- •Preface
- •Origins of Rule: Pinnel’s Case
- •Rule Reviewed: Foakes v. Beer
- •Justifications for Rule
- •Objections Raised to Rule
- •Common Law Reforms
- •Scattered Legislative Reforms
- •U.C.C. Rejects Preexisting Duty Rule
- •Tenacious Rule Reaffirmed
- •Exception for Subsequent Unanticipated Event
- •Comparison of U.C.C. and Restatement Second Positions
- •When Preexisting Duty Rule Applies Today
- •Possible Common Law Solutions
- •Conclusion: Reform of Preexisting Duty Rule
- •Origins of Past Consideration Rule: Hunt v. Bate
- •Emergence of Moral Obligation Principle
- •Early Nineteenth Century English Support for Mansfield’s Ideas
- •Negative Reaction Sets In
- •Initial American Reception Mixed
- •English Precedents Not Requiring Prior Legal Obligation
- •Void Contracts Covered
- •Implied Previous Request
- •Consideration Found without Implied Request
- •11. American Promissory Restitution Supported by Moral Obligation Alone
- •Independent Ground of Moral Obligation
- •Reasons Justifying Moral Obligation as an Independent Ground
- •Conclusion: Moral Obligation Principle
- •Notes
- •Tables of Cases
- •Table of Statutes
- •Subject Index
Tables of Cases
Anonymous Cases Cited Chronologically |
|
||
(1346) |
Y.B. 20 Edw. III (Lib. Ass.) 72, pl. 14 |
138 |
|
(1455) |
Y.B. Mich. 33 |
Hen. VI, f. 48, pl. 32 |
125 |
(1490) |
Y.B. Trin. 5 Hen. VII, f. 41v., pl. 7 |
168 |
|
(1495) |
Y.B. Mich. 10 |
Hen. VII, f. 4, pl. 4 |
125 |
(1506) |
Y.B. Mich. 21 |
Hen. VII, f. 41, pl. 66 |
173 |
(1563) |
Anon., Dal. 49, pl.13 |
125 |
|
(1572) |
Anon., Dal. 84 |
|
168 |
(1588) |
Anon., 4 Leon. 81 |
125 |
|
(1682) |
Anon., 2 Show. 184 |
79, 88, 98, 173, 176, |
|
178, 179, 180, 181, |
|
184, 188, 192 |
Named Cases Cited Alphabetically |
|
Aborn v. Rathbone (1886) |
135 |
Adams v. Tapling (1692) |
126 |
Alaska Packers’ Assn. v. Domenico (1902) |
130, 134, 140 |
Allen v. Bryson (1885) |
185 |
Allen v. Harris (1696) |
127 |
Amerdyne Ind., Inc. v. POM, Inc. (1985) |
146 |
American Food Co. v. Halstead (1905) |
141 |
Anangel Atlas Compania Naviera SA v. Ishikawajima- |
154 |
Harina Ind. (1990) |
|
Anderson v. Best (1896) |
184, 185, 186 |
Andover Turnpike Corp. v. Gould (1809) |
186 |
Andrew v. Boughey (1552) |
126, 168 |
200 |
Tables of Cases |
|
Angel v. Murray (1974) |
|
63, 161, 162, 164 |
Arbogast v. Mylius (1904) |
|
141 |
Ashmole v. Wainwright (1842) |
|
138 |
Astley v. Reynolds (1732) |
|
31, 32, 138 |
Atkins v. Hill (1775) |
|
77, 78, 90, 92, 93, |
|
|
99, 120, 132, 168, |
|
|
171, 172, 176, 177, |
|
|
178, 181, 184, 188, |
|
|
198 |
Awe v. Gadd (1971) |
|
