4615

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7.According to Wright, the conventional manner of … paintings in one gloomy room prevents visitors from enjoying them.

8.Wright … that visitors’ attention … by museum fatigue and by the condition of their weary feet.

8.Translate the following sentences into English.

1.В этом музее собрана коллекция картин выдающихся современных художников.

2.Вопреки заявлениям многих авторитетных художников, его картины были хорошо приняты публикой. Было очевидно, что он состоялся как художник-новатор.

3.Его картины отражали независимость его ума и индивидуальность, что характеризовало его как настоящего первопроходца, открывающего новые направления в искусстве.

4.Он полагал, что городская среда и потеря связей с природой были основной причиной людских страданий.

5.Жить в гармонии с окружающей средой, искать естественные формы городских зданий, наиболее соответствующих человеческим потребностям, были основными задачами Райта как художника и архитектора.

6.Упрямство, гениальность, честолюбие, независимость - вот те черты характера, которые способствовали созданию ярких, высоко индивидуальных творений художника.

7.В течение некоторого времени он обдумывал предложение, а затем согласился взять на себя ответственность за проектирование и создание новой художественной галереи.

8.Обычные музеи со своей традиционной манерой демонстрации художественных полотен вызывают у посетителей усталость. Вместо того чтобы заставлять посетителей любоваться картинами, они отвлекают их внимание от картин к усталым ногам, нуждающихся в отдыхе.

9.Райт утверждал, что форма его музея, а именно естественная форма раковины, будет противодействовать усталости.

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9.True or false? Speak on the following statements.

1.Guggenheim museum doesn’t strike the eye as something new and unusual nowadays any more.

2.Wright was highly proud of his works and himself.

3.Guggenheim museum was the brightest example of Wright’s individualism.

4.To Wright, the practical function of his work was far more important than its artistic integrity.

5.Wright’s creation, Guggenheim museum, is one of the most original buildings in the world and one of the most successful picture galleries.

6.One of the reasons of stunning originality of the museum was Wright’s rejection and dislike of conventional square and rectangular forms of city buildings.

7.While constructing the museum Wright claimed that he was just playing a game with forms.

8.Guggenheim museum is a very convenient place for viewing paintings.

10.Answer the following questions.

1.Look through the first three paragraphs and find out the most essential qualities of Wright’s character, mentioned there.

What influenced the formation of Wright’s character, his perception of life, art and architecture?

2.Wright’s creation (Guggenheim museum) is one of the most original buildings in the world. Then why is the word “ironically” used by the author when he speaks about commissioning Wright to design the museum?

3.What did Wright think about conventional forms of city buildings? Was he merely playing a game with forms while designing a new museum? What form was the best for a picture gallery according to Wright’s belief? Why?

4.Why does Guggenheim museum still strike the eye of New York’s visitors and continue to be the most basic tour of the city? What did Wright mean saying:

“They’ll spend years trying to work it out.” What did he mean under “it”?

5.What museums do you have in your city? How often do you visit them? Do you like visiting museums? Why or why not?

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Part 3: We Can’t Just Sit Back and Hope

Words to remember

diversity (n) – the condition of being different or having differences; variety feature (n) – a film being shown at a cinema

to recall (v) – to bring back to the mind; remember to stand out – to be very noticeable

to fascinate (v) – to attract and hold the interest or attention of someone to gaze (v) – to look steadily

obsession (about, with) (n) – a fixed and often unreasonable idea with which the mind is continually concerned

gift (for) – a natural ability to do something; talent

to compel (v) – to make a person do something by force, moral persuasion, or orders to stand out (v) – to be very noticeable; to be much better or the best

hurtful (adj) – causing emotional pain

to trash (v) – to criticize someone or something in a very strong way delight (n) – a great pleasure and satisfaction; joy

to discover (v) – to find out (a fact, the answer to a question or problem, etc)

epic (n) – a long poem telling the story of the deeds of great men and women, or the early history of a nation

to recur (v) – (esp. of something unpleasant or unwelcome) to happen or appear again, more than once; return

to uproot (v) – to remove from one’s home, habitual surroundings, etc to render (v) – to cause to be

complete (adj) – having all necessary, usual, or wanted parts; lacking nothing longing for (n) – a feeling of wanting something or someone very much; strong wish to slip (away) (v) – to move secretly or unnoticed

to neglect (v) – to give too little attention or care to

to hitch (v) – to get a ride in someone else’s car as a way of traveling; hitchhike to sign (up\for) (v) – to write one’s name on a contract to be employed fuddy-duddy (n) – a person who doesn’t understand or approve of modern ideas to censor (v) – to examine (books , films, letters) to control public moral

ill (adv) – badly; not well; not enough; hardly

doting (adj.) – showing that you love someone very much

protective (adj) – wanting to protect someone from criticism, hurt, danger

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to sit back – to wait for something to happen without making any effort to do anything yourself

to sit by – to fail to take action to stop something wrong from happening ill-prepared (adj) – without the equipment or skills you need to do smth

