Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования

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ББК Ш 143.21

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Английский язык : учебное пособие “Tourism” для студентов III курса специальности ЭУП (ТиГХ) дневной формы обучения / сост. Н. Ю. Павлова. – Хабаровск : РИЦ ХГАЭП, 2006. – 92 с.

Рецензенты : Е. В. Цыганкова, доцент, зав. кафедрой ин. языков ДВГУПС, канд. пед. наук.; Т. И. Лаптева, доцент, ректор

ДВИИЯ, канд. филолог. наук.

Наталья Юрьевна Павлова

Английский язык

TOURISM

Учебное пособие для студентов III курса специальности ЭУП (ТиГХ)

Редактор Г.С. Одинцова

680042, Хабаровск, ул. Тихоокеанская, 134, ХГАЭП, РИЦ

© Хабаровская государственная академия экономики и права, 2006

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ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Пособие предназначено для студентов, изучающих дисциплину «Международный туризм» и владеющих английским языком на уровне intermediate, а также для специалистов, которым необходимо совершенствовать знания английского языка в области туризма.

Цель данного пособия – совершенствования языковых знаний, умения и навыков, дальнейшее развитие навыков чтения, говорения и аудирования в рамках профессиональной тематики.

Пособие имеет четкую структуру: состоит из девяти разделов по основным аспектам туризма. В первую часть включены такие темы, как туриндустрия, роль транспортных услуг в туризме, размещение и питание, реклама турпродукта, регулирование туризма.

Материал каждого раздела направлен на поэтапное изучение темы и включает:

-основной текст с информацией по теме и базовой лексикой;

-упражнения на закрепление лексического материала, на расширение словарного запаса;

-упражнения на повторение грамматического материала;

-дополнительные тексты на отработку навыков чтения, содержащие страноведческий материал по туризму;

-тексты и диалоги для аудирования, способствующие развитию навыков восприятия аутентичной устной речи;

-ролевые игры и другие виды творческих упражнений, направленных на развитие навыков устной речи.

При составлении пособия была использована оригинальная российская и зарубежная литература.

Учебное пособие составлено в соответствии с рекомендациями по составлению учебных пособий и соответствует языковым нормам при обучении иностранному языку.

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UNIT I THE TOURIST INDUSTRY

Part one

Words to remember

-to exceed – превышать; переходить границы; превосходить

-growth rate – темп роста

-inducement – побуждение, стимул

-dependable – надежный to

-put together a tour – организовывать тур

-durable goods – товары длительного пользования

-tangible /intangible goods – материальные /нематериальные товары

-convention – съезд, конвенция

-incentive trip – инсентивная поездка

-accommodation – размещение

-catering – общественное питание

-facilities – оборудование; приспособления; сооружения; средства

-price elastic/inelastic market – рынок, характеризующийся эластичностью/неэластичностью спроса по ценам

-multiplier effect – эффект мультипликатора

-leakage – утечка

-labour intensive – трудоёмкий

Reading

Read the text, then look through the comprehension exercises and speak on the text.

The Tourist Industry

Tourism has been one of the fastest growing industries in recent years. Indeed, the growth rate of tourism has generally exceeded the growth rate for the worldwide economy.

In spite of the rapid growth, it is not easy to define tourism, and accurate statistics are not easy to obtain. Tourism necessarily involves travel; a tourist is usually defined as a person who is visiting some place other than his usual residence for more than 24 hours, primarily for pleasure or recreation, and frequently to multiple destinations. A tourist is distinguished by the length of his trip from an excursionist, who is away from his usual residence for less than 24 hours, or at most a weekend.

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The question of purpose also must enter into the definition of tourism. Many people travel entirely for the purpose of recreation or pleasure; they are people on holiday. Other people travel for the reasons of health. Other people travel to visit friends or relatives, a reason that has become more important because of increased mobility throughout the world. Still others travel in order to educate themselves because travel is broadening.

