Адаптация животных к хроническим факторам
..pdfɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɫɬɚɞɢɹ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɟɧɬ ɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɲɟɫɬɢ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɚɦɺɛ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɬɚɞɢɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɤɨɬɨ ɪɚɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɫɶɦɢ ɫɭɬɨɤ Ɍɪɟɬɶɹ ɞɟɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɬɚ ɞɢɹ ɜɵɦɢɪɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɯ ɑɟɬɜɺɪɬɚɹ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɞɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɣ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɡɨɧɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɞɟ ɥɟɧɵ Ⱦ Ƚ Ɂɜɹɝɢɧɰɟɜɵɦ ɫ ɫɨɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ Ɂɜɹɝɢɧɰɟɜ ɢ ɞɪ ɞɥɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɫɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɞɨɡɚɯ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɥɸɬɚɧɬɚ ɩɨ ɬɢɩɭ ɞɨɡɚ-ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɉɟɪɜɚɹ - ɡɨɧɚ ɝɨɦɟɨɫɬɚɡɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɫɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɦ ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟ ɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɬ ɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɨɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ Ɍɪɟɬɶɹ- ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɢ ɫɦɟɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɑɟɬɜɺɪɬɚɹ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɞɟɩɪɟɫɫɢɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢ ɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɦɟɧɭ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɯ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɚɛɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɣ ɤ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹɦ
ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɪɚɤɨ ɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ ɜ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɟ ɧɟɮɬɶɸ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɝ ɤɝ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɟ ɧɚ ɢ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɢɞɨ ɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɝ ɤɝ ɍɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɷɥɢɦɢ
ɧɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ Arcella catinus, Heleopera sylvatica, Assulina muscorum ɢ Trinema complanatum ɉɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɝ ɤɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɤɨ ɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɚɦɺɛ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɢɯ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹɯ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ
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Ⱦɨɡɚ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ |
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ȼɢɞɵ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ |
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ɝ ɤɝ |
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Ɇɨɪɮɨɬɢɩ |
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10 |
20 |
30 |
0 |
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Arcella catinus Penard 1890 |
+ |
+ |
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+ |
ɍɞ |
Centropyxis aerophila Deflandre 1929 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ɉɥɤ |
C. elongata Deflandre 1929 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ɉɥɤ |
Cyclopyxis eurystoma Deflandre 1929 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ɐ* |
C. kahli Deflandre 1929 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ɐ |
Plagiopyxis declivis Thomas 1955 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Ʉɪɤ |
P. penardi Thomas 1955 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Ʉɪɤ |
Heleopera petricola Leidy 1879 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Ⱥɤɫ* |
H.sylvatica Penard 1902 |
+ |
+ |
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+ |
Ⱥɤɫ |
Nebela collaris Leidy 1876 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Ⱥɤɫ |
N.tubulosa Penard 1890 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Ⱥɤɫ |
ϭϴϲ
Euglypha laevis Perty 1849 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Ⱥɤɫ |
E. ciliata Leidy 1878 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Ⱥɤɫ |
Assulina muscorum Greeff 1888 |
+ |
+ |
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+ |
Ⱥɤɫ |
Trinema lineare v. minuskula Chardez 1971 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ɉɥɤ |
T. penardi Thomas, Chardez 1958 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ɉɥɤ |
T.complanatum Penard 1890 |
+ |
+ |
|
+ |
ɉɥɤ |
Corytion dubium Taranek, 1881 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ɉɥɤ |
ɍɞ ± ɭɩɥɨɳɟɧɧɨ-ɞɢɫɤɨɜɢɞɧɵɣ ɦɨɪɮɨɬɢɩ ɉɥɤ ± ɩɥɚɝɢɨɫɬɨɦɧɵɣ ɫ ɤɨɡɵɪɶɤɨɦ
ɐ± ɰɟɧɬɪɨɫɬɨɦɧɵɣ Ʉɪɤ± ɤɪɢɩɬɨɫɬɨɦɧɵɣ ɫ ɤɨɡɵɪɶɤɨɦ Ⱥɤɫ± ɚɤɪɨɫɬɨɦɧɵɣ ɫɠɚɬɵɣ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ ɧɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɚɛɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɝ ɤɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ Ɍɚɤ ɩɪɢ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɝ ɤɝ ɢɫɱɟɡɚɸɬ Arcella catinus, Heleopera sylvatica, Nebela tubulosa, Euglypha ciliate, Assulina muscorum ɢ Trinema complanatum ɉɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɞɨ ɝ ɤɝ ɤ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
Centropyxis elongate, Cyclopyxis kahli, Plagiopyxis penardi, Corytion dubium.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹɯ ɧɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ.