EXERCISES

1. Give English equivalents of the words and word partnerships used in the text.

Художественные фильмы; зрительный образ; быть очарованным; смотреть (наблюдать); смотреть (вглядываться); дар рассказчика; неторопливый читатель; одержимость; выделяться среди других; взять (позаимствовать) кинокамеру у; мальчишеский восторг; заставить кого-то реагировать на; найти своё место в семье; обнаружить; болезненный результат; повторяющаяся тема; дети, лишившиеся семьи из-за развода; стремиться к чему-то (страстно желать чегото); пренебрегать учёбой; путешествовать на попутной машине; привлечь внимание; получить приз; руководитель телевизионной постановки; подписать контракт на 7 лет; старомодные ценности; старомодный человек; повзрослеть; быть плохо подготовленным к; подвергать цензуре; быть ответственным за; чёткая грань между; насилие; оказывать влияние на; высказать своё мнение; обустроить (обновить) мир.

2. Choose the best definitions for the following expressions.

c)to have little time to do something

3.Match the verbs on the left with the verbs used in the text on the right.

19)take something from another person

20)fail to understand

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4. Make new words by adding suffixes or prefixes to the italicized words. Translate into Russian.

ion /ed / ing

1.Anything to do with old myths and legends fascinates me.

2.It was a … old city full of ancient buildings and I found myself instantly … by it.

3.Chinese art has a great … for me.

al (of a person) / ive (of a thing) / ion

1.He has an unhealthy obsession with death.

2.He can be called an … person.

3.His … frightens me, especially his … hatred of women.

in / ly / ed / ion

1.John’s birthday didn’t seem complete without his father there.

2.In spite of all presents given to him, his joy was … .

3.When will work be … on the new road?

4.I … forgot about your invitation.

5.We were paid on … of the work

ship / ious

It’s a mistake to censor from children the news.

Parts of this film have been banned by the … .

People who are severely critical, always looking for mistakes and faults are called… 4. He’s always looking for mistakes and faults; he’s so … .

ly / ful / less

1.The situation looks bad, but don’t give up hope.

2.Though there is little chance for success, I … against … .

3.I am … of success.

4.The little boy looked at her … as she handed out the sweets.

5.Our position is …; we ‘ll never get out alive.

sive / se / ity / ir / ible / ent

1.He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.

2.A person who has to answer a charge in a law court, esp. in divorce case is a …

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3.There have been several … to our advertisement.

4.He was not very …, so I asked her instead.

5.She holds a very … position in the firm.

6.You can’t leave the children with him – he’s very … .

7.Now that you are 16 you should have more sense and … .

5.Find words and expressions in the text that mean the following.

1.to be attracted by something extremely interesting and charming (lines 5-10)

2.the state of being preoccupied with something for a long time, sometimes without any sound reason (lines 5-10)

3.to be noticed; to be much better or the best (lines 15-20)

4.a particular place or rank in a family, organization, or competition (lines 15-20)

5.joy, enjoyment, great satisfaction (lines 25-30)

6.a story full of brave actions and excitement (lines 25-30)

7.to remove children from their home, from their habitual surroundings (line 35)

8.to want something very much (line 35)

9.to move secretly and unnoticed ( line 35)

10.to be about 16-19 years old (line 40)

11.to get a prize or money as a result of an official decision (line 45)

12.values not considered modern any more (line 50)

13.a person who doesn’t understand and approve of modern ideas (line 55)

14.to examine (books, films, letters) severely in order to remove mistakes or control public morals (line 55)

15.to reach the age of 18-21 to become responsible in law for his/her actions (line 55)

16.the subject matter, esp. the ideas of a book, film, or speech (lines 60)

17.clear distinction between (line 60)

18.not to do any proper or necessary actions but just watch how things are going (line 65)

19.to express something in words, rather forcefully (line 65)

6.Fill in the blanks with suitable words in a proper form from the list below. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1.He’s always wanted to find his natural mother but recently it’s become an _______.

2.The order__________ him to appear as a witness.

3.Her bright clothes always make her _________ in a crowd.

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4.Everyone loves to _________ politicians.

5.Joe’s _________ in his children’s achievements was beautiful to us.