All of these people are generally considered tourists since the primary reason for their trips is recreation. Most tourist statistics also include people who are traveling on business. Among them are businessmen and government officials on specific missions, as well as people attending meetings or conventions. Another kind of business travel is the incentive trip. A bonus or reward is given, for example, to a salesman who has exceeded his quota. Many people among those traveling on business often combine pleasure with their work. They also use the same transportation, accommodations, and catering facilities as the holiday tourists. Accommodations refer to hotels or other places where a traveller can find rest and shelter; catering facilities refer to places where a traveller or another member of the public can find food and drink.

Not included in the area of tourism are people who travel someplace in order to take up a job there. This excludes from tourism the migrants. Students who travel to another region or country where they are enrolled in a regular school are also not included in tourist statistics.

The marketing approach for the two major divisions among tourists – recreational and business travelers – is different. The recreational travelers respond to a greater degree to lower fares and other inducements in pricing and selecting the destination for their trips. They make up a price elastic market. The business groups, on the other hand, make up a price inelastic market. Their trips are not scheduled according to lower fares, the destination is determined in advance, and expense is usually paid for by their employers. They are looking for dependable rather than inexpensive service. Business travellers also make more trips to larger cities or industrial centers than to resort areas, although many conventions are now held at resort hotels.

Tourism is a relatively new phenomenon in the world. Since being away from home is a necessary component of tourism, its development as a mass industry depended on modern means of rapid and inexpensive transportation. Tourism as we know it today began with the building of the railroads in the 19th century. In fact, the words tourism and tourist themselves were not used for the first time until about 1800. The first tour in modern sense was put together by Thomas Cook in England in 1841, and the firm of Thomas Cook and Sons has remained one of the prominent names in the tourist

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industry. The automobile and the airplane in still more recent times have also become major modes of transportation for recreational purposes.

Industrialization has produced the other conditions that are necessary for tourism. Among them is the creation of a large number of people with an amount of disposable income – income above and beyond what is needed for basic expenses such as food, shelter, clothing and taxes. Another important condition is urbanization, the growth of large cities. Residents of the big population centers take more holiday trips than residents of rural areas.

One of the principal reasons for encouraging a tourist industry in many developing countries is the so-called multiplier effect of the tourist dollar. Money paid for wages or in other ways is spent not once but sometimes several times for other items in economy – the food that hotel employees eat at home, for example, or the houses in which they live, or the durable goods that they buy. In some countries the multiplier can be a factor as high as 3, but it is often lower number because of leakage. Leakage comes from the money that goes out of the economy either in the form of imports that are necessary to sustain the tourist industry or in profits that are drained off by investors. In some tourist areas, it has been necessary to import workers. However, many of these workers cause leakages in the form of remittances to their home countries.

Another attraction of the tourist industry for the developing countries is that it is laborintensive; that is, it requires a large number of workers in proportion to the people who are served. This is a common feature of service industries, which deal with intangible products – like a holiday – rather than tangible products – like an electric toaster.

The tourist industry is not a single entity. It consists of many different kinds of enterprises that offer different services to the traveler, for example, transportation, accommodations, catering and others.

Comprehension

1.Answer the questions.

1.Why is tourism one of the fastest growing industries?

2.What distinguishes a tourist from an excursionist?

3.What are the most common reasons for travelling?

4.What kinds of travelers are usually included in tourist statistics?

5.Why is it difficult to distinguish between business travel from recreational travel?

6.To what tourist services do accommodations and catering refer?

7.What kinds of travellers are usually not included in tourist statistics?

8.What is the marketing approach to recreational and business travelers?

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9.What has the development of tourism as a mass industry depended on?

10.When were the words tourist and tourism first used?

11.What are some of the conditions for tourism that have been produced by industrialization?

12.What are the principal reasons for encouraging tourism in developing countries?

2. Read the statements, define whether they are true or false, speak on them.

1.It is easy to define tourism and accurate statistics are easy to obtain.

2.An excursionist is a person, who is away from his usual residence for more than 24 hours.

3.Accommodations refer to places where a traveler can find food or drink; catering facilities refer to hotels or other places where a traveler can find rest or shelter.

4.People who travel some place in order to take up a job there are included in the area of tourism.

5.Students who travel to another region or country where they are enrolled in a regular school are also usually included in tourist statistics.