136 |
Bagge v. Slade (1616) |
|
24, 127, 128, 129, |
|
|
134 |
Baker v. Walker (1845) |
|
134 |
Ball v. Hesketh (1697) |
|
75, 76, 78, 83, 85, |
|
|
89, 93, 94, 105, |
|
|
106, 112, 114, 119, |
|
|
121, 169, 175, 181, |
|
|
191 |
Barnes v. Hedley (1809) |
|
83, 92, 100, 101, |
|
|
174, 176, 177, 179, |
|
|
182, 189 |
Barnwell & Hays, Inc. v. Sloan (1977) |
150, 162, 163 |
|
Barthe v. LaCroix (1877) |
|
186 |
Bartlett v. Woodsworth Co. (1898) |
129 |
|
Bates v. Watson (1853) |
|
189 |
Beaumont v. Reeve (1854) |
|
182 |
Bentley v. Morse (1817) |
|
111, 194, 195 |
Berger v. Lane (1923) |
|
149 |
Besfich and Coggil’s Case (1628) |
188 |
|
Best and Jolly’s Case (1660) |
|
98, 188 |
Bevan v. Tomlinson (1865) |
|
193 |
Billman v. V.I. Equities Corp. (1984) |
143 |
|
Binnington v. Wallis (1821) |
|
179, 182, 187 |
Blaess v. Nichols & Shepard Co. (1902) |
141 |
|
Blakeslee v. Water Commissioners (1927) |
55, 135, 137, 142, |
|
|
|
153, 155, 156, 157, |
|
|
158, 160, 161 |
Block v. Drucker (1968) |
|
164 |
Board of Commissioners of Montgomery County v. John- |
130 |
|
son (1928) |
|
|
Boles v. Merrill (1899) |
|
184, 185 |
Boothe v. Fitzpatrick (1864) |
|
110, 111, 112, 120, |
|
|
194, 195, 198 |
Brack v. Brack (1944) |
|
167 |
Brazil v. Maryland Cas. Co. (1914) |
149 |
|
Brikom Investments Ltd. v. Carr (1979) |
143 |
Tables of Cases |
201 |
Brooks v. White (1840) |
21, 23, 30, 131, 132, |
|
133, 149, 165 |
Brown v. Everhard (1881) |
29, 136, 166, 196 |
Brown v. Kern (1899) |
131, 134, 141 |
Browning v. Holloway (1981) |
167 |
Brumagin v. Tillinghast (1861) |
138 |
Bucker v. Nat’l Mgt. Corp. (1983) |
164 |
Bunn v. Winthrop (1815) |
186 |
Business Incentives, Inc. v. Sony Corp. of America |
150 |
(1975) |
|
Butch Levy Plumbing and Heating, Inc. v. Sallabad |
167 |
(1964) |
|
Butler v. Rhodes (1794) |
129, 135 |
Canada v. Allstate Insurance Co. (1969) |
144 |
Carns v. Bassick (1919) |
149 |
Case v. Barber (1682) |
127 |
Central London Property Trust Ltd. v. High Trees |
37, 62, 142, 143, |
House Ltd. (1947) |
153, 160, 161, 163 |
Cheshire v. Barrett (1825) |
180, 184 |
Church v. Church (1656) |
98, 108, 188, 191, |
|
192 |
Clark v. Herring (1812) |
120, 184, 198 |
Clark v. Jones (1888) |
137 |
Clayton v. Clark (1896) |
28, 135, 166 |
Cobb v. Charter (1865) |
138 |
Cohen v. Sabin (1973) |
195 |
Combe v. Combe (1951) |
143 |
Commercial Car Line v. Anderson (1922) |
159 |
Comstock v. Smith (1810) |
107, 191, 192, 193, |
|
194 |
Cook v. Bradley (1828) |
184, 185, 189, 190 |
Cooper v. Martin (1803) |
82–83, 87, 106, 174, |
|
175, 177, 179, 180, |
|
181, 191 |
