stole upstairs. 5. Receiving no reply by the end of the month we shall consider the order cancelled. 6. Taking a book from the shelf, he sat down under the floor-lamp to read it. 7.We shall go by train as far as Odessa, then take a boat to Batumi, finally returning by plane. 8. In the evening they caught some fish, eating part of it and saving the rest for breakfast.

Exercise 6. Translate into Russian .

1. Saying that he left the room. 2. Knowing nothing of the dangers we continued our way. 3. While discharged the goods the workers came upon a numbers of Bags damaged by sea - water. 4. The contract contains a clause providing that all disputes from time to time arising under it , should be referred to arbitration. 5. We watched the fire burning in the fire-place. 6. When looking out of the window I saw that it started to rain. 7. I saw a blooming flower near the house standing opposite the University. 8. When asking him this question I didn’t expect such a strange answer. 9. Being good in physics he could cope with all the tasks. 10. The woman singing this song is my sister. 11. He stood by the window reading a letter. 12. Being very tired he couldn’t hear anything. 13.

We spoke about the play being in fashion. 14. Not seeing the letters, he couldn’t read anything.

II.PERFECT PARTICIPLE ACTIVE

Perfect Participle Active is used in the function of an adverbial modifier and denotes an action prior to that of the predicative.

1.Perfect Participle Active is used in participial constructions to express the adverbial modifier of reason.

e.g. Having lived in Moscow for many years (= As he had lived) he knew that city very well.

2.Perfect Participle Active is used as an adverbial modifier of time.

e.g. Having collected all the material (= After he had collected all the material), he was able to write a full report on the work of the commission.

III.PERFECT PARTICIPLE PASSIVE

Perfect participle Passive is used as an adverbial modifier of reason and time and expresses an action prior to that of the Predicative.

e.g. Having been sent to the wrong address (= As the letter had been sent to the wrong address) the letter didn’t reach him.

Perfect Participle Passive is often changed into Present Participle Passive and Past Participle:

-Having been sent = Being sent = Sent

Exercise 1. Change the dependent clauses by the participial constructions.

1. As they had read the article they started to translate it. 2. After he had washed

all the dishes he started to bake a pie. 3. As I had repeated the poem 4 times I decided to go for a walk. 4. As my brother had painted the fence he started to paint the floor. 5. After I had watched the film I advised my friends to see it. 6. After I had received a letter I decided to call him up. 7. As they had completed the application form they sent it to the office. 8. As we had reviewed the material we were ready to do the exercises. 9. After my mother had graduated from the college she entered the University. 10. As I had sent you a post-card I decided to phone my mother.

Exercise 2. Translate the following.

1. Прожив в Петербурге 5 лет, она решила переехать в Москву. 2. Выполнив задание по переводу, я смогла посмотреть мой любимый фильм. 3. Купив подарок, он мог смело идти на вечеринку. 4. Так как Майкл собрал достаточно книг, он мог написать доклад. 5. Так как мы выполнили всю работу по дому, у нас было много свободного времени. 6. Заполнив все необходимые документы, Джeк ждал приглашения на собеседование. 7. Отобрав нужные картины, Ирина решила открыть выставку. 8. Сделав выбор, она была готова действовать. 9. Уложив все вещи, мы поехали на вокзал. 10. Почистив ботинки, он обулся и вышел из дома.

Exercise 3. Substitute Participle I for a finite verb where possible making all other necessary changes.

1. When he arrived at the gallery, he paid his entrance fee, picked up a catalogue and entered. 2. As they were promised assistance they felt more assured. 3. We shall drop you a line as soon as we have settled at the new place. 4. After he was shown in he was asked to wait a while. 5. The parks and gardens that are being laid out in the city will very soon form a green belt all around it. 6. They started the construction of the gallery early in spring and completed it before cold weather set in. 7. He lit a cigarette, leaned against the porch rail and looked at the trees and the rain that was pouring down steadily and monotonously. 8. It has been planned to dig out a new canal here which will supply the whole area with water for irrigation. 9. When she was going down the steps she suddenly stopped as she remembered that she left the gas burning. 10. He stood at the counter and hesitated, he did not know what to choose.

Exercise 4. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the correct form of Participle I.

1. (to reject) by the editorial board, the story was returned to the author for revision. 2. (to reject) by publishers several times, the story was accepted by a weekly magazine. 3. (to wait) for some time in the reception room, he was asked into the office. 4. (to wait) in the reception room, he thought over what he would say when he was asked into the office. 5. They reached the peak at dusk, (to leave) their camp with first light. 6. They put up for the night at a temporary