5042

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years. The General Assembly elects the General Secretary for the period of four years. The World Tourism Organization cooperates with many United Nations agencies as

well as government and non-government organizations.

In the 18th century (1777) the first organized group of young men from noble families of Russia made the first trip abroad. They toured around Germany, Switzerland, Italy and France. The purpose of the tour was to get familiar with local universities and art galleries.

In the same 18th century the first guide books for leisure travellers on Moscow and St. Petersburg were published. Those manuals gave details of sights and art collections in the old and the new capitals of Russia.

Thomas Cook Company was very well-known in Russia. But the country's first national travel agency emerged in St. Petersburg in 1885. It was founded by L. Lipson. The travel agency got the name of the «Enterprise for Public Travel to All Parts of the World».

In 1901 the Russian Tourist Society came into being. However, only well-off noble people were its members.

After the October Revolution tourism in Russia involved common people, too. In 1929 the Society of Proletarian Tourism was created.

As a matter of fact, our reputable «Intourist» Joint-Stock Company, which used to deal with international tourism during the Soviet period, was organized as long ago as in 1929, too.

Vocabulary focus

1. Give English equivalents of the words and word combinations used in the text. Make up your own sentences with these words.

Кочевник, паломник, купец, торговец, паром, исследователь, искатель приключений, средства транспорта, кардинально изменить, появляться, состоятельные люди, передвигаться по внутренним водным путям, покрывать большие расстояния, перевозить пассажиров, организованный туризм, организовать поездку, обеспечивать кого-л. чем-л., турпакет, придерживаться чего-л., расширять бизнес, путаница, продвигать туризм, познакомиться с, путеводитель, признанный, акционерная компания.

3. Group the following terms according to the titles in the table (3 terms in each group).

Pilgrim, inn, races, jet, adventurer, health resort, raft, caravansary, recreation, nomad, tavern, steamship.

4. Match the terms with the definitions.

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5. Pick out the right definition.

6. Insert prepositions where necessary.

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1.The first travelers used boats and ferries … the water and camels … the desert.

2.Jet planes made air travel available … all people.

3.Well-to-do people went … health resorts and spas of Germany … recreation and treatment.

4.In the early 19th century tourists travelled … trains and steamships.

5.The steamships carried … passengers … all oceans and seas of the world.

6.Thomas Cook decided not to stick … domestic tourism … his county.

7.Thomas Cook set … the first travel agency.

8.UNWTO deals … promoting tourism … the world.

9.Young men from noble families of Russia made … the first trip abroad in the 18th century. They toured … Germany, Italy and France. The purpose of the tour was to get familiar … local universities.

10.The first guide book … Moscow was published in 1792.

11.The Russian Tourist Society came … being in 1901.

7.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.

1.UNWTO assists countries in the __________ of their national tourism.

2.The only means of travelling in the early 19th century were trains and __________.

3.Thomas Cook arranged the first trip by ___________ in 1841.

4.When the first ____________ appeared, they changed travel crucially.

5.When ___________ emerged, they made air travel available to most people.

6.In the first half of the 19th century steamships carried passengers within -

_________.

7.Marco Polo, Christopher Columbus and James Cook were world-famous _________.

8.Thomas Cook arranged the first _________ in 1855 to Paris.

9.Well-to-do Europeans used to go to health resorts and ___________ of Germany for recreation and ___________ .

10.The first travellers used simple boats on the water and __________ in the desert.

11.During the first group tour Thomas Cook provided his tourists with meals on the train and tickets for the ___________ .

12.The 19th century tourism was first and foremost for ___________ .

13.Well-to-do tourists used to travel to the __________ in the mountains of Austria and Switzerland.

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14.Air travel is the fastest ___________ of travelling.

8.Translate the sentences from Russian into English.

1.Когда начался туристский бум? – Я думаю, он начался приблизительно 30 – 40 лет назад.

2.Вчера я прочитал статью о Всемирной туристской организации в журнале. – Когда эта организации возникла? – Если не ошибаюсь, это событие произошло в 1975 году.

3.Где проводили время обеспеченные туристы в XIX веке? Они вообще ездили за рубеж? – Конечно, ездили. Они отправлялись в поездки во Францию, Германию, Швейцарию и Австрию. – Что они там делали? – Они проводили время на оздоровительных курортах и курортах на минеральных водах. Они ездили туда на отдых и лечение.

4.Томас Кук стал известен в Англии в середине XIX века. – Чем он стал известен? Что он сделал? – Он организовал первую туристскую поездку по железной дороге. Он основал первое в мире турагентство.

5.В начале XIX века туристы пользовались водным и железнодорожным транспортом. – А какими видами транспорта пользовались первые путешественники? – Это были простые лодки и паромы на воде и верблюды в пустыне.

6.Что явилось началом организованного международного туризма в России? – Это было во второй половине XVIII века, когда первая организованная группа молодых людей из титулованных семей совершила турне по Европе. – Что было целью их поездки? – Они познакомились с художественными галереями, университетами и предприятиями Германии, Италии, Франции и Швейцарии.

– В каком году это было? – Это было в 1777 году.

7.Когда был опубликован первый путеводитель по Москве? – Он появился 19 октября 1792 года.

Discussion

9.Answer the questions on the texts.

1.When did people start travelling? Who were the first travellers?

2.What means of travelling did they use?

3.Who were the most famous travellers? What kind of journeys did they make?

4.Why did travel grow and develop?

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5.What were the new means of travelling in the 19th century?

6.What kind of transportation emerged in the early 20th century?

7.What are the advantages of air travel?

8.What was tourism in the 19th century like?

9.What kind of tours did well-to-do people use to take? Where did they go to in those countries?

10.How did they use to travel?