Cooper v. McIlwain (1877) |
137 |
Couldery v. Bartrum (1881) |
133 |
Coulter v. Howard (1927) |
116, 196, 198 |
Craft v. Rolland (1870) |
190 |
Cumber v. Wane (1721) |
17, 22, 23, 128, 129, |
|
131, 132, 134 |
Cunningham v. Garvin (1849) |
198 |
Curry v. Boeckeler Lumber Co. (1930) |
137, 156, 160 |
Curtiss v. Martin (1858) |
134 |
Cut Price Super Markets v. Kingpin Food, Inc. (1959) |
167 |
Cutler v. Close (1832) |
165 |
Cutter v. Powell (1795) |
165 |
202 |
Tables of Cases |
|
D. & C. Builders Ltd. v. Rees (1965) (1966) |
129 |
|
D. L. Godbey & Sons Constr. Co. v. Deane (1952) |
155 |
|
DeCecchis v. Evers (1961) |
|
164 |
Deeks v. Strutt (1794) |
|
178 |
De-Mars v. Musser-Sauntry Land, Log, & Mfg. Co. (1887) |
149 |
|
Dodge v. Kimball (1909) |
|
149 |
Doty v. Wilson (1817) |
|
110, 111, 191, 192, |
|
|
194 |
Drake v. Bell (1899) |
|
112, 113, 186, 195, |
|
|
197 |
Drennan v. Star Paving Co. (1958) |
141 |
|
Dreyfus v. Roberts (1905) |
|
135 |
Earl of Chesterfield v. Janssen (1750) |
140 |
|
Earl of Feversham v. Watson (1677) |
172 |
|
Earle v. Oliver (1848) |
|
181, 182, 185, 197 |
Early v. Mahon (1821) |
|
101, 184, 189, 197 |
Eastwood v. Kenyon (1840) |
|
81, 84, 88, 89, 90, |
|
|
91, 92, 93, 94, 97, |
|
|
100, 102, 103, 112, |
|
|
113, 153, 174, 175, |
|
|
176, 177, 180, 181, |
|
|
182, 184, 185, 187, |
|
|
189, 190, 195, 197, |
|
|
198 |
Ebert v. Johns (1903) |
|
133 |
Edwards v. Davis (1819) |
|
108, 111, 113, 192, |
|
|
195 |
Edwards v. Nelson (1833) |
|
180, 184, 186 |
Egles v. Vale (1606) |
|
135 |
Ehle v. Judson (1840) |
|
186 |
Elbinger v. Capitol and Teutonia Co. (1932) |
196, 198 |
|
Elliott v. Turner (1853) |
|
184, 186 |
Engbretson v. Seiberling (1904) |
|
131 |
Evans v. Oregon & W. R. Co. (1910) |
135 |
|
Farmland Services Coop v. Jack (1976) |
62, 63, 150, 162, 163 |
|
Faxton v. Faxon (1873) |
|
149 |
Ferguson v. Harris (1893) |
|
184, 186, 190, 194, |
|
|
195 |
Fitch v. Sutton (1804) |
|
132 |
Fitzgerald v. Fitzgerald and Mallory Construction Co. |
33, 140 |
|
(1895) |
|
|
Flight v. Reed (1863) |
|
92, 100, 182, 189 |
Tables of Cases |
203 |
Foakes v. Beer (1884) |
17, 18, 19, 20, 21, |
|
22, 23, 24, 25, 28, |
|
29, 30, 31, 36, 37, |
|
38, 39, 43, 50, 62, |
|
69, 125, 127, 128, |
|
129, 130, 131, 132, |
|
137, 139, 153, 154, |
|
163, 166 |
Fondedile v. Maquire (1992) |
164 |
Foote v. DePoy (1905) |
140 |
Ford v. Hubinger (1894) |
136 |
Forman v. Smith (1926) |
185 |
Fried v. Fisher (1938) |
36, 37, 142, 160 |
Frye v. Hubbell (1907) |
28, 29, 42, 134, 135, |
|
136, 146, 159, 166 |
Fuller v. Kemp (1893) |
135 |
