeifor |
|
ntha |
|
|
|
ɦɝ ɥ |
mis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
118 |
||
5 |
|
12 |
616 |
22 |
176 |
96 |
9 |
|
- |
106 |
- |
88 |
60 |
13 |
|
- |
88 |
- |
- |
50 |
17 |
- |
- |
176 |
- |
- |
42 |
21 |
- |
- |
352 2 |
- |
- |
60 |
25 |
- |
- |
108 |
- |
- |
32 |
29 |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
33 |
- |
- |
50 |
- |
- |
- |
37 |
- |
- |
32 |
- |
- |
- |
41 |
- |
- |
20 |
- |
- |
- |
45 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
49 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
53 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
57 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
61 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
65 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɷɤɡ ɥ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɥɢɬɪɟ ɜɨɞɵ
ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɞɨ ɦɝ ɥ ɬɚɛɥ ɩɪɢɜɨ ɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɢ ɜɵɦɢɪɚɧɢɸ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɤɫɭɬɤɚɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ Notholca squamula frigida ɢ Keratella cochlearis macracantha, ɷɥɢɦɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɢ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɜɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɷɤɡ ɥ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɫ ɤɨɧ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɝ ɥ
ɋɭ |
|
ȼɢɞɵ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ |
|
|
|
|
ɬɤɢ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Polyarth |
Notholca |
Brachio |
Filinia |
Keratella |
|
|
ra |
squamula |
nus |
longiset |
cochlearis |
|
Synchaet |
longirem |
frigida |
calyciflo |
a |
macracantha |
|
a |
is |
|
rus |
|
|
|
pectinata |
|
|
anuraeif |
|
|
|
|
|
ɦɝ ɥ |
ormis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
250 |
146 |
|
|
|
|
ϮϯϮ
5 |
|
32 |
165 |
30 |
10 |
96 46 |
9 |
|
- |
76 |
- |
- |
20 |
13 |
- |
- |
65 |
- |
- |
32 |
17 |
- |
- |
130 |
- |
- |
12 |
21 |
- |
- |
65 |
- |
- |
- |
25 |
- |
- |
30 |
- |
- |
- |
29 |
- |
- |
20 |
- |
- |
- |
33 |
- |
- |
12 |
- |
- |
- |
37 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
41 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
45 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
49 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɯ ± ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɷɤɡ ɥ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɥɢɬɪɟ ɜɨɞɵ
Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɫ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɦɝ ɥ ɉɨɥɧɨɟ ɜɵɦɢɪɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɭɬɨɤ Ʉ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬ
ɫɹ Notholca squamula frigida ɢ Keratella cochlearis macracantha.
ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ - ɦɝ ɥ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɥɚɧɤɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɉɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɛɟɫɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɯ ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ ɤ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟ
ɧɢɹɦ ɜɢɞɵ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ Notholca squamula frigida ɢ Keratella cochlearis macracantha.
ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɺɦɚɯ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɦɝ ɥ ȼ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɰɢɹɯ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɠɢɡɧɟɫɩɨ ɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɬɪɨɮɧɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɜɵɹɜɢɥ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɤɨɥɢ ɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɺɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɺɦɚɯ ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ -ɟ -ɟ ɢ -ɟ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɱɬɨ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɉɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɺɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɟɡɚ
ɝɪɹɡɧɺɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɺɦɚɯ ɬɚɛ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɚɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ Ⱦɜɚ ɩɟ ɪɢɨɞɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɺɦɚɯ ɜ ɢ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɢ ɬɪɢ ɜ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɯ ɜ ɢ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɇɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɟ ɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɜɫɩɵɲɤɚɯ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɺɦɚɯ
ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɦɝ ɥ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟ ɧɢɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ Ⱦɥɹ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨ ɞɨɦ ɜ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɉɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɵɦɢɪɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɇɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɹ ɹɣɰɚ ɜ ɢɥ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟ ɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɩɨɤɨɹɳɟɟɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɚɧɚɛɢɨɡɚ ȼ ɢ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɷɥɢɦɢɧɚɰɢɹ
ɜɢɞɨɜ Polyarthra longiremis ɢ Synchaeta pectinata. ȼ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɷɥɢɦɢ
ɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ Brachionus calyciflorus anuraeiformis ɇɚ ɧɢɡɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ
ɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɢ Notholca squamula frigida, Filinia longiseta, Keratella cochlearis macracantha ɇɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ - ɫɭɬɨɤ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟ ɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɢ ɫɧɢ ɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ
Ϯϯϯ
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɺɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɧɟɮ ɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ - ɦɝ ɥ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɛɳɟ ɫɬɜɚ ɩɥɚɧɤɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɤ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ ɤ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɜɢɞɵ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ Notholca squamula frigida ɢ Keratella cochlearis macracantha Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜ
ɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɺɦɚɯ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 500- ɦɝ ɥ ȼ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɫɫɬɚ ɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɠɢɡɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ ɤ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜ ɧɵɟ ɷɬɚɩɵ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɥɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨ ɫɬɢ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɫ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɜɵɠɢɜɲɢɯ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ
ȼ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚɯ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɚ ɝ ɥ-10 ɝ ɥ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɉɨɹɜɥɹ ɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɺɦɚɯ
Filinia cornuta cornuta, Notholca squaPXOD IULJLGDȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɟ
ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɥɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɦ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɟ ɧɢɠɟ ɱɟɦ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ
ɉɪɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ Brachionus plicatilis) ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɛɟɡ ɚɷɪɚɰɢɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɚɦɨɤ ɫ ɫɨɡɪɟɜɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɹɣ ɰɚɦɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɫɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɫɭɬɤɢ Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɣ ɜɨɥɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩ ɩɵ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ
ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ ɢɡ ɹɢɰ ɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɥɨɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ - ɫɭɬɤɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ - ɫɭɬɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪ ɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɜ 45- ɫɭɬɤɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ȼ ɤɨɧ ɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɡɪɟɥɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɬɚɤ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ - ɫɭɬɤɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɨ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɐɢɤɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫ ɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɢ Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɜɨɥɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɢ ɭɫ ɥɨɜɢɣ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɢ ɞɢɫɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨ ɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɫɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɪɟ ɧɚɞɩɨɱɟɱɧɵɯ ɠɟɥɺɡ ɜ ɨɧɬɨɝɟɧɟɡɟ ɛɟɥɵɯ ɦɵɲɟɣ ɢ ɩɨɩɭɥɹ ɰɢɢ ɞɪɨɠɠɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ
ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɺɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɪɚɡɦɧɨ ɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɵɠɢɜɲɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɤɨɥɨɜɪɚɬɨɤ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɦɢɪɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫ ɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɢ ɡɨɧɵ ɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹ ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ
Ϯϯϰ
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɞɪɨɠɠɟɣ ɤ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦ ɨɬ
ɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ȼ Ⱥ Ʉɚɥɸɠɢɧɚɜ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɺɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ȼ Ⱥ Ʉɚɥɸɠɢɧ ɢɡɭɱɚɥ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɞɪɨɠɠɟɣ ɤ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ Ɋɇ ȾɇɎ ɥɢɦɢɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ȼ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚ ɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤ ɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɪɨɠɠɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɫ ɞɨ ɝɪɚɞɭɫɨɜ ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɦɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɧɚɦɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɛɢɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱ ɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢ ɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨ ɧɭ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
Ƚɥɚɜɚ ɏɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɠɢɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɝɟɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɟ ȽɆɉ ɩɨɥɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɮɚɤ ɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɜɵ ɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɬɨɦɫɤɢɦ ɭɱɟɧɵɦ ɉ ȼ ɋɚɜɨɫɬɢɧɵɦ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧ ɧɵɦɢ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ȼ ɝ Ȼɥɟɣɤɦɨɪ ɨɬɤɪɵɥ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ȽɆɉ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɫɢ ɥɨɜɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɬ ɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɨɬɚɤɫɢɫɨɦɄɚɪɬɚɲɟɜ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ .1.
Ɇɢɧɟɪɚɥɵ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ.ɏɚɣɧɰ Ⱥ Ʌɨɜɟɧɫɬɚɦ Ⱦɠɨɡɟɮ Ʌ Ʉɢɪɲɜɢɤ
Ɇɢɧɟɪɚɥɵ |
Ɍɚɤɫɨɧɵ |
Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɦɢ |
Ʌɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ |
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ɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ |
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚ ɜ ɬɢɩɢɱ |
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ɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ |
Ɉɤɫɢɞɵ |
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Ɇɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ |
ȼɧɭɬɪɢɤɥɟɬɨɱ |
Ɇɚɝɧɟɬɢɬ |
Ȼɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ |
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(Fe3O4) |
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ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɨɫ |
ɧɵɟ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɨɫɨɦɵ |
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ɉɪɨɫɬɟɣ |
ɬɨɜɨɦ |
ɇɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚ |
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ɲɢɟ |
ɇɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ |
ȼɧɟɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨ ɜ |
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Ɇɨɥɥɸ |
Ɇɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ |
ɡɭɛɰɚɯ ɯɢɬɨɧɨɜ |
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ɫɤɢ |
ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɨɫ |
ȼ ɛɪɸɲɤɟ ɦɟɞɨ |
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ɬɨɜɨɦ |
ɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɩɱɟɥ |
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ɑɥɟɧɢ |
ɇɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ |
ȼ ɧɚɞɪɟɲɟɱɬɚ |
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ɫɬɨɧɨɝɢɟ |
Ɇɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ |
ɬɨɣ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɬɭɧɰɚ ɜ ɝɨ |
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ɏɨɪɞɨɜɵɟ |
ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɨɫ |
ɥɨɜɟ ɝɨɥɭɛɹ |
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ɬɨɜɨɦ |
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Ɏɟɪɪɢɝɢɞ |
Ȼɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ |
Ɇɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ |
ȼ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɨɮɟɪ |
ɪɢɬ)H 2ā |
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ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɨɫ |
ɪɢɬɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɢɰɟɥɥɚɯ |
9H2O) |
Ƚɪɢɛɵ |
ɬɨɜɨɦ |
ȼ ɮɟɪɪɢɬɢɧɨɜɵɯ |
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Ɋɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ |
Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ |
ɦɢɰɟɥɥɚɯ |
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ɀɢɜɨɬ |
Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ |
ȼ ɦɢɰɟɥɥɚɯ ɮɢ |
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ɧɵɟ |
Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ |
ɬɨɮɟɪɪɢɬɢɧɚ |
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ȼ ɮɟɪɪɢɬɢɧɨɜɵɯ |
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ɦɢɰɟɥɥɚɯ |
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Ϯϯϱ |
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