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Ⱦɨɡɚ |
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ȼɢɞɵ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ |
ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɝ ɤɝ |
Ɇɨɪɮɨɬɢɩ |
|||
|
10 |
20 |
30 |
0 |
|
Arcella catinus Penard 1890 |
+ |
|
|
+ |
ɍɞ |
Centropyxis aerophila Deflandre 1929 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ɉɥɤ |
C. elongata Deflandre 1929 |
+ |
+ |
|
+ |
ɉɥɤ |
Cyclopyxis eurystoma Deflandre 1929 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ɐ* |
C. kahli Deflandre 1929 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ɐ |
Plagiopyxis declivis Thomas 1955 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Ʉɪɤ |
P. penardi Thomas 1955 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Ʉɪɤ |
Heleopera petricola Leidy 1879 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Ⱥɤɫ* |
H.sylvatica Penard 1902 |
+ |
|
|
+ |
Ⱥɤɫ |
Nebela collaris Leidy 1876 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Ⱥɤɫ |
N.tubulosa Penard 1890 |
+ |
+ |
|
+ |
Ⱥɤɫ |
Euglypha laevis Perty 1849 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Ⱥɤɫ |
E. ciliata Leidy 1878 |
+ |
+ |
|
+ |
Ⱥɤɫ |
Assulina muscorum Greeff 1888 |
+ |
|
|
+ |
Ⱥɤɫ |
Trinema lineare v. minuskula Chardez 1971 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ɉɥɤ |
T. penardi Thomas, Chardez 1958 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ɉɥɤ |
T.complanatum Penard 1890 |
+ |
|
|
+ |
ɉɥɤ |
Corytion dubium Taranek, 1881 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ɉɥɤ |
ɍɞ± ɭɩɥɨɳɟɧɧɨ-ɞɢɫɤɨɜɢɞɧɵɣ ɦɨɪɮɨɬɢɩ ɉɥɤ± ɩɥɚɝɢɨɫɬɨɦɧɵɣ ɫɤɨɡɵɪɶɤɨɦ ɐ ± ɰɟɧɬɪɨɫɬɨɦɧɵɣ Ʉɪɤ ± ɤɪɢɩɬɨɫɬɨɦɧɵɣ ɫ ɤɨɡɵɪɶɤɨɦ Ⱥɤɫ ± ɚɤɪɨɫɬɨɦɧɵɣ ɫɠɚɬɵɣ
ϭϴϳ
ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧ ɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ ɬɚɛ ɂɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɛɢɨɬɨɩɨɜ ± ɨɛɳɚɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɱɜ ɱɬɨ ɨɛɭ ɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢ ɟɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹɯ ɧɚ ɞɟɩɪɟɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ.
