
Телекоммуникационные системы
..pdf131
;
( -
5.11 );
. -
, ,
l.
-
, d, -
150 – 800 .
-
, -
.
, . -
, , -
.
(
5.2): -
,
|
5.2 |
|||||
, |
R0, , , ZB, |
|||||
|
0.4 |
139 |
45 |
1.54 |
1164 |
|
0.7 |
45 |
45 |
0.88 |
676 |
||
|
||||||
|
0.9 |
56.8 |
38 |
- |
130 |
|
1.2 |
31.6 |
43 |
- |
113 |
||
|
:
UTP – 3, -
4 . – .
10 ;
UTP – 5.
100 – 100 .
– 74 150 – 32
100 . 0.8 22 -
50 – 100 100 .
0.1 , 0.056 .


133
. -
( )
= |
2.6 f |
( |
D |
1) , |
(5.6) |
||
|
D |
|
|||||
|
D ln |
|
d |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
d
f , .
, -
f , D
D/d.
|
D |
. ( |
D |
) =3.6 |
|
|
|||
|
d |
d |
||
. (5.6) |
||||
|
|
= 21.6 f r 10 3 |
(5.7) |
|
|
|
D |
|
|
D=9.6 , r=1.22 f=100
=25 .
. 5.13 -
-
r. -
, ±I, -
.
, ,
:
, 100 -
1000 -
.
.

134
5.13 -
-
-
.
– ,
. -
,
. -
-
-
. ,
.
5.4
-
( 4 – 32 ) .
.
=0.85 – 1.6 .
170 – 350 ( 1.7 – 3.5 )105 . -

135
-
.
, -
1 – 10 .
0.1 – 1 -
1000 – 10000 . ,
-
, -
.
, , -
, .
. -
( 3 – 4 ) . ,
, -
,
-
. -
.
– – -
.
n1 n2 ( 5.14)
a |
|
|
|
n1 |
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
n2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.14 -
n1>n2, -
B (sin B= 2 ), -
1
.
.
n2=1
. -
. -
. -
(
) -

136
.
. -
n1 n2 ,
.
. -
-
, -
-. . , n1=1,465, n2=1,46. , ,
>85º.
. -
-
( ),
, -
. -
:
2 àï 12 ï 22 2,405 .
n1=1,5 n2=1.49, -
2 6,8 =0,85
12,8 =1,6 .
-
( 5.15)
)
d
) |
d > |
|
5.15 - ( ) ( ) -
.
-
, -
.
( ) -
, , ( 5.16)

137
B
A
5.16 -
A, -
B , -
. -
NA = sin A = n12 |
n22 |
(5.8) |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
V = |
2 à |
ï 12 ï |
22 |
(5.9) |
|
|
|
V 2,405, -
N = V 2
2
, -
a 2
.
. 5.15 , ,
,
, , -
. -
.
2 2
, N
.
20 – 50 .
(
5.17).

138
n2
n1
5.17 - .
n1. -
n = n1[1-2 (r/a)2]1/2, |
(5.10) |
= n1 n2 n1
,
A ,
. -
.
( )
10 – 20 ).
( )
. -
.
îïò ô ( )
n( )
( ), -
-
( ).
,
2 2 2
-
,
:
2 |
|
c |
(5.11) |
|
1 |
c |
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
(5.12) |
|
2 |
|||
|
|

139
- , |
|
|
|
5 7 , |
|
||
c = |
|
||
10 15 |
|||
|
|
n1 n2 |
|
|
n1 |
||
|
|
, 2/
, , -.
, -
-
, , = 1,35
.
( 10 ) -
( 100 ).
-
,
) , -
. ( =1 – 2
)
, .
, ,
5.18.
5.18 -
( ) -
0.45; 1.24; 1.34 .
, -
=1.3 =1.55 .
( 0.3 ) ( 100 ) -
=1.55 .
140
=1.3 , (0.7 – 1
) . -
“ – ”
.