Gallon v. Lloyd-Thomas Co. (1959) |
185 |
Gannon v. Emtman (1965) |
155 |
Geer v. Archer (1848) |
186 |
George v. Roberts (1914) |
137, 166 |
George v. Schuman (1918) |
152 |
Gibson v. Dickie (1815) |
178, 179, 182 |
Glass v. Beach (1833) |
193 |
Goebel v. Linn (1882) |
32, 33, 55, 139, 156, |
|
158 |
Good v. Cheesman (1831) |
129, 135 |
Goodright ex dim. Elizabeth Carter v. Straphan (1774) |
77, 83, 89, 93, 99, |
|
101, 171, 174, 176, |
|
177, 181, 184, 188, |
|
189 |
Goring v. Goring (1601) |
127 |
Grand Lodge Knights of Pythias v. Williams (1944) |
146 |
Gray v. Barton (1873) |
135 |
Green v. Millman Bros., Inc. (1967) |
164 |
Greeves v. McAllister (1809) |
120, 196, 197, 198 |
Gwinn v. Simes (1875) |
189 |
Hackley v. Headley (1881) |
32, 33, 139 |
Hadley v. Baxendale (1854) |
156 |
Harper v. Graham (1851) |
131, 133, 135 |
Harris v. Carter (1854) |
19, 131, 137 |
Harris v. Watson (1791) |
19, 130, 134, 137, |
|
139, 140, 152 |
Hatch v. Purcell (1850) |
192 |
Hatchell v. Odom (1836) |
189 |
204 |
Tables of Cases |
|
Hawkes v. Saunders (1782) |
|
78, 82, 90, 92, 99, |
|
|
101, 111, 119, 120, |
|
|
132, 168, 171, 172, |
|
|
175, 177, 178, 184, |
|
|
188, 194, 198 |
Hayes v. Plantations Steel Co. (1982) |
160 |
|
Hayes v. Warren (1731) |
|
106, 107, 108, 191, |
|
|
192 |
Headley v. Hackley (1883) |
|
43, 44, 139, 149 |
Heathcote v. Crookshanks (1787) |
132 |
|
Heckman & Shell v. Wilson (1971) |
164 |
|
Hembree v. Glover (1890) |
|
137 |
Hemphill v. McClimans (1855) |
|
102, 186, 189, 197 |
Henderson v. Stobart (1850) |
|
135 |
Henningsen v. Bloomfield Motors (1960) |
165 |
|
Herman v. Schesinger (1902) |
|
133, 136 |
Herrington v. Davitt (1917) |
|
184 |
Hetchler v. American Life Ins. Co. (1934) |
142, 160 |
|
Hewton v. Forster (1536) |
|
127 |
Heyling v. Hastings (1699) |
|
76, 77, 78, 83, 85, |
|
|
89, 92, 93, 94, |
|
|
105, 106, 112, 114, |
|
|
119, 121, 169, 171, |
|
|
175, 184 |
Hicks v. Burhans (1813) |
|
107, 108, 192, 193 |
Hodge v. Vavisour (1617) |
|
75, 168, 169 |
Holy v. First Nat. Bank of Kenosha (1935) |
136 |
|
Hubbard v. Farrer (1635) |
|
127 |
Hughes v. Jones (1970) |
|
146 |
Hughes v. Metropolitan Ry. (1877) |
142 |
|
Hughes v. Rann (1774) |
|
198 |
Hunt v. Bate (1568) |
|
74, 75, 89, 98, 99, |
|
|
106, 109, 110, 115, |
|
|
121, 168, 169, 174, |
|
|
175, 181, 187, 193 |
Hurst v. Mutual Reserve Fund Life Ins. Ass’n (1830) |
184, 186 |
|
In re Estate of Gerke (1955) |
|
119, 196, 197, 198 |
In re Hatten’s Estate (1939) |
|
118, 196, 197, 198 |
In re Pohl’s Estate (1939) |
|
197 |
In re Schoenkerman’s Estate (1940) |
118, 197 |
|