6.The business groups make up a price elastic market; recreational travelers make up a price inelastic market.

7.It is not difficult to separate pure recreational travel from business travel.

8.Tourism as we know it today began with the building of the railroad in the 19th century.

9.The first tour in the modern sense was put together by Thomas Cook in England in 1814.

10.Tourist industry does not require a large number of workers in proportion to the people who are served.

11.The tourist industry is a single entity.

Language focus

1. Look through the text and match the definitions given below with the words and phrases from the text.

2. Fill in the spaces in the following sentences with the appropriate word or phrase.

Leakage, multiplier effect, catering, disposable income, intangible, incentive, conventions, international, accommodation, internal, tangible, tourist, domestic labour-intensive, price elastic, excursionist.

1.In some countries, the tourist dollar may be spent as many as three times over as a result of the __________.

2.Service industries like tourism tend to be __________, with a high ratio of workers to customers.

3.A holiday is an__________ product, whereas a radio is a _________ product.

4.The trip taken by a __________lasts more than 24 hours, whereas one taken by an_________ lasts less than 24 hours.

5.A hotel is a unit in the __________ industry.

6.A restaurant is a unit in the _________ business.

7.__________tourism involves travel in two or more countries, whereas

__________or _________ tourism is entirely within one country.

8.A _________ market attracts customers through inducements in lower fares or rates.

9.If a salesman exceeds his sales quota, his company may reward him with an_________ trip.

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10.Many people attend _________ in order to exchange ideas, knowledge, and experience that relate to a special field.

11.After a person has paid for the necessities of life, any money that is left can be considered __________.

12.Money spent for imports to sustain a tourist industry is one kind of __________; another comes from profits returned to investors outside the country.

3.Translate the sentences from Russian into English.

A.

1.Люди стали больше путешествовать из-за желания развлечься, отдохнуть

ирасширить свой кругозор.

2.Люди, путешествующие для отдыха, образуют рынок, характеризующийся эластичностью спроса по ценам.

3.Туризм – относительно новое явление в мире. Туризм начался со строительством железных дорог в XIX веке.

4.Первый тур, в его современном понимании, был организован Томасом Куком в 1841 году, а фирма «Томас Кук и Сыновья» остаётся одной из самых выдающихся в индустрии туризма.

5.Инсентивная поездка является хорошим поощрением для рабочих.

6.В нашем городе немного туристических фирм, заслуживающих доверия.

7.Основная цель его визита – организовать тур для людей, интересующихся древними цивилизациями.

8.Эта реклама рассчитана на людей с высоким чистым доходом.

9.Индустрия туризма очень быстро развивается во всем мире. Развитие туризма в разных регионах зависит от многих факторов.

10.На рынке туризма существует жесткая конкуренция.

11.Люди путешествуют по разным причинам, поэтому классификация в туризме очень усложнена.

12.Люди, которые вынуждены путешествовать в целях поиска работы, не являются туристами.

13.Люди, которые часто ездят в командировки, стараются сочетать приятное с полезным и пользуются теми же средствами передвижения, местами проживания и питания, что и обыкновенные туристы.

14.Развитие туризма во многом зависит от общего экономического развития страны.

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B.

1. После Второй мировой войны международный туризм начал бурно развиваться во всем мире. Особую роль в этом сыграли: рост численности населения в индустриальных странах, увеличение оплачиваемых отпусков и повышение доходов населения. Массовый туристский пакет получил развитие благодаря включению в него перелетов на реактивных широкофюзеляжных самолетах. Кроме того, развитию международного туризма способствовал существенный рост бизнес-путешествий.

Международный туризм показал себя надежным видом экономики вопреки многим отрицательным факторам, таким как политическая и экономическая нестабильность во многих частях мира, усиление терроризма и т.д. Как правило, во время экономического спада спрос или оставался неизменным, или вскоре после «выздоровления» экономики возвращался на прежний уровень.

2. Международный туризм в России переживает не самые лучшие времена, что связано, прежде всего, с политической и экономической нестабильностью. Эти обстоятельства отпугивают, с одной стороны, потенциальных иностранных гостей от визитов в нашу страну, а с другой – иностранных бизнесменов от вложения денег в развитие туристкой инфраструктуры в России.

