Обучение чтению и переводу специальных текстов

1.2. Времена английского глагола

Teст III

Tenses of the Active and Passive Voice

Выберите глагольную форму для перевода на английский язык.

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1. Грамматический материал

Control Work

Tenses of the Active and Passive Voice

I. Переведите данные предложения на русский язык, следуя модели перевода

1.The latest surgical instruments were used during this unique operation.

2.Before the experiment the substances are mixed in a large cup.

3.The commission will consider this offer carefully.

4.This airplane crosses the Atlantic in 10 hours.

5.My friend entered the University last year.

6.The letter will be sent in a day.

II. Переведите данные предложения на русский язык, следуя модели перевода

1.Next Monday we will be working only 5 hours.

2.The construction of the road was being completed when the commission arrived.

3.The new device is being tested in the laboratory.

4.I was doing my homework at 7 o’clock in the evening.

5.‘Where is John?’ ‘He is repairing his car.’

III. Переведите данные предложения на русский язык, следуя модели перевода

1.By that time we had already changed our plans.

2.The street has been widened.

3.He decided to become a writer when his first story had been finished.

4.I have already done my report.

5.They will have finished their new project by the end of May.

6.The theatre will have been built by the beginning of the year.

IV. Прочитайте текст. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужную форму.

GRAMMAR CHECK

You have no time for games or searching Internet and you … (должен — to have) to prepare a report for your manager without any grammar mistakes

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1.3. Многофункциональность слов

in it? In this case the computer … (может — can) also be of great help. You simply … (посылаете — to send) the text to a grammar analysis program, and the computer … (укажет — to point) out … (большинство — many) of your errors and even … (порекомендует — to recommend) you how to correct them. Such help is especially useful when necessary to generate texts in a foreign language.

Text printing from a computer is also a very easy task. There … (должен быть — should) a printer … (соединенный — to connect) to your computer, and you … (должен — to have) to specify the format of the paper sheet and other required parameters of the document … (который нужно напеча- тать — to print). If your computer … (оборудован — to equip) with a powerful word processing program, high quality printer, large computer screen and scanner for graphics and image processing, you can call it a desktop publishing system. If you manage to master its operation, you … (сможете — to be able) to acquire popular secretary and publisher’s specialties.

You … (не нравится — to like) the profession of a secretary? You would like to have a more serious job? Computer … (предложит — to offer) you training programs in accounting, foreign languages and many other fields; it … (поможет — to help) you use Internet training services.

1.3.Многофункциональность слов

1.3.1.Функции глагола to be

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1. Грамматический материал

Окончание таблицы

Упражнение 1. Укажите функцию глагола to be в данных предложениях: смысловой глагол, вспомогательный глагол, модальный глагол.

1.What are you doing?

2.She was sixteen last year.

3.Everything is in constant motion.

4.The atom is to serve mankind.

5.He was asked to read this paper at the conference.

6.The students are to be at the laboratory at 6 o’clock.

7.Laughter is the best medicine.

8.The delegation is to come on Monday.

9.A new film is shown in our cinema.

Упражнение 2. Переведите текст. Укажите следующие значения глагола to be:

1 — связка в составном сказуемом со значением áûòü, являться,

состоять, заключаться; 2 — вспомогательный глагол для образования страдательного залога;

3 — вспомогательный глагол для образования глагольной формы Progressive;

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1.3. Многофункциональность слов

4 — в усилительной конструкции со значением именно;

5 — в обороте there to be;

6 — модальный глагол.

Physics is the science studying various phenomena in nature. Its object is to determine exact relations between physical phenomena. Physics is divided very naturally into two great branches, experimental and theoretical. The task of the former is to make observations and carry out experiments. On the basis of the experimental facts theoretical physics is to formulate laws and predict the behaviour of natural phenomena. Every law is based on experiments. It was the study of natural phenomena that made it possible to formulate various laws. There are still a lot of problems to be solved. Scientists all over the world are doing their best to find answers to numerous unsolved problems.

1.3.2. Функции глагола to have

Упражнение 3. Укажите в данных предложениях функцию глагола to have: смысловой глагол, вспомогательный глагол, модальный глагол.

