- •Contents
- •Table of Cases
- •List of Contributors
- •Introduction
- •1. Bottom-Up Theories
- •2. The Humean Approach
- •1. Introduction
- •2. The Moral Right to Labour Productively
- •2.1 The intellectual context for Lockean rights
- •2.2. Labour as a moral right
- •3. Property Acquisition in Labour Theory
- •3.1 Extending labour from the person to things
- •3.2 The social character of productive appropriation
- •3.3 Productive use as a limit on labour
- •3.4 The communicative function of productive labour
- •4. Control Rights in Labour Theory
- •5. Accession in Labour Theory
- •6. Lost Opportunities to Capture in Doctrine
- •7. Acquisition in Doctrine
- •7.1 The basic test for capture
- •7.2 Constructive capture
- •7.3 Multiple proprietary claims
- •8. Accession Policy and Ratione Soli Doctrine
- •9. On the Relation between Legal Property and Moral Rights to Labour
- •10. Conclusion
- •3: Property and Necessity
- •1. Some Conceptual Preliminaries
- •2. Winstanley’s Challenge
- •3. Grotius on Property and Necessity
- •4. Three Important Objections
- •5. Saving Property and Public Necessity
- •6. Is the Right of Necessity a Property Right?
- •4: Private Property and Public Welfare
- •1. The Fifth Amendment Paradox
- •2. Why Acquisition?
- •3.1 Physical possession
- •3.3 Exchange
- •4. Property in Civil Society
- •4.1 The origin of welfare entitlements
- •4.2 Civil society as a bifurcated entity
- •5. Property in the Political Community
- •5.1 Property in the totalitarian state
- •5.2 Property in the dialogical state
- •6. Conclusion
- •5: Average Reciprocity of Advantage
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Background
- •2.1 Judicial opinions
- •2.2 Academic commentators
- •3. Sources of Average Reciprocity of Advantage
- •4. The Limits of ‘In-Kind’ Compensation
- •4.1 General reciprocity
- •4.2 Probabilistic compensation
- •4.3 Basic structural problems
- •5. Reciprocity and Respect
- •5.1 Accepting the conclusion
- •5.2 Rejecting the premisses
- •5.3 Partial, ‘objective’ compensation
- •6. Conclusion
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Between Promise and Detachment
- •2.1 The moral principle
- •2.2 The value of LPA
- •3. Legal Enforcement
- •3.1. Encouraging pre-contractual Investment
- •3.2 Building up trust: the role of LPA
- •4. Proprietary Estoppel
- •4.1 Varieties of PE
- •a) Bargain
- •b) Gifts
- •4.2 The remedy
- •5. Conclusion
- •7: Possession and Use
- •1. Possession
- •2. The Priority of Exclusion
- •3. Bringing Actual Use Back In
- •4. Conclusion
- •8: Possession and the Distractions of Philosophy
- •1. Introduction: The Puzzle
- •3. Possession and Title
- •4. The Right of Possession and its Omnilateral Structure
- •5. Possession and the Incidents of Ownership
- •6. A Principled Practice of Property?
- •7. Conclusion
- •9: The Relativity of Title and Causa Possessionis
- •2. Privity, Estoppel, and Rights to Possess outside of Ownership
- •2.1 A public law problem?
- •2.2 Privity: the missing link between property and person
- •2.3 Let the chips fall where they may
- •3. Conclusion
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Setting the Limits of Property Rights
- •2.1 Where A has an undoubted property right
- •a) The ‘right to exclude’
- •b) The ‘right to use’
- •i. Chattels
- •ii. Land
- •c) Conclusion
- •2.2 Determining if B’s right counts as a property right
- •a) Physical things
- •b) Non-physical things
- •c) Equitable property rights
- •3. Conclusion
- •11: On the Very Idea of Transmissible Rights
- •1. Title and Succession
- •2. The Argument against Transfer or Transmissibility Stated: The Hohfeldian3 Individuation Argument
- •3. Why the Hohfeldian Individuation Argument is Wrong
- •4. Justifying Transmissible Rights
- •4.1 The power to authorize what would otherwise be a battery
- •4.2 The right to immediate, exclusive possession of property
- •4.3 The power to license and to give property away
- •4.4 The power to sell or transfer pursuant to an agreement
- •4.5 The liability to execution
- •5. A Last Word on Conventions and Social Contexts
- •12: Psychologies of Property (and Why Property is not a Hawk/Dove Game)
- •1. The Inside Perspective
- •1.1 Identity formation
- •1.2 Identity fashioning
- •1.3 Refuge
- •1.4 Empowerment
- •1.5. Generosity
- •1.6 Economic incentives
- •1.7 An admonitory postscript
- •2. The Outside Perspective
- •2.1. The picture from in rem
- •2.2 Hawks and Doves
- •2.3 The virtues of non-ownership
- •13: Property and Disagreement
- •1. Disagreements Substantive and Verbal
- •1.1 Verbal disagreements
- •1.2 Disagreement that is partly substantive and partly verbal
- •a) Clarifying the disagreement
- •b) The analysis of property
- •c) The metaphysics of property
- •d) What about W2 and W3?
