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.pdfТАБЛИЦА ВРЕМЁН ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНОГО ЗАЛОГА
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PRESENT |
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PAST |
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FUTURE |
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I study Economy. |
I studied |
Economy 3 years |
He will study Economy in |
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He studies Economy. |
ago. |
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future. |
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I |
don’t |
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study |
I didn’t study |
Economy |
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He will not study Economy |
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Economy. |
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years ago. |
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in future. |
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SIMPLE |
writeto |
translateto |
He |
doesn’t |
study |
Did I study Economy 3 years |
When will he study |
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Economy. |
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ago? |
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Economy? |
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Do I study economy at |
Who studied |
Economy |
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Who will study Economy? |
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the University? |
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years ago? |
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Does |
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study |
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Economy |
at |
the |
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University? |
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Who studies Economy |
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at the University? |
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We |
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having |
We |
were |
having |
English |
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having |
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English lesson now. |
lesson this time yesterday. |
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English |
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We |
are not |
(aren’t) |
We |
were |
not |
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lesson |
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time |
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CONTITUOUS |
writingbeto |
translatingbeto |
having English |
lesson |
having |
English |
lesson this |
tomorrow. |
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now. |
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time yesterday. |
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Are |
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having |
Were |
we |
having |
English |
(won’t) |
be |
having |
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English lesson now? |
lesson this time yesterday? |
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English |
lesson |
this |
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Who |
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having |
Who |
was |
having |
English |
time tomorrow. |
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English lesson now? |
lesson this time yesterday? |
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Will |
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having |
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English |
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time tomorrow? |
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English lesson now? |
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PERFECT |
writtenhaveto |
translatedhaveto |
I’ve just translated |
I had translated |
the article |
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the article. |
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when you came. |
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употребляется |
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Have you t translated |
He said he had already |
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сравнительно редко |
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the article? |
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translated |
the article. |
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I have not translated |
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the article yet. |
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21
ТАБЛИЦА ВРЕМЁН СТРАДАТЕЛЬНОГО ЗАЛОГА
Образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола “to be” в соответствующем времени и смыслового глагола в форме Participle II.
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PRESENT |
PAST |
FUTURE |
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Many new houses are |
Many new houses were |
Many new houses will be |
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usually built in our |
built in our city last |
built in our city next year. |
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to be translated |
city. |
year. |
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SIMPLE |
to be written |
Are many new houses |
Were many new houses |
Were many new houses |
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usually built in our |
built in our city last |
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be built in our city next |
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city? |
year? |
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year? |
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Maтy new houses are |
Many new houses were |
New houses will not be |
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not built in our city. |
not built in our city last |
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built in our city next year. |
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year. |
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A new school is being |
A new school was |
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to be being written |
to be being translated |
built in our city. |
being built in our city. |
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CONTITUOUS |
Is a new school being |
Was a new school being |
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built in our city? |
built in our city? |
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A new school is not |
A new school is not |
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being built in our city. |
being built in our city. |
не употребляется |
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PERFECT |
to have been written |
have been translated |
A new shop has been |
A new shop had been |
A new shop will have |
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built in our city. |
built when I came . |
been built by the next |
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Has a new shop been |
Had a new shop been |
year. |
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built in our city? |
buil when I came . |
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A new shop had not |
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A new shop has not |
been built t when I |
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came? |
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been built in our city. |
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to |
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Глагол в страдательном залоге обозначает действие, направленное на лицо (предмет), которое обозначается существительным (или другой частью речи), являющимся в предложении подлежащим. Исполнитель же действия либо не указывается совсем, либо обозначается другим существительным с предлогом “by” , стоящим после сказуемого.
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ПРИЧАСТИЕ
Сочетает в себе свойства глагола, прилагательного и наречия.
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Образование причастий |
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Причастие настоящего времени |
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Present participle, или Participle I |
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Основа глагола + -ing |
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play |
playing – играющий, играя |
stop |
stopping – останавливающий, останавливая |
tie |
tying – привязывающий, привязывая |
give |
giving – дающий, давая |
sell |
selling – продающий, продавая |
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Причастие прошедшего времени – 3-я форма глагола |
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Past participle, или Participle II |
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Для правильных глаголов: |
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основа + -ed |
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play |
played – играемый, сыгранный |
stop |
stopped – останавливаемый, остановленный |
tie |
tied – привязываемый, привязанный |
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Для неправильных глаголов: |
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различные способы |
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give |
given – даваемый, данный |
sell |
sold – продаваемый, проданный |
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Формы причастия настоящего времени
Forms of Present participle
Действительный залог |
Страдательный залог |
Active Voice |
Passive Voice |
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Простые времена
Simple tenses
reading |
being read |
translating |
being translated |
Not knowing the language, he could not |
Being read by young people the book is very |
understand the stranger. – Не зная языка, он |
popular. – Поскольку книгу читают |
не мог понять незнакомца. |
молодые люди, она очень популярна. |
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Действительный залог |
Страдательный залог |
Active voice |
Passive voice |
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Совершённые времена |
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having read |
having been read |
having translated |
having been translated |
Having finished the translation the |
Having been read all over the country, it |
students left the room. – Выполнив перевод, |
became very popular. – Поскольку книгу |
студенты покинули аудиторию. |
прочитали повсеместно, она стала очень |
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популярной. |
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Функции причастия в предложении
Определение |
The reading boy is my brother. |
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Attribute |
The boy reading a book is my brother. |
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The broken window was repaired. |
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The window broken by Tim was |
repaired. . |
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Именная часть составного |
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сказуемого |
I was walking round the park when a stranger came up to |
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Predicative |
me. |
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The book was read. |
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Обстоятельство |
When filling in a form you must |
write your name |
Adverbial modifier |
and address clearly. |
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Having finished the translation the students left the |
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room. |
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