1. We’ll have a party tomorrow.

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1. Грамматический материал

2.We’ll have to prepare for the party.

3.She has done a lot of work today.

4.We have invited our friends.

5.They have never met before.

6.Mr. Smith stayed at his office because he had to write his report.

7.She has to do a lot of work today.

8.She has a lot of work today.

9.They have a new computer.

Упражнение 4. Переведите текст. Укажите следующие значения глагола to have:

1 — смысловой глагол со значением иметь, обладать; 2 — вспомогательный глагол для образования действительного залога;

3 — вспомогательный глагол для образования страдательного залога;

4 — модальный глагол.

Radioactivity is invisible and inaudible, and we cannot feel it until we have received too much of it and become ill. But in our nuclear age we have a vital tool, the Geiger counter, which is used for detecting radioactivity. It was invented by Hans Geiger, a German physicist, and has the ability to register cosmic rays as well as gamma-rays. Geiger counters have been made for all kinds of purposes — light ones for uranium prospecting, built-in types for atomic power stations and research establishments; counters with warning signals for factory workers who have to handle radioactive matter and whose hands and clothes have to be checked and so on.

1.3.3. Функции глагола to do

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1.3. Многофункциональность слов

Упражнение 5. Вставьте глагол to do в соответствующей форме, определите его функцию.

1.We always …the homework.

2.What are you …?

3.What methods … you use?

4.I … like mathematics but my brother … like it at all.

5.… you go to the university yesterday? — No, I … .

6.A wise man seldom changes his mind, a fool never … .

7.You … apply mathematical methods, … you?

8.I hate physics, I … like it at all but Nick … .

9.Why didn’t you go to the university yesterday? — But I … go there!

10.I … the test now. And you?

1.3.4.Функции и перевод слова one (ones)

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Упражнение 6. Укажите функции слова one(s) в данных предложениях: числительное, формальное подлежащее, формальное дополнение, словозаместитель.

1.One cannot read such technical papers without a dictionary.

2.He knew that no one could help him.

3.He is one of the best students in our group.

4.It allows one to estimate the parameter.

5.One is never late to learn.

6.These boxes are very small. We want to get bigger ones.

7.The idea of automation is one of the most important ideas for modern industry.

8.The right hand is usually stronger than the left one.

1.3.5.Функции и перевод слова that (those)

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1.3. Многофункциональность слов

Упражнение 7. Употребите вместо выделенных слов соответствующие им слова-заместители (one, ones, that, those).

1.The day on Mars is a little longer than the day on the Earth.

2.These changes are more radical than the changes occurring at low temperatures.

3.These methods are different from the methods in current use.

4.Most countries use units of the metric system and not the units of the imperial system.

5.There are many technical journals in our study; the most interesting journals are on that shelf.

6.Our data are the same as the data available in literature.

7.You should use a new method, not the old method.

8.This effect is different from the effect resulting from ultraviolet radiation.

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Упражнение 8. Соотнесите данные предложения с соответствующей функцией местоимения it в предложении: личное, указательное, безлич- ное, усилительное.

1.It was important to solve this problem.

2.It occupied all his thoughts for hours.

3.Learn this rule. It is very simple.

4.It is atomic electricity that will be the electricity of tomorrow.

5.It is never late to learn.

6.It was in October 4, 1957, that space age begun.

7.I’ve read this book. Now I can give it to you.

8.It is easy to translate this text.

1.4.Причастие (Participle)

1.4.1.Неличные формы глагола (Verbals)

Причастие представляет собой одну из так называемых неличных форм глагола (Verbals), к которым также относятся герундий и инфинитив. Неличные формы образуются от глагола и имеют одинаковое с ним лекси- ческое значение, но в отличие от глагола не изменяются по лицам, числам, не могут служить в предложении сказуемым. Они представляют собой ряд застывших неизменных глагольных форм, указывающих лишь на относительное время действия (настоящее, прошедшее) и его характер (активный, пассивный). Кроме глагольных свойств они имеют свойства

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