In re Selectmove Ltd. (1995) |
|
153 |
Industrial Development Bd. of Town of Section v. Fuqua |
137, 166 |
|
Ind., Inc. (1975) |
|
|
Ingersoll v. Martin (1882) |
|
186 |
Jaffray v. Davis (1891) |
|
135 |
Jakeman v. Cook (1878) |
|
182 |
Tables of Cases |
205 |
James Baird Co. v. Gimbel Bros. (1933) |
141 |
Jenkins v. Tucker (1788) |
99, 188 |
Jennings v. Brown (1842) |
187 |
Jensen v. Anderson (1970) |
118, 197 |
Jilson v. Gilbert (1870) |
193 |
Johnson v. Astell (1667) |
133 |
Johnson v. Brannan (1809) |
131 |
Johnson v. Johnson (1824) |
185 |
Jorden v. Money (1854) |
142 |
Kaiser v. Fadem (1955) |
116, 196, 197 |
Kellogg v. Richards (1837) |
131, 135 |
Kelly v. Eby (1891) |
190 |
Kenan v. Holloway (1849) |
185 |
Kent v. Rand (1886) |
102, 190 |
Kilbourn v. Bradley (1809) |
101, 186, 189 |
King v. Duluth (1895) |
135, 53, 55, 58, 137, |
|
141, 151, 154, 155, |
|
156, 157, 158, 160, |
|
161, 162 |
King v. Louisville & N. R. Co. (1908) |
135 |
Krell v. Henry (1903) |
149, 157 |
Kzior v. City of St. Joseph (1959) |
130 |
Lampleigh v. Braitwait (1616) |
75, 169, 174 |
Landis v. Royer (1868) |
186 |
Langdon v. Langdon (1855) |
132, 133 |
Lange v. United States (1941) |
161 |
Lee v. Muggeridge (1813) |
83–84, 94, 100, 101, |
|
102, 174, 176, 177, |
|
179, 189, 198 |
Leonard v. Duffin (1880) |
186 |
Levine v. Blumenthal (1936) |
130 |
Liebreich v. Tyler State Bank & Trust Co. (1936) |
135, 159 |
Lingenfelder v. Wainwright Brewing Co. (1891) |
33, 43, 139, 140, |
|
148, 149 |
Linz v. Schuck (1907) |
53, 59, 135, 152, |
|
155, 156, 158, 160, |
|
161, 162, 184 |
Little v. Blunt (1830) |
180, 184 |
Littlefield v. Shee (1831) |
176, 180 |
Livingston v. Rogers (1804) |
107, 191, 193 |
Loomis v. Newhall (1833) |
185 |
Loper v. O’Rourke (1976) |
143 |
Losh v. Williamson (1775) |
170 |
Loyd v. Lee (1719) |
169, 171, 190 |
Ludlow v. Hardy (1870) |
189 |
Lynn v. Bruce (1794) |
128, 134 |
206 |
Tables of Cases |
|
M & St. P. Ry. Co. v. Clark (1900) |
131 |
|
Mainland v. Alfred Broen Co. (1969) |
164 |
|
Marnon v. Vaughan Motor Co. (1948) |
116, 196 |
|
Marriot v. Hampton (1797) |
|
178 |
Marsh and Rainford’s Case (1588) |
79, 173, 178, 187 |
|
Martin’s Estate (1890) |
|
185 |
Martiniello v. Bamel (1926) |
|
151 |
Marysville Development Co. v. Hargis (1925) |
135 |
|
Massey-Ferguson Credit Corp. v. Peterson (1981) |
164 |
|
Masterson v. Sine (1968) |
|
165 |
Matter of Estate of Easterbrook (1982) |
164 |
|
Mattfield v. Nester (1948) |
|
167 |
Maxwell v. Graves (1882) |
|
35, 141 |
McCallum Highlands Ltd. v. Washington Capital Dus, |
164 |
|
Inc. (1995) |
|
|
McElven v. Sloan (1876) |