Становление в России современного конкурентоспособного туристского комплекса связано с решением ряда актуальных задач, таких как создание основ системы государственного регулирования туристской деятельности, формирование современного отечественного туристского рынка на основе развития конкуренции, обеспечение условий для развития различных видов внутреннего и въездного туризма, интеграции России в систему мирового туристского рынка.

Speaking

Select one of the following questions and discuss it briefly.

1.If you live in a developing country that does not have a tourist industry, what would you consider the advantages and disadvantages of such an industry for your country?

2.If you live in a developing country that does have a tourist industry, what would you consider the advantages and disadvantages of that industry? How could it be changed or improved?

3.If you live in an industrialized country, what are the tourist destinations that attract the largest number of tourist from your country? What are the tourist destinations within your country?

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4.border workers – рабочие в приграничных зонах

5.nomads – кочевники, бродяги

6.to stop over – остановиться в пути; сделать остановку

7.a stop-over – остановка в пути

8.to cease – переставать, прекращаться

9.a spa – курорт с минеральными водами; минеральный источник

10.consecutive – последовательный; подряд

11.not more than one consecutive year – не дольше, чем год (подряд)

12.inbound tourism – въездной туризм

13.outbound tourism – выездной туризм

2.The World Tourism Organization’s Classification of Tourism

Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and (a) ___________ in places outside their (b) ___________ for more than (c) _________ consecutive (d)

_________ for (e) _________, (f) __________ and other purposes.

(g) __________ involves residents of a given country traveling only within their own country.

(h) ___________ involves non-residents traveling in the given country.

(i) ___________ involves residents of one country traveling to another country.

Comprehension

1.Read the statements and say whether they are true or false.

1.When various countries collect statistics on tourism they are all measuring different things.

2.All travellers are classified under various headings.

3.Visitors are people who cross the borders for various reasons.

4.Passengers on a cruise stopping over in a port are same-day visitors.

5.Travellers cease to be tourists if their purpose is not leisure or recreation.

6.Domestic tourism means the same as internal tourism.

7.Inbound tourism involves residents of a particular country going abroad.

8.Outbound tourism means that people who live in another country come to visit the country where you live.

2.Sum up the interview with Dr. Garcia.

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Vocabulary focus

1. Some words are very similar in meaning, and it is important to know exactly when, where and how you can use them. Study the definitions and then complete the sentences.

journey, n. – an act of traveling from one place to another, especially to a place that is far away

to make a journey bus/train/car journey

a 12 hour/five mile journey

trip, n. – the act of traveling to a place and coming back, especially when you only stay in the place for a short time

boat/car/plane trip business/school/skiing trip to go on a trip

flight, n. – a journey in a plane

a 30 minute/12 hour flight

voyage, n. – a long journey in a boat or ship

crossing, n. – a short journey in a boat or ship which goes from one side of a sea, lake, or other area of water to the other side

drive, n. – a journey in a car

a 12 hour/15 minute drive

ride, n. – a short journey in a vehicle such as a car, or on a bicycle or a horse bike/car/horse ride

to go for a ride

tour, n. – a planned journey during which a politician, entertainer, or sports team visits several different places, usually within a fixed period of time

1.If you’re visiting Madrid, why not go on a day _________ to Toledo?

2.The __________was delayed because of air traffic congestion over Heathrow.

3.The ________ on the ferry was very rough.

4.The train __________ from Madras to Bangalore was uncomfortable.

5.The Titanic sank on its maiden _________.

6.Why not hire a car and go for a __________ in the country?

7.There’s volleyball team on _________ and they want hotel accommodation.

8.The museum is a short bus ________ from the tourist information office.

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9. The _________ from Europe was a hazardous undertaking, with heavy seas and strong winds.

10. The King has left for a six-week ________ of Australia and New Zealand.

11. We boarded one of the tourist ferries for the _________ to Staten Island, home of the Statue of Liberty.

12. It’s a very fast bike. Do you want to go for a _______?

2. Study the words in the box below. If you don’t know their meanings, look them up in the dictionary. Match the people in the box to these sentences.