- •3. A Minor Disagreement that is both Substantive and Conceptual
- •4. Penner Redux: A Major Disagreement that is both Substantive and Conceptual
- •4.1 Reservations: of Wittgenstein and Dworkin
- •4.2 Individuation and incomplete understanding
- •5. The Nature of Property
- •5.2 Smith and the architecture of property
- •6. Conclusion
- •Appendix
- •14: Emergent Property
- •1. Intensions and Conceptualism in Property Law
- •2. Formalism versus Contextualism
- •3. Functionalism
- •4. Holism and Emergence
- •5. An Application to in Rem Rights and Duties
- •6. Conclusion
- •References
- •Index
PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS
OF PROPERTY LAW
Philosophical Foundations
of Property Law
Edited by
JAMES PENNER and
HENRY E. SMITH
1
3
Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP,
United Kingdom
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Contents
Table of Cases |
vii |
|
List of Contributors |
xiii |
|
Introduction |
xv |
|
1. |
‘To Bestow Stability upon Possession’: Hume’s Alternative to Locke |
1 |
|
Jeremy Waldron |
|
2. |
Productive Use in Acquisition, Accession, and Labour Theory |
13 |
|
Eric R. Claeys |
|
3. |
Property and Necessity |
47 |
|
Dennis Klimchuk |
|
4. |
Private Property and Public Welfare |
68 |
|
Alan Brudner |
|
5. |
Average Reciprocity of Advantage |
99 |
|
Brian Angelo Lee |
|
6. |
Some Strings Attached: The Morality of Proprietary Estoppel |
128 |
|
Irit Samet |
|
7. |
Possession and Use |
156 |
|
Arthur Ripstein |
|
8. |
Possession and the Distractions of Philosophy |
182 |
|
Lisa M. Austin |
|
9. |
The Relativity of Title and Causa Possessionis |
202 |
|
Larissa Katz |
|
10. |
Defining Property Rights |
219 |
|
Simon Douglas and Ben McFarlane |
|
11. |
On the Very Idea of Transmissible Rights |
244 |
|
James Penner |
|
12. Psychologies of Property (and Why Property is not a |
|
|
|
Hawk/Dove Game) |
272 |
|
Carol M. Rose |
|
vi |
|
Contents |
13. |
Property and Disagreement |
289 |
|
Stephen R. Munzer |
|
14. |
Emergent Property |
320 |
|
Henry E. Smith |
|
References |
339 |
|
Index |
357 |
Table of Cases
Advanced Industrial Technology Corp. Ltd v Bond Street Jewellers Ltd (2006) EWCA
Civ 923. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Allen v Flood (1898) AC 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226–7, 230 Anchor Brewhouse Developments Ltd v Berkeley House (Docklands Developments)
Ltd (1987) 38 BLR 82, 284 EG 625. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Anderson v Gouldberg 51 Minn 294, 53 NW 636 (1892) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Anglian Water Services v Crawshaw Robbins & Co. Ltd (2001) BLR 173 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 Armory v Delamirie (1722) 1 Stra 505; 93 ER 644 (KB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206, 213 Armstrong v United States 364 US 40 (1960) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Ashburn Anstalt v Arnold (1989) Ch 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Asher v Whitlock (1865) LR 1 QB 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Aston Cantlow and Wilmcote with Billesley Parochial Church Council v Wallbank (2004)
1 AC 546 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 Attorney General of Hong Kong v Humphreys Estate (Queen’s Gardens) Ltd (1987)
AC 114 (PC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Austerberry v Oldham Corporation (1855) 29 Ch D 750 (CA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Automobile Ins. Co. of Hartford, Conn. v Kirby 144 So 123 (Ala Ct App 1932) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Bank of Credit and Commerce International (Overseas) Ltd v Akindele [2001]
Ch 437 (CA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Bank of New Zealand v Greenwood (1984) 1 NZLR 525 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 Barbados Trust Co. Ltd v Bank of Zambia (2007) EWCA Civ 148 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Barker v Stickney (1919) 1 KB 121 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Bartlett v Budd 2 F Cas 966 (D C Mass 1868) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Beale v Harvey (2003) EWCA Civ 1883 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Beverley’s Case (1603) 4 Co Rep 123b, 76 ER 1118 (KB). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 Birmingham Development Company Ltd v Tyler (2008) EWCA Civ 859. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230–1 Bixler v First National Bank of Oregon 619 P2d 895 (Or Ct App 1980). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 BMW Financial Services (GB) Ltd v Bhagwanani (2007) All ER (D) 26 (CA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Bradford v Pickles (1895) AC 587. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Brady v Steamship African Queen 179 F Supp 321 (E D Va 1960). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Brewer Street Investments Ltd v Barclays (1954) 1 QB 428 (CA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Bridges v Hawkesworth (1851) 21 LJQB 75 (QB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Brown v Gobble 196 W Va 559, 474 S.E.2d 489 (1996). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 Bryant v Lefever (1879) 4 CPD 172 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 Buckinghamshire County Council v Moran (1989) 3 WLR 152, 2 ALL ER 225 (CA) . . . . . . . . . . 80 Buckley v Gross (1863) 122 ER 213 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210, 218 Burrows v Sharp (1991) 23 HLR 82 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Cambridge Water Co. Ltd v Eastern Counties Leather Plc (1994) 2 AC 264, (1994)
1 All ER 53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Campbell v Griffin (2001) EWCA Civ 990, All ER (D) 294. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Campbell v Race 61 Mass 408, 54 Am Dec 728 (1851) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Canada Colors & Chemicals Ltd v Shea Brothers (1945) OWN 828 (Ont HCJ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Canada Trust Co. v Ontario Human Rights Commission (1990) 69 DLR 4d 321. . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Chicago, B & Q. R. Co. v Chicago 166 US 226 (1897) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Claridge v South Staffordshire Tramway Co. (1892) 1 QB 422 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 Clark v Maloney 3 Harr 68; 1840 WL 353 (Del 1840). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Clarke v Adie (1876) 2 App Cas 423 (HL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
viii |
Table of Cases |
Club Cruise Entertainment & Travelling Services Europe BV v Department for
Transport (2008) EWHC 2794 (Comm). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222, 229 Cobbe v Yeoman’s Row Management Ltd (2008) 1 WLR 1752 (HL) . . . . . . . . . . . 128, 136, 142–5, 148, 153–4 Cochrane v Rymill (1879) 40 LT 744. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Cole v North Western Bank (1875) LR 10 CP 354 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Commonwealth v Plymouth Coal Co. 232 Pa 141, 81 A. 148 (1911) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Commonwealth of Australia v Verwayen (1990) 170 CLR 394 (HC Aus). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Coniston Corporation v Village of Hoffman Estates 844 F2d 461 (7th Cir 1988). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Consolidated Co. v Curtis (1892) 1 QB 495. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Cook v Thomas and another (2010) EWCA Civ 227. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Copeland v Greenhalf (1952) Ch 488. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Costello v Chief Constable of Derbyshire (2001) 1 WLR 1437 (CA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Crabb v Arun District Council (1975) EWCA Civ 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153–4 Crossco No. 4 Unlimited and others v Jolan Ltd and others (2011) EWCA Civ 1619 (CA) . . . . 144 Cumming v Cumming 3 Kelly 460; 1847 WL 1361 (Ga 1847). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 D Pride & Partners v Institute for Animal Health (2009) EWHC 1617 (QB) . . . . . . . 222, 229, 231 Davis v Whitridge 33 SCL 232, 1848 WL 2429 (SC Ct App L 1848) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 Deaderick v Oulds 86 Tenn 14; 5 SW 487 (1887). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 De Beers Abrasive Products Ltd v International General Electric of New York Ltd (1975)
2 ALL ER 599. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Decker v Browning-Ferris Industries of Colorado Inc. 931 P2d 436 (Colo 1997) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 Dillwyn v Llewelyn (1862) EWHC Ch J67, 4 De G F & J 517. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 DKLR Holding Co. (No. 2) Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Stamp Duties (1982) 149
CLR 431. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Doe v Birchmore (1839) 9 Ad & El 662 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 Doe d Bullen v Mills (1834) 2 Ad & El 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 Doe d Carter v Barnard (1849) 13 QB 945. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Don King Productions Inc. v Warren (2000) Ch 291 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Douglas Valley Finance Co. Ltd v S Hughes (Hirers) Ltd (1969) 1 QB 738. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217, 228 Dwyer v Staunton (1947) 4 DLR 393 (Alberta Dist Ct) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63–4, 66 Eads v Brazelton 22 Ark 499 (1861) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Earl of Worcester v Finch (1600) 4 Co Inst 85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Ellis v Loftus (1874) LR 10 CP 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 England v Cowley (1873) LR 8 Ex 126 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Euclid v Ambler 272 U.S. 365 (1926) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114–15 Everman v Hyman 29 NE 1140 (Ind App 1892) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Farah Constructions Pty Ltd v Say-Dee Pty Ltd (2007) HCA 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Field v Sullivan (1923) VLR 70. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Fisher v Brooker (2009) UKHL 41. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Fisher v Steward 1 Smith 60 (NH 1804) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 40–4 Fontainebleau Hotel Corp. v Forty-Five-Twenty-Five Inc. 114 So 2d 357
(Fla Dist Ct App 1959) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Fouldes v Willoughby (1841) 8 M & W 540, 151 ER 1153 (Exch) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207, 210 Fowler v Hollins (1872) LR 7 QB 616. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 Freeman v Cooke (1848) 154 ER 652 (Exch) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 French v Pearce 8 Conn 439 (1831) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Gale v Lindo (1687) 1 Vern 475. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Ghen v Rich 8 F 159 (D C Mass 1881) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37, 39 Giumelli v Giumelli (1999) 196 CLR 101 (HC Aus). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Goddard v Winchell 52 NW 1124 (Iowa 1892) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Goldman v Hargrave (1967) 1 AC 645. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Gonthier v Orange Contract Scaffolding Ltd (2003) EWCA Civ 873. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Table of Cases |
ix |
Greasley v Cooke (1980) 1 WLR 1306 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Gregory v Piper (1829) 9 B & C 951 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Hairston v Danville and Western Ry. Co. 208 US 598 (1908) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Hall v Hebert (1993) 2 SCR 159 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 Hannah v Peel (1945) KB 509. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 Haq v Island Homes Housing Association and another (2011) EWCA Civ 805 (CA) . . . . . 143, 145 Haslem v Lockwood 37 Conn 500 (1871). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13–15, 19, 24, 28, 30–1, 34, 36, 38, 43 Henry and Mitchell v Henry (2010) UKPC 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Hibbert v McKierman (1948) 2 KB 142 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Hill v Tupper (1863) 2 H & C 121 (Exch Ch) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221, 234–5 Hodel v Irving 481 US 704 (1987) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 Hoffman v Red Owl Stores Inc. 26 Wis 2d 683, 133 NW 2d 267 (1965) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Hollins v Fowler (1872) LR 7 QB 616 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Horn v Cole 51 N.H. 287, 1868 WL 2290 (1868) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Hunter v Canary Wharf (1997) AC 655, 2 All ER 426 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231–2 Hurst v Picture Theatres Ltd (1915) 1 KB 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 Illinois Steel Co. v Budzisz 106 Wis. 499, 81 N. W. 1027, 82 N. W. 534 (1900) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 Illinois Steel Co. v Paczocha 139 Wis 23, 119 NW 550 (1909) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 Jackman v Rosenbaum Co. 260 US 22 (1922) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102, 106 Jacque v Steenberg Homes Inc. 209 Wis 2d 605, 563 NW 2d 154 (1997) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180, 285 Jennings v Rice (2002) EWCA Civ 159. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149, 153 Jonathan Yearworth & Ors v North Bristol NHS Trust (2009) EWCA Civ 37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233–4 Jorden v Money (1854) 5 HLC 185 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Keeble v Hickeringill (1707) 11 East 574, 103 ER 1127 (QB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32–4, 43, 230 Keewalk Proceedings Ltd v Waller (2002) EWCA Civ 1076 (CA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Kelo v City of New London 545 US 469 (2005). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Kepley v Scully 57 NE 187 (Ill. 1900) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass’n v DeBenedictis 480 US 470 (1987). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 King v David Allen & Sons Billposting Ltd (1916) 2 AC 54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 King’s Prerogative in Saltpetre (1606) 12 Co Rep 12, 77 ER 1294 (KB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63–4, 66 Kynoch v Rowlands (1912) 1 Ch 527. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Lampet’s Case (1613) 10 Co Rep 46b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Lampton’s Executors v Preston’s Executors 1 J J Marsh (24 Ky) 454, 1829 WL 1248,
19 Am Dec 104 (Ky 1829). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28, 41 Laverty v Snethen 68 NY 522 (1877) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 Lawrence v Obee (1815) 1 Stark 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Laws v Florinplace (1981) 1 All ER 659 (Ch) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 Leigh & Sillavan Ltd v Aliakmon Shipping Co. Ltd (1986) AC 785 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 L’Hote v New Orleans 177 US 587 (1900). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106, 116 Lord Compton’s Case (1580) 4 Leon 196 (CB). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Loretto v Teleprompter Manhattan CATV Corp. 458 US 419 (1982) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 MacKenzie v Blindman Valley Co-operative Association (1947) 2 DLR 687, 2 WWR 443 . . . . . 210 Malik v Kaylan (2010) EWCA Civ 113 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Manitoba Fisheries Ltd v The Queen (1979) 1 SCR 101, 88 DLR (3d) 462 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Mapel v John 42 W Va 30, 24 SE 608 (1896). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Marzocca v Ferone 461 A2d 1133 (NJ 1983). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 MCC Proceeds Inc. v Lehman Bros. (1998) 4 All ER 675 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Meering v Graham White Aviation Company ltd (1918–19) All ER Ext 1490. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 Merry v Green (1841) 7 M & W 623. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Miller v Jackson (1977) EWCA Civ 6, 3 ALL ER 338. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Mogul Steamship Co. Ltd v McGregor, Gow & Co. (1892) AC 25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Moorgate Mercantile v Finch (1962) 1 QB 701, 3 WLR 110 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Morey v Fitzgerald 56 Vt 487, 48 Am Rep 811 (1884). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
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Mouse’s Case (1608) 12 Co Rep 63, 77 ER 1341 (KB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63–6 National Provincial Bank v Ainsworth (1965) AC 1175 (HL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Nebraska v Iowa 143 US 359 (1892) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 OBG v Allan (2008) 1 AC 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237–9 OBG Ltd and others v United Kingdom (2011) ECHR 2087 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238–9 Ottey v Grundy (2003) EWCA Civ 1176 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149, 151 Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock and Engineering Co Ltd
(The Wagon Mound No 1) [1961] UKPC 1, [1961] AC 388 (PC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224–5 Parker v British Airways (1982) 1 QB 1004 (CA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190, 202, 206 Parker v Parker (2003) EWHC 1846 (Ch) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143, 148 Pegasus Leasing ltd v Confini (Unreported, 13 November 1991) (Austral.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Penn Central Transp. Co. v New York City 438 US 104 (1978) . . . . . . . . . .73, 103–4, 114–15, 117 Pennsylvania Coal Co. v Mahon 260 US 393 (1922). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72–3, 102–3, 107–8, 110 Perre v Apand Pty Ltd (1999) HCA 36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229, 231 Pierson v Post 3 Cai R 175 (NY 1805). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15, 34, 37–8, 43, 78, 183, 190 Ploof v Putnam 81 Vt 471 (1908); 83 Vt 494 (1910) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35, 48 Plymouth Coal Co. v Pennsylvania 232 US 531 (1914) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102–4, 107–12, 114 Powell v McFarlane (1979) 38 P & CR 452 (HC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Pridean Ltd v Forest Taverns Ltd (1996) EWCA Civ 1060, 75 P & CR 447 (CA) . . . . . . . . . .145–6 R v East Sussex County Council ex parte Reprotech (Pebsham) Ltd (2003) 1 WLR 348 . . . . . . . 128 R v Harding (1807) 1 Russ & Ry 125 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 R v Riley (1853) 169 ER 674 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207, 210 R v Thurborn (1849) 175 ER 349. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206–7 R v Watts (1953) 1 SCR 505. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 Ramsden v Dyson (1886) LR 1 HL 129. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Rapier v London Tramways Co. (1893) 2 Ch 588 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Re Ellenborough Park (1956) Ch 131. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Re Montagu’s Settlement Trusts (1987) Ch 264 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Re St Clair Beach Estates Ltd and MacDonald (1974) 50 DLR 3d 650 (Ont HCJ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Redland Bricks v Morris (1970) AC 652 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 Rhone v Stephens (1994) UKHL 3, 2 AC 310 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Riggs v Palmer 22 NE 188 (NY 1889) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199–200 Rly v McNicholl (1918) 88 LJKB 601 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Rooth v Wilson (1817) 1 B & Aid 59. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 Rylands v Fletcher (1868) 19 LT 220 (HL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Sanborn v McLean 233 Mich 227, 206 NW 496 (1925) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Scribner v Beach 4 Denio 448, 47 Am Dec 265 (NY Sup Ct 1847) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 Shelfer v City of London Electric Lighting Co. (1895) 1 Ch 287 (CA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Shell UK Ltd v Total UK Ltd (2010) EWCA Civ 180 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Sledmore v Dalby (1996) EWCA Civ 1305, 72 P & CR 196 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149, 153 South Staffordshire Water Co. v Sharman (1896) 2 QB 44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 Sovern v Yoran 16 Or. 269, 20 P. 100 (1888) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 Spartan Steel & Alloys Ltd v Martin & Co. Ltd (1973) 1 QB 27. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228, 238 Star Energy Weald Basin Ltd and another v Bocardo SA (2010) UKSC 35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 State v DeCoster 653 A2d 891 (Me 1995). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 State v Schmid 423 A2d 615 (NJ 1980). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 State v Shack 277 A2d 369 (NJ 1971) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331–2 Sturges v Bridgman (1879) 11 Ch D 852 (CA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177–8 Taber v Jenny 23 F Cas 605 (D C Mass 1856) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Taddy & Co. v Sterious & Co. (1904) 1 Ch 354 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Tapling v Jones (1865) 11 HLC 290. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227, 231 Thompson-Schwab v Costaki (1956) 1 WLR 335 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231–2 Thorner v Major (2009) 1 WLR 776 (HL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128, 142–4, 146–7
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Treasure Salvors Inc. v Unidentified Wrecked & Abandoned Sailing Vessel 640 F2d 560
(5th Cir. 1981). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Tulk v Moxhay (1848) 2 Ph 774, 41 ER 1143 (Ch) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197, 236 United States v Craft 535 US 274 (2002) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 United States v General Motors Corp. 323 US 373 (1945) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 Uston v Resorts International Hotel Inc. 445 A2d 370 (NJ 1982). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 Van Laethem v Brooker & Caradoc Estates Ltd (2005) EWHC 1478 (Ch) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Vanhorne’s Lessee v Dorrance 2 US (2 Dall) 304 (1795) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Vincent v Lake Erie Transportation Co. 109 Minn 456, 124 NW 221 (1910) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35, 48 Vine v Waltham Forest Council (2000) EWCA Civ 106, [2000] 1 WLR 2383 (CA). . . . . . . . . . . 224 Walter v Selfe (1851) 4 De G & Sm 315, 64 ER 849 (Ch) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Western Counties Manure Co v The Lawes Chemical Manure Co (1874) LR 9 Ex 218. . . . . . . . 229 Wetherbee v Green 22 Mich 311 (1871). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Wilson v New Brighton Panelbeaters Ltd (1989) 1 NZLR 74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Winkfield, The (1902) P 42, (1902–3) All ER 356. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206, 218 Wood v Leadbitter (1845) 13 M & W 838, 153 ER 351 (Exch) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 Woodhouse v Jenkins (1832) 9 Bing 441. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
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