|
186 |
McGovern v. New York (1923) |
|
130 |
McGowan & Connolly Co. v. Kenny-Moran Co. (1924) |
155, 161 |
|
McKenzie v. Harrison (1890) |
|
36, 135, 141 |
McMorris v. Herndon (1830) |
|
110, 186, 194 |
Meech v. City of Buffalo (1864) |
|
53, 55, 59, 135, 141, |
|
|
156, 158, 160, 161 |
Meredith v. Chute (1702) |
|
132, 163, 169, 172 |
Mermelstein v. Realty Associates Securities Corp. (1947) |
146 |
|
Metro Communications Co. v. Ameritech Mobile Com- |
164 |
|
munications (1993) |
|
|
Michaud v. McGregor (1895) |
|
54, 137, 141, 155, |
|
|
157, 158, 160, 161 |
Milliken v. Brown (1829) |
|
133 |
Mills v. Wyman (1825) |
|
87–88, 94–95, 109, |
|
|
112, 113, 178, 180, |
|
|
185, 187, 190, 193, |
|
|
195 |
Milward v. Ingram (1675) |
|
127, 135 |
Mineral Park Land Co. v. Howard (1916) |
149, 157 |
|
Moore v. Williamson (1925) |
|
136 |
Mortimore v. Wright (1840) |
|
87, 179, 180 |
Moses v. Macferlan (1760) |
|
85, 172 |
Moss v. Smith (1850) |
|
157 |
Mountain Shadows of Indine v. Kopsho (1977) |
164 |
|
Muir v. Kane (1909) |
|
116, 117, 119, 185, |
|
|
195, 196, 196, 198 |
Munroe v. Perkins (1830) |
|
30, 50, 51, 137, 141, |
|
|
154, 155 |
Musumeci v. Winadell Pty Ltd (1994) |
153 |
|
Nesmith v. Drum (1844) |
|
198 |
New York Cent. Iron Works Co.v. United States Radiator |
148 |
|
Co. (1903) |
|
|
Tables of Cases |
207 |
Newland v. Buncombe Turnpike Co. (1844) |
138 |
Nicole v. Allen (1827) |
86, 87, 179, 180, 192 |
Nightingale v. Barney (1853) |
185 |
Nixon v. Jenkins (1857) |
194 |
Northwestern Engineering Co. v. Ellerman (1944) |
141 |
Obrecht v. Crawford (1938) |
149 |
Oien v. St. Paul City Ry. Co. (1936) |
136 |
Oken v. National Chain Co. (1981) |
153 |
Old American Life Ins. Co. v. Biggers (1949) |
117, 196, 197 |
Osborne v. Rogers (1798) |
106, 110, 111, 191, |
|
192, 193, 194 |
Paradine v. Jane (1647) |
156–57, 158 |
Park Falls State Bank v. Fordyce (1931) |
118, 196, 197, 198 |
Parker v. Great Western Ry. (1844) |
138 |
Parrot v. Mexican Cent. Ry. Co. (1911) |
137 |
Penn National Bank v. Tinkler (1945) |
145 |
Peytoe’s Case (1602) |
127 |
Pillans v. Van Mierop (1765) |
76–77, 78, 90, 91, |
|
93, 107, 132, 135, |
|
169, 170, 184, 191 |
Pinnel’s Case (1602) |
3, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, |
|
21, 22, 23, 27, 28, |
|
29, 30, 37, 39, 40, |
|
62, 65, 67, 68, |
|
125, 126, 127, 128, |
|
129, 130, 131, 132, |
|
134, 139, 144, 151, |
|
153, 154, 163, 165 |
Pirrone v. Monarch Wine Co. of Georgia (1974) |
150 |
Pittsburgh Testing Lab. v. Farnsworth & Chambers Co. |
54, 55, 156, 157, |
(1958) |
158, 159, 162 |