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Ⱦɨɡɚ |
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ȼɢɞɵ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ |
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ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɝ ɤɝ |
Ɇɨɪɮɨɬɢɩ |
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10 |
20 |
30 |
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0 |
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Arcella catinus Penard 1890 |
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ɍɞ |
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Centropyxis aerophila Deflandre 1929 |
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+ |
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ɉɥɤ |
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C. elongata Deflandre 1929 |
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ɉɥɤ |
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Cyclopyxis eurystoma Deflandre 1929 |
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ɐ* |
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C. kahli Deflandre 1929 |
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ɐ |
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Plagiopyxis declivis Thomas 1955 |
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Ʉɪɤ |
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P. penardi Thomas 1955 |
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Ʉɪɤ |
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Heleopera petricola Leidy 1879 |
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+ |
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Ⱥɤɫ* |
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H.sylvatica Penard 1902 |
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Ⱥɤɫ |
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Nebela collaris Leidy 1876 |
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Ⱥɤɫ |
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N.tubulosa Penard 1890 |
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Ⱥɤɫ |
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Euglypha laevis Perty 1849 |
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Ⱥɤɫ |
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E. ciliata Leidy 1878 |
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Ⱥɤɫ |
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Assulina muscorum Greeff 1888 |
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Ⱥɤɫ |
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Trinema lineare v. minuskula Chardez 1971 |
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ɉɥɤ |
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T. penardi Thomas, Chardez 1958 |
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+ |
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ɉɥɤ |
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T.complanatum Penard 1890 |
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ɉɥɤ |
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Corytion dubium Taranek, 1881 |
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ɉɥɤ |
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ɍɞ |
± ɭɩɥɨɳɟɧɧɨ-ɞɢɫɤɨɜɢɞɧɵɣ |
ɦɨɪɮɨɬɢɩ ɉɥɤ ± |
ɩɥɚɝɢɨɫɬɨɦɧɵɣ ɫ |
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ɤɨɡɵɪɶɤɨɦ |
ɐ ± ɰɟɧɬɪɨɫɬɨɦɧɵɣ Ʉɪɤ ± |
ɤɪɢɩɬɨɫɬɨɦɧɵɣ ɫ ɤɨɡɵɪɶɤɨɦ Ⱥɤɫ ± |
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ɚɤɪɨɫɬɨɦɧɵɣ ɫɠɚɬɵɣ
ɉɪɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɱ ɜɟ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɝ ɤɝ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɥɢ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɟ ɚɦɟɛɵ ɪɨɞɨɜ Euglypha
ɢ Plagiopyxis ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɝ ɤɝ - Plagiopyxis, Centropyxis, Cyclopyxis.
ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɟ ɚɦɟɛɵ ɪɨɞɨɜ Plagiopyxis, Centropyxis, Cyclopyxis ɧɚɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɟ ɚɦɟɛɵ ɪɨɞɨɜ Corytion, Trinema, Arcella ɦɟɧɟɟ ɭɫ ɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ ɤ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɸ ɍɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɟɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɪɨɞɨɜ Plagiopyxis, Centropyxis, Cyclopyxis ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɞɜɭɤɚɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɤɢ Ɏɨɪ ɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɸ ɰɢɬɨɩɥɚɡɦɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɨɤɫɢɤɚɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɫɬɚɰɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹɯ
ȼ ɫɟɪɵɯ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ ɜɡɹɬɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɜɚɪɢɟɬɟɬɨɜ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɪɨɞɚɦ ɢ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚɦ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ ɜ ɫɟɪɵɯ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜ Centropyxidae, Euglyphidae ɢ Trinematidae ɗɬɢ
ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ - ɜɢɞɚ Ɉɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ - ɜɢ
ϭϴϴ
ɞɚ Ɋɚɤɨɜɢɧɤɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɬɢɩɚɦ ɱɬɨ ɝɨ ɜɨɪɢɬ ɨɛ ɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɢ Ȼɨɥɶɲɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɚɤɪɨɫɬɨɦɧɵɟȺɤɫ ɢ ɩɥɚɝɢɨɫɬɨɦɧɵɟ ɉɥɤ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɨɛɳɢɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢ ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɨɱɟɪɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɤɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɟɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɦɢ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢ ɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɧɟɮɬɶ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɤɨ ɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɨɛɜɨɥɚɤɢɜɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɧɟɮɬɶ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɸ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɯ ȼɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɹ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɵ ɧɟɮɬɶ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹ ɟɬ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɫɬɚɰɟɣ ȼ- ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɟ ɪɚɡ ɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɯ
ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɨɩɵɬɚɯ ɫ ɡɚ ɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɧɟɮɬɶɸ ɫ ɞɨɡɨɣ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɝ ɤɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɜɵɹɜɢɥ ɱɬɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɱɬɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɫɬɚɰɟɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɝ ɤɝ ɩɨɥ ɥɸɬɚɧɬɚ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɞɨ ɡɵ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ± ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɝ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɧɚ ɤɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ± ɝ ɧɟɮɬɢ
ɧɚ ɤɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ± ɝ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɧɚ ɤɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ± ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɫ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɱɢɫɥɟɧ ɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɝɢɛɟɥɶ ɬɟɫɬɚɰɟɣ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɬɪɨɟ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɱɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɩɪɹɦɨɦ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɥɟɝ ɤɢɯ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɢ ɜ ɯɢɦɢ ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ Ⱥɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɫɶ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɠɢɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ. Ʌɟɝɤɚɹɮɪɚɤɰɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɦɢɝɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɨ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɸ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɹ ɚɪɟɚɥ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ Ɍɜɺɪ ɞɵɣɩɚɪɚɮɢɧ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣɫɹɜɧɟɮɬɢ ɩɥɨɯɨɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨ ɛɟɧ ɧɚɞɨɥɝɨ ɡɚɩɟɱɚɬɚɬɶ ɩɨɪɵ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɥɢɲɢɜ ɩɨɱɜɭ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɚɝɨ- ɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ Ɉɫɨɛɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɟɥɥ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ ɭ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɯ ɧɟɬ ɢ ɨɧɢ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɚɸɬ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɭ ɒɚɪɨɜɚ ɉɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧ ɫɬɜɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɠɢɜɭɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɫɬɨɜ ± ɚɷɪɨɛɵ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɦɢɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɢɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨ
ϭϴϵ
ɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɦɨɪɹɯ ɩɪɟ ɫɧɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɬɨɩɚɯ Ȼɟɣɟɪ ɢ ɞɪ ɍ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɫɬɨɜ ɨɛɢ ɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɚɧɚɷɪɨɛɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɨɫɨɛɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɟɥɥɵ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦɚ ± ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɧɨɫɨɦɵ Ƚɢɞɪɨɝɟɧɨɫɨɦɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɵ ɨɤɢɫɥɹɸ ɳɢɟ ɩɢɪɨɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɧɭɸ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɭ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ȺɌɎ ȼ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɯ ɝɞɟ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɦ ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ ɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞ Ɂɚ ɜɚɪɡɢɧ Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɟɥɥ± ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɧɨɫɨɦ ɪɚɤɨ ɜɢɧɧɵɟ ɚɦɟɛɵ ɡɚɫɟɥɹɸɬ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɵ ɫ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɚɷɪɚɰɢɢ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɞɥɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɞɨɡɚɯ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɥɸɬɚɧɬɚ ɋɬɚɞɢɹ ɪɟɡɢ ɫɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɋɬɚɞɢɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚ ɡɢɹ Ⱦɟɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɞɢɹ ɜɵɦɢɪɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɯ ȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɧɢ ɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɝ ɤɝ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɢɫɱɟɡɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ Arcella catinus, Heleopera sylvatica, Assulina muscorum ɢ Trinema complanatum ɉɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɝ ɤɝ
ɩɨɱɜɵ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɝ ɤɝ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɢɫɱɟɡɧɨ
ɜɟɧɢɹ Arcella catinus, Heleopera sylvatica, Assulina muscorum ɢ Trinema complanatum. ɉɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɨ ɝ ɤɝ ɤ ɷɥɢɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɜɢɞɚɦ
ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ Centropyxis elongate, Nebela tubulosa, Euglypha ciliata ɉɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧ
ɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɝ ɤɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɋɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ ɧɚ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɛɥɸ ɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɝ ɤɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ Ɍɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɝ ɤɝ
ɷɥɢɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜɢɞɵ Arcella catinus, Heleopera sylvatica, Nebela tubulosa, Euglypha ciliate, Assulina muscorum ɢ Trinema complanatum ɉɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɨ ɝ ɤɝ ɜɢɦɢɪɚɸɬ ɢ Centropyxis elongate, Cyclopyxis kahli, Plagiopyxis penardi, Corytion dubium ɉɪɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɝ ɤɝ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɢ ɞɨɜ ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ
4.3 ɏɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɺɛ ɫɭɯɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɭɝɚ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ Ɍɨɦɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ Ɍɨɦɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɨɞɬɚɟɠ ɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ȼ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɨɡ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ ɜ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɛɢɨɰɟɧɨɡɟ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ ɩɨ ɦ2 ɫ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɨɞɧɨɪɚɡɨɜɵɦ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɝ ɤɝ Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɜ 3-ɯ ɤɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɫɬɢ ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɺɧɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ
Ɉɬɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɛ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɢ ɟɠɟɧɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ ɩɨ ɜ ɩɹɬɢ ɬɨɱ ɤɚɯ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɫɭɯɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɭɝɚ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɥɭɝɚ ɫ ɩɨɉɪɨɛɵ ɛɪɚɥɢ ɜ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɦ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɟ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ - ɫɦ Ɉɬɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɛ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɢ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɢ ɢɸɧɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɡɹɬɵ ɩɪɨɛɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ ɞɨ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɥɸɬɚɧɬɚ ɇɟɮɬɶ ɜɧɨɫɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɫɭɯɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɥɭɝɚ ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɜɟɫɟɧ ɧɟɟ-ɥɟɬɧɟ-ɨɫɟɧɧɟɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɺɛ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɺɧ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨ
ϭϵϬ
ɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ ɢ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɫɬɚɰɟɣ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɚɜɝɭɫɬɟ ɢ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɟ ȼ ɨɫɟɧɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɪɨɢɫ ɯɨɞɢɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɝɭɦɭɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧ ɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ Ƚɭɦɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɨɩɚɞɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɧɚɞ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɫɬɢɥɤɚ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɭɪɚɡɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɝɪɭɛɨɜɨɥɨɤɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫ ȼ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɬɟɫɬɚɰɟɢ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɜɚɸɬ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɸ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɯ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɥɨɪɵ ɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɚɝɚɸɳɟɦɫɹ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɨɩɚɞɟ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɫɟ ɡɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɫɮɚɝɧɨɛɢɨɧɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ ɩɨɫɜɹ ɳɟɧɵ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ (Heal ɇɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɬɪɟɯ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɫɮɚɝɧɨɜɵɯ ɛɢɨɬɨɩɚɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɛɪɢɬɚɧɢɢ
(Amphitrema flavum, Hyalosphenia papilio, Nebela tincta sensu lato ɭɱɺɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɫɥɟ
ɞɢɥ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɫɬɚɰɟɣ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɚ ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ Ɂɢɦɨɣ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɪɧɟɧɨɠɟɤ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɥɚɫɶ ɱɬɨ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
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Ɋɢɫ ɋɟɡɨɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ |
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ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɥɭɝɚ |
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ɷɤɡ ɝ |
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ɚɦɟɛ |
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3ODTLRS\[LV |
ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ |
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&HQWURS\[LV |
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&\FORS\[LV |
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&RU\WLRQ |
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7ULQHPD |
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1HEHOD |
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+\DORVSKHQLD |
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ɉɟɪɢɨɞɵ |
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ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɢɸɧɶ ɢɸɥɶ |
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ɚɜɝɭɫɬ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɶ |
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Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ ɋɟɡɨɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ ɫɭɯɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɭɝɚ
ȼ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ ɫɭɯɨɞɨɥɶ ɧɨɝɨ ɥɭɝɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɥɟɬɧɟ-ɨɫɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɬɪɺɯɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟ ɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɢɫ ɋɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɡɚɜɢ ɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɪɚɫɫɥɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɪɨɞɚɦ ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɚɹ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ Ɋɚɫɫɥɨɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɜ ɨɫɟɧɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ Ⱦɜɭɯɤɚɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɚɦɺɛɵ Plagiopyxis, Centropyxis, Cyclopyxis ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɬ ɧɚɞ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɞɧɨɤɚɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɣ ɋɟɡɨɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɹɜɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ
ϭϵϭ
Ʉɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɭɯɤɚɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɤɚɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɚɦɺɛ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɬɢ |
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ɜɨɮɚɡɟ ɱɬɨ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ |
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ɞɜɭɦɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɯ ɜ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ |
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Ɋɢɫ ɋɟɡɨɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɱɢɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ |
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ɜɥɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɥɭɝɚ |
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ɷɤɡ ɝ |
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ɚɦɟɛ |