6.That was a very _________ remark.

7.We must make sure that the problem does not _________.

8.He was ___________ for the demands of being a father.

9.He’s very __________ towards his sister.

10.You can’t just ____________ and wait for job offers to come to you.

11.He has a __________ for languages.

12.He’s stubborn and conservative; in fact he’s a real old __________.

13.We saw photographs of the __________ father with baby on his knee.

14.I ___________ my objections to the plan to management.

15.They think I’m an old __________ because I don’t approve of tattoos.

16.A sudden movement ___________ .

17.The little boy looked with _____________ at the toys in the shop window.

To compel, to stand out, hurtful, delight, obsession, to trash, longing, to catch one’s eye, to recur, doting, ill-prepared, gift, stick-in-the-mud, to voice, protective, to sit back, fuddy-duddy.

7.Translate into English.

1.С раннего возраста Спилберга тянуло к созданию фильмов, а не к написанию книг. Чтению он предпочитал наблюдение.

2.Он вспоминает, как его восхищали книги-комиксы и телевизионные фильмы, благодаря которым, он впервые познакомился с яркими зрительными образами.

3.Его одержимость зрительными образами привела к удивительному дару рассказчика.

4.Желание выделиться, найти своё место в семье и обществе в сочетании с любовью к рассказыванию историй и производству фильмов заставило Спилберга поступить в школу кинематографии.

5.Его первый же фильм о молодых людях, путешествующих автостопом через пустыню к океану, был признан зрителями и получил награду на кино фестивале в Венеции.

6.Фильмы Спилберга пользуются популярностью и успехом, так как они учат людей любви, доброте и состраданию (compassion).

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7.Сам Спилберг называет себя старомодным человеком с устаревшими ценностями. Но, на самом деле, эти ценности непреходящие (nontransient), они – вечны (eternal).

8.В отличие от своих родителей, которые ограничивали его доступ к просмотру фильмов, Спилберг позволял своим детям смотреть телевизионные фильмы и новости, не подвергая их цензуре.

9.Он не хотел, чтобы его дети, став совершеннолетними, вдруг поняли, что они не могут принять мир таким, какой он есть.

10.Спилберг считает, что художники, актёры, люди искусства должны обладать хорошим вкусом и нести моральную ответственность за свои произведения, поскольку их произведения оказывают огромное влияние на умы, прежде всего, подрастающего поколения.

11.Позиция Спилберга в жизни и искусстве всегда была активной. Он полагает, что люди не должны быть сторонними наблюдателями и надеяться, что такое зло, как наркотики и преступления, исчезнут сами собой. Громко высказывать своё мнение, работать, чтобы усовершенствовать мир – такова его задача в искусстве.

8.Use the context and explain the ideas involved in the following sentences.

1.Out of Spielberg’s obsession with the visual came a gift for storytelling.

2.The impact of his parents’ divorce would become a recurring theme in his movies.

3.The Extraterrestrial was born of his longing for an older brother and a father who slipped away.

4.“I’m a real stick-in-the-mud fuddy-duddy.”

5.I do think it’s a mistake to censor from my children the news. I don’t want them to realize that there was the whole world out there they missed

6.There’s a fine line between censorship and good taste and moral responsibility.

7.We have a duty to voice our opinion and to work to fix the world.

9.Talk it over.

1.In your opinion is the position of a child in the family (as oldest, youngest) important for the child’s character? Explain.

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2.Did luck play a role in Spielberg’s becoming a director?

3.What are “old-fashioned values”? Are they necessary for good films?

4.Do you think there should be more censorship of films to eliminate a lot of the sex and violence? Why or why not?

5.What movie do you consider a creative work of art? Why?

10.Make up the dialogues as instructed.

1.You have a wife who wants to achieve publicity. You don’t like it and consider that she becomes the less desirable as a wife. Find a compromise.

2.Your mum likes old-fashioned films and you like modern films. Give advantages and disadvantages of these films.

11.Explain how you understand the following quotations.

1.Creativity is inventing, experimenting, growing, taking risks, breaking rules, making mistakes and having fun.

2.There are no problems – only opportunities to be creative.

3.To live a creative life, we must lose fear being wrong.

CHAPTER 9

HUMAN BEHAVIOR

Part 1: Ethnocentrism

Words to remember

to relate to (v) – to concern; to be about or directed towards; to refer; to have a connection with

to occur (v) – to take place; happen

to center on / upon / round (v) – focus on; concentrate on to be aware of – to have knowledge or understanding

belief (n) – an idea, belief, view or feeling that something is true or that smth really exists