Poor v. Greene (1813) |
184 |
Puckett v. Alexander (1889) |
189 |
Quigley v. Wilson (1991) |
161, 164 |
Radich v. Hutchins (1877) |
138 |
Rann v. Hughes (1778) |
77, 78, 170, 171, 184 |
Rask v. Norman (1918) |
185 |
Rawlins v. Lockey (1639) |
128, 133 |
Re C (1994) |
153 |
Recker v. Gustafson (1979) |
148, 151, 157, 159, |
|
161, 164, 165 |
Reech v. Kennegal (1748) |
80, 172, 174 |
Rex v. Lyme Regis (1779) |
193 |
208 |
Tables of Cases |
|
Rexite Casting Co. v. Midwest Mower Corp. (1954) |
48, 58, 151, 152, |
|
|
|
154, 161, 164 |
Reynolds v. Pinhowe (1595) |
|
24, 127, 129, 133 |
Richards v. Bartlett (1584) |
|
15, 16, 18, 126, 127, |
|
|
130 |
Rickett v. Doze (1979) |
|
164 |
Rogers v. Rathburn (1806) |
|
189 |
Roscorla v. Thomas (1842) |
|
91, 182 |
Roth Steel Products v. Sharon Steel Corp. (1983) |
150, 156, 161, 162 |
|
Rye v. Phillips (1938) |
|
29, 42, 136, 146, |
|
|
154, 164, 166 |
Sackett v. Sackett (1829) |
|
183 |
Sambo’s Restaurant, Inc. v. City of Ann Arbor (1981) |
164 |
|
San Juan v. St. John’s Gas Co. (1904) |
129 |
|
Sanger v. Dun (1879) |
|
165 |
Schwartzreich v. Bauman-Basch (1921) |
141, 155, 158, 159, |
|
|
|
160 |
Scott v. Carruth (1836) |
|
186 |
Scott v. Nelson (1763) |
|
79, 88, 89, 93, 98, |
|
|
173, 178, 179, 180, |
|
|
181, 184, 188, 192 |
Sergeant v. Leonard (1981) |
|
164 |
Seymour v. Town of Marlboro (1868) |
112, 195 |
|
Sharington v. Strotton (1564–66) |
187 |
|
Sheehan v. Commercial Travelers (1933) |
142, 160 |
|
Shenk v. Mingle (1825) |
|
186, 190 |
Shugart v. Shugart (1903) |
|
185 |
Sibree v. Tripp (1846) |
|
17, 22, 128, 129, |
|
|
132, 134, 135, 166 |
Siebring Mfg. Co. v. Carlson Hybrid Corn Co. (1955) |
157, 158 |
|
Simon v. Etgen (1915) |
|
148, 149 |
Simon v. Gray (1925) |
|
155 |
Skeate v. Beale (1841) |
|
32, 138 |
Skinner v. Tober Foreign Motors, Inc. (1963) |
150, 152, 161, 162 |
|
Slade’s Case (1602) |
|
74, 168 |
Smith v. Tripp (1883) |
|
185 |
Somerset Bank v. Edmund (1907) |
130 |
|
Southerton v. Whitlock (1726) |
|
106, 169, 191 |
State, Use of Stevenson, v. Reigart (1843) |
184, 186 |
|
Stead v. Dawber (1839) |
|
136, 196 |
Stebbins v. Crawford County (1879) |
184, 186 |
|
Steinman v. Magnus (1809) |
|
132 |
Sterbergh v. Provoost (1851) |
|
186 |
Stilk v. Myrick (1809) |
|
19, 30, 50, 62, 63, |
|
|
130, 137, 139, 140, |
|
|
152, 153, 154 |
Stock v. Mason (1798) |
|
129 |
Tables of Cases |
209 |
Stone v. Withipool (1589) |
169, 172 |
Stoudenmeier v. Williamson (1857) |
135 |
Strangborough v. Warner (1589) |
127, 136 |
Style v. Smith (1587) |
79, 88, 98, 99, 108, |
|
173, 178, 179, 180, |
|