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3ODTLRS\[LV |
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&HQWURS\[LV |
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ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ |
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&\FORS\[LV |
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&RU\WLRQ |
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7ULQHPD |
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1HEHOD |
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+\DORVSKHQLD |
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ɉɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ |
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ɢɸɧɶ ɢɸɥɶ ɚɜɝɭɫɬ |
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ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɶ |
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Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ ɋɟɡɨɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ |
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ɜɥɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɥɭɝɚ |
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Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɺɛ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɥɭɝɚ Ɋɢɫ ɜɵɹɜɢɥ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɨɫɟɧɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɇɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɫɥɨɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫ ɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɨ ɪɨɞɚɦ ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɨɞɨɜ ɞɜɭɯɤɚɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɚɦɺɛ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭ ɟɬ ɧɚɞ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɨɞɨɜ ɨɞɧɨɤɚɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɚɦɺɛ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɧɚɛɥɸ ɞɟɧɢɹ ɍ ɨɞɧɨɤɚɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɚɦɺɛ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɥɭɝɚ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɥɭɝɚ ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɨɞɚ Hyalosphenia ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɯ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɥɭɝɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɪɨɞɨɜ ɞɜɭɯɤɚɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɚɦɺɛ ɨɫɬɚɺɬɫɹ ɛɟɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɋɟɡɨɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɦɨɧɨɬɨɧɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɯ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤ ɱɢɫɥɟɧ ɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɫɭɯɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɭɝɚ ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɢɨɬɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɫɪɟ ɞɵ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɱɢɫ ɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɟɰɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɭɯɤɚ ɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɚɦɺɛ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɟ- ɨɫɟɧɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɸ ɧɟɮɬɟɯɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɺɛ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɛɢɨɬɨɩɚɯ ɫɭɯɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɥɭɝɚ ɋɪɟɞ ɧɟɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ ɫɭɯɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɭɝɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ ɢ
ϭϵϮ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟ ɧɢɹɯ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ ɫɭɯɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɭɝɚ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɱɢɫ ɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɦɺɛ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɧɟɫɺɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɪɚ ɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɝ ɤɝ- ɝ ɤɝ ȼ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɧɟɞɟɥɸ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɷɥɢɦɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɬɟɫ ɬɚɰɢɣ ɱɬɨ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɲɨɤɨɜɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɟɣ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɚɦɺɛ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɧɟɝɚ ɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɋɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɭɬɤɚɦ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɴɺɦɚ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠ ɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ - ɫɭɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɢɟ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɺɛ ɧɨ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ
ϭϵϯ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ ɧɚ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɫɭɯɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɭɝɚ
Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɹ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɥɟɬɧɟ - ɨɫɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɫɟɡɨɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸ ɳɟɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ ɪɢɫ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɯɨɪɨɲɭɸ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɯ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɦɺɛ ɧɚ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɦɺɛ ɧɚ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɺɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɫ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɰɢɟɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɝ ɤɝ ɢ ɝ ɤɝ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɱɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ ɟɬ ɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɺɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬ ɤɚɯ ɉɪɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɝ ɤɝ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɣ ɧɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɤɨɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɋɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢ ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɝ ɤɝ ɢ ɝ ɤɝ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɧɚ ɨɩɵɬ ɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɇ ɉ ɂɥɶɢɧɚ (1982) ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɬɚɣɝɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɝɨɞ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɟɮɬɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɫɬɚɥɨɫɶ ɨɬ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɜ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɬɚɣɝɟ ɱɟ ɪɟɡ ɦɟɫɹɰɚ± 32%, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ± ɋɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɟ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ ɧɨ ɜ ɪɟɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟ ɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɜ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚ ɉɪɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɮɬɶɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɝ ɤɝ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɝɨɞ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧ ɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɺɛ ɜ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɜ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɧɚ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɨɤɫɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɇɟɮɬɶ ɹɜɥɹ ɟɬɫɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɬɪɨɮɧɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚ
ϭϵϰ
ɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɢɳɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɟɫɩɨɡɧɨɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɂɫɦɚɢɥɨɜ
1983; ɂɥɶɢɧ ɢ ɞɪ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ Ɉɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɧɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ
ɫɭɯɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɭɝɚ
ʦ̨̛̦̭̥̌́ |
ʽ̸̨̭̯̯̦̌̌́ ̶̶̡̨̛̦̖̦̯̬̌́ ̴̛̦̖̯͕ ̡̐ͬ̐ |
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̨͕̔̌̚ ̡̥̐ͬϮ |
ϱ̜ ̖̦̔̽ |
ϯϬ̜̖̦̔̽ |
ϲϬ̜̖̦̔̽ |
ϵϬ̜̖̦̔̽ |
ϭ |
ϰ͘Ϯϳ цϭ͘Ϭϵ |
Ϭ͘ϴϳ цϬ͘Ϯϰ |
Ϭ͘ϲϮ цϬ͘ϭϲ |
Ϭ͘ϯϴ цϬ͘Ϭϵ |
Ϯ͘ϱ |
ϭϬ͘ϳϴ ц Ϯ͘ϲϵ |
ϱ͘ϭц ϭ͘Ϯϳ |
ϯ͘ϳϮ цϬ͘ϵϯ |
Ϯ͘ϯϯ цϬ͘ϱϴ |
ϱ |
ϭϵ͘ϰϮ цϰ͘ϴϱ |
ϭϬ͘ϲϱ ц Ϯ͘ϵϭ |
ϳ͘ϳϲ цϮ͘Ϭϲ |
ϰ͘ϴϳ цϭ͘Ϯϭ |
ϭϬ |
ϯϭ͘ϲϰ ц ϳ͘ϵϭ |
ϮϬ͘ϰ цϱ͘ϭ |
ϭϮ͘ϴϵ ц ϯ͘ϱϳ |
ϭϬ͘ϭϳ ц Ϯ͘Ϭϰ |
ϭϱ |
ϱϭ͘ϲϴ ц ϭϬ͘ϲ |
ϯϴ͘ϰϭ ц ϴ͘ϲ |
Ϯϲ͘ϲϵ ц ϲ͘ϭϳ |
ϭϰ͘ϵϴ ц ϯ͘ϳϰ |
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ȼɢɞɨɜɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɺɛ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ ɫɭɯɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɭɝɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɮɬɢɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹɯ
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ɉɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɝ ɤɝ |
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ȼɢɞɵ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧ |
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ɫɭɬɤɢ |
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ɫɭɬɤɢ |
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ɧɵɯ ɚɦɟɛ |
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0 |
10 |
20 |
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50 |
100 |
ɝ ɤɝ |
0 |
10 |
20 |
ɝ ɤɝ |
100 |
200 |
Arcella catinus |
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+ |
+ |
+ |
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+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
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Centropyxis |
+ |
+ |
+ |
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+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
aerophila |
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C. elongata |
+ |
+ |
+ |
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+ |
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+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
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Cyclopyxis |
+ |
+ |
+ |
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+ |
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+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
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eurystoma v. |
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parvula |
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C. kahli |
+ |
+ |
+ |
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+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Plagiopyxis |
+ |
+ |
+ |
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+ |
+ |
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+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
penardi |
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P. declivis |
+ |
+ |
+ |
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+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Heleopera |
+ |
+ |
+ |
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+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
petricola |
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H. sylvatica |
+ |
+ |
+ |
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+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
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Hyalosphenia |
+ |
+ |
+ |
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+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
elegans |
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H. papilio |
+ |
+ |
+ |
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+ |
+ |
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+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Nebela collaris |
+ |
+ |
+ |
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+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
N.tubulosa |
+ |
+ |
+ |
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+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
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Euglypha laevis |
+ |
+ |
+ |
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+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
E. compressa |
+ |
+ |
+ |
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+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
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E. ciliata |
+ |
+ |
+ |
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+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
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Assulina |
+ |
+ |
+ |
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+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
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muscorum |
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Trinema lineare |
+ |
+ |
+ |
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+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
v. minuskula |
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T. lineare |
+ |
+ |
+ |
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+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
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T. penardi |
+ |
+ |
+ |
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+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ϭϵϱ