11.Where did steamships move in the first half of the 19th century? Where did they move in the second half of the 19th century?

12.What is Thomas Cook Company?

13.When did Thomas Cook arrange the first trip? What kind of trip was it?

14.What was the first package tour like?

15.What kind of arrangements did Thomas Cook make in 1851?

16.What was the first overseas trip by Thomas Cook?

17.What kind of travel business is Thomas Cook Company?

18.How large is Thomas Cook Company now?

19.When did tourist boom start?

20.When and where did the United Nations conference on international travel and tourism take place?

21.What was the year 1967 noted for?

22.When did the United Nations establish the World Tourism Organization?

23.Why did the WTO General Assembly adopt new initials of the organization in 2005?

24.What kind of organization is UNWTO? What does UNWTO deal with?

25.What is the General Assembly of UNWTO?

26.What kind of organizations does UNWTO cooperate with?

27.When did the first organized group in Russia make the first trip abroad? What kind of group was it?

28.Where did they travel? What was the purpose of their tour?

29.What sort of guide books were published in the 18th century?

30.When did the first national travel agency of Russia emerge? What was its name?

31.When did tourism in Russia start involving common people too?

32.How old is the «Intourist» Joint-Stock Company?

10.State whether the following statements are true or false. Comment on the true

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statements and correct the false ones.

1.The first travelers were pilgrims, merchants and traders.

2.The development of tourism didn’t depend on the development of transport.

3.The age of airplane changed travel crucially.

4.In the 19th century steamships used to move within inland waterways only.

5.Thomas Cook arranged the first trip in 1814.

6.Thomas Cook decided to stick to domestic tourism within his country only.

7.Nowadays Thomas Cook company operates as a travel agency.

8.The World Tourism Organization was established in 1957 by the United Nations.

9.UN WTO is a worldwide group of government travel organizations.

10.The first organized group of young men from noble families of Russia made the first trip abroad in 19th century.

11.The first guide books on Moscow and St. Petersburg were published in the 18th century.

12.The first travel agency in Russia was founded by Thomas Cook in 1885.

11. Make a summary of the text. Part 2

1. Read the text and complete the exercises that follow. Around the world in 222 days

The history of modern tourism began on 5th July 1841, when a train carrying 500 factory workers travelled from Leicester to Loughborough, twelve miles away, to attend a meeting about the dangers of alcohol.

This modest excursion was organized by Thomas Cook, a young man with neither money nor formal education. His motive was not profit, but the social reform. Cook believed that the social problems of Britain were caused by widespread alcoholism. Travel, he believed would broaden the mind and distract people from drinking.

The success of Cook’s first excursion led to others, and the success of the business was phenomenal. In 1851, Cook launched his own monthly newsletter, Cook’s

Exhibition Herald and Excursion Adviser, the world’s first travel magazine; by 1872, the newsletter was selling 100,000 copies a month and its founder was treated as a hero of modern industrial age.

When Thomas Cook reached the age of sixty-three, there was still one challenge

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ahead of him: to travel round the globe. The idea of travelling ‘to Egypt via China’ seemed impossible to most Victorians. Cook knew otherwise. In 1869 two things happened that would make an overland journey possible: the opening of the Suez Canal and the completion of a railroad network that linked the continent of America from coast to coast.

He set off from Liverpool on the steamship Oceanic, bound for New York. Throughout his travels, his traditional views affected most of what he saw, including the American railroad system. Although impressed by its open carriages, sleeping cars, on-board toilets and efficient baggage handling, he was shocked that men and women were not required to sleep in separate carriages.

Japan delighted him. It was a land of great beauty and rich fertility, where the hotels served ‘the best roast beef we have tasted since we left England’. Cook and his party toured the city of Yokohama in a caravan of richshaws. ‘We created quite a sensation,’ he wrote.

Cook’s love of Japan was equaled only by his hatred of China. Shanghai, the next port of call, offered ‘narrow and filthy streets’ which were full of ‘pestering and festering beggars’. After twenty-four hours there, Cook had seen enough.

He travelled to Singapore and as he set off across the Bay of Bengal. Cook was full of confidence, feeling that he understood ‘this business of pleasure’. But nothing he had seen in Shanghai could have prepared him for the culture shock of India.

‘At the holy city of Benares we were conducted through centres of filthand obscenity,’ he wrote. From the deck of a boat on the Ganges he saw people washing dead bodies, before burning them on funeral piles beside the river. He found these scenes ‘revolting in the extreme’.

By the time Cook left Bombay for Egypt he was showing signs of tiredness. On 15th February 1873, while crossing the Red Sea, he wrote to The Times that he would not travel round the world again. ‘After thirty-two years of travelling, with the view of making travelling easy, cheap, and safe for others, I ought to rest.’ In Cairo, he fell seriously ill for the first time.

Cook arrived home in England after 222 days abroad. Although he never attempted another world tour, he continued to escort parties of tourists to continental Europe throughout the 1870s, and did not cease his seasonal visits to Egypt until the late 1880s. He died in July 1892 at the age of eighty-three.’

2.Are the following statements true or false?

1.Cook organized his first tour in order to make some money.

2.He launched the world’s first travel magazine in 1872.

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3.The Suez Canal was opened in1872.

4.He thought some aspects of the American railroad system were excellent.

5.He preferred China to Japan.

6.He was shocked by what he saw in India.

7.He fell ill towards the end of his round-the-world tour.

8.He handed the business over to his son when he was sixty-five.

3.Itinerary. The following place names are mixed up. Reorder the letters to find the words and write the place names in the order that Cook visited them. The first one has been done for you.

4. Sum up what you have learned from the text. UNIT 5

TYPES OF TOURISM