181, 187, 189, 191, |
|
192 |
Summers v. Ferry (1709) |
138 |
Sutch’s Estate (1902) |
197 |
Swartz v. Lieberman (1948) |
137, 154 |
Taylor v. Caldwell (1863) |
157 |
Thermoglaze, Inc. v. Morningside Gardens Co. (1991) |
164 |
Thomas and Cross v. Brown (1914) |
34, 140 |
Tierney v. Capricorn Investors, L.P. (1993) |
164 |
Trayer v. Setzer (1904) |
186 |
Tri-City Concrete Co. v. A.L.A. Constr. Co. (1962) |
164 |
Trueman v. Fenton (1777) |
77, 78, 83, 92, 93, |
|
171, 175, 193 |
Turner v. Patridge (1831) |
192 |
Tweddle v. Atkinson (1861) |
128 |
United States for Use of Crane Co. v. Progressive Enter- |
150 |
prises, Inc. (1976) |
|
United Steel Co. v. Casey (1920) |
54, 157 |
Universe Sentinel (1983) |
139 |
U.S. for Use of Premix Concrete, Inc. v. Santa Fe Engi- |
146 |
neers, Inc. (1981) |
|
Vance v. Wells (1845) |
190 |
Vanderbilt v. Schreyer (1883) |
130 |
Vetten v. Wallace (1891) |
186 |
Viser v. Bertrand (1853) |
190 |
Wachovia Bank and Trust Co. v. Rubish (1982) |
144 |
Wadsworth v. Thompson (1846) |
24, 35, 134, 141 |
Ward v. Byham (1956) |
153 |
Warren v. Hodge (1876) |
128, 130 |
Watkins & Son, Inc. v. Carrig (1941) |
135, 55–57, 58, 59, |
|
154, 157, 158, 159, |
|
160, 161, 162, 164, |
|
165 |
Watson v. Turner (1767) |
86, 177, 179 |
Weaver v. American Oil Co. (1971) |
166 |
Webb v. McGowin (1935) |
192 |
Wells v. Horton (1826) |
86, 87, 179, 180 |
210 |
Tables of Cases |
|
Wennall v. Adney (1802) |
|
3, 88–89, 89, 90, 91, |
|
|
92, 93, 94, 95, 97, |
|
|
98, 99, 100, 106, |
|
|
107, 108, 109, 111, |
|
|
113, 114, 117, 118, |
|
|
119, 121, 174, 175, |
|
|
176, 177, 178, 179, |
|
|
180, 181, 182, 184, |
|
|
185, 187, 188, 190, |
|
|
191, 192, 195, 197 |
Wentz v. Dehaven (1815) |
|
134, 184, 186, 198 |
Western Lithograph Co. v. Vanomar Producers (1929) |
154, 161 |
|
Weston v. Downes (1778) |
|
143, 180 |
Whitehall v. Wilson (1832) |
|
184 |
Wigand v. Bachmann-Bechtel Brewing Co. (1918) |
148, 149 |
|
Wigmore v. Keizer (1855) |
|
185 |
Wilkinson v. Byers (1834) |
|
135 |
Williams v. Roffey (1990) |
|
49, 50, 62, 140, 151, |
|
|
152, 153, 154, 155, |
|
|
161, 163, 165, 166 |
Wilson v. Burr (1841) |
|
102, 189, 190 |
Wing v. Mill (1817) |
|
86, 179 |
Winter-Wolff & Co. v. Co-Op Lead & Chem. Co. (1961) |
136, 164, 167 |
|
Wisconsin & Michigan Ry. v. Powers (1903) |
128 |
|
Wisconsin Sulphite Fibre Co. v. Jeffries Lumber Co. |
196 |
|
(1906) |
|
|
Wisconsin Sulphite Fibre Co. v. Jeffries Lumber Co. |
136 |
|
(1907) |
|
|
Worth v. Daniel (1907) |
|
186 |
Wyant v. Lesher (1854) |
|
186 |
Yates v. Hall (1785) |
|
131 |
Young’s Estate (1912) |
|
190 |