Grammar practice

1. Complete the passage below by putting the words in brackets into either the Past Simple or Present Perfect Tense.

The Spanish Tourist Industry

Tourism to Spain goes back to the 1930s, but package tourism really (take off)

_______ in Spain during the late 1950s and 1960s. The post-war economic and population growth plus the increase in leisure time and disposable income in Northern Europe (coincide) ________ with Spain’s policy to welcome tourism, offering a

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reliable climate, beaches, a different culture and low prices. The favourable exchange rate and competitive cost of living (be) ________ additional incentives.

Mass tourism (begin) ________ towards the end of the 1970s but the familiarity with Spain and falling standards (lead) ________ to a poor image of the country as a holiday destination. As a result, Spain (face) ________ competition in the late 1980s from other Mediterranean and long-haul destinations. At that time competitive airfares across the Atlantic to Florida and the low cost of living in America (mean) ________ that many people (prefer) _______ to go to the States rather than holiday in the Iberian peninsula. Even so, in 1993 Spain (welcome) ________ over 57 million visitors – 8 per cent of GNP

– and (account for) ________ 24 per cent of all Britain’s outbound tourism.

The Spanish tourism industry (make) ________ many mistakes in the early years with the building of high rise hotels and poor town planning. However, the situation is changing. Over the last few years the government (restrict) ________ building and is providing grants for organizations and training in the tourist sector. In addition, it (implement) _______ an investment programme to modernize public service facilities and infrastructure and to protect the environment. And with the help of soft loans which the government (make)

________ available for refurbishments, many hoteliers (improve) ________ the standard of accommodation provided in order to meet the new stricter guidelines.

2. Give Russian equivalents to the following English words and phrases.

3.Say what you have learned from the text about the development of the Spanish tourist industry.

4.Complete the text using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.

During the 1960s in Britain some resorts (a) _________ (lose) their way and the will to

develop. Some, like Brighton and Bournemouth, (b) ________ (change) direction and (c)

________ (go) for conference business and English language students. Thousands of small hotels and boarding houses (d) ________ (become) retirement homes.

However, although at that time the boom in cheap holidays at Mediterranean resorts (e)

________ (threaten) the future of British seaside resorts, since then they (f) _______ (adapt)

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The text you are about to read describes the early history of tourism. List five key words you might expect to meet in the text. What events and conditions in society do you think first led to tourism?

Skim and scan

a)The text mentions two people whose names are still prominent in the travel industry. Who are they? Do you know where their names can be seen today?

b)What were the two Acts of Parliament which created the preconditions for mass tourism? What did this legislation provide for?

The origins of mass tourism

In the late eighteenth century, sea water gained a reputation for its medicinal properties and as a result many British coastal fishing villages were transformed into fashionable resorts. Brighton and Weymouth both became popular with genteel holidaymakers after George III paid them a visit to try and cure the fits of madness from which he suffered. The earliest organization of anything that we would recognize today as tourism started in the mid-nineteenth century. Thomas Cook is historically credited with organizing the first ever tourist excursion in 1841 when he sold tickets for a train ride from Leicester to Loughborough as means of promoting the Temperance cause. Methodist missionary Henry Lunn pioneered the skiing holiday just a few years later.

It was the Industrial Revolution that really began to open up tourism to the working classes. As a result of the widespread social and technological reforms a new middle class grew up, whose increased prosperity meant that they could afford to travel. The Bank Holiday Act of Parliament in 1871, creating four annual public holidays and the Factory Act of 1901, which gave the first ever paid annual holiday allowance of six days, provided the necessary legislation to give the working British public leisure time at no financial loss.

The new railways provided cheap travel to seaside resorts such as Scarborough and Blackpool. Public holidays would see a mass exodus from the large cities of Manchester, Liverpool and Leeds to the coast, for people to be entertained at funfairs and shows catering to the tastes of the working man.

People were also becoming aware of a world put side their own direct experience. Solders travelling to foreign countries saw opportunities and wanted to return in peacetime. The colonial era brought India, Australia, Africa and other parts of the world into spotlight of the European colonial powers. The advent of photography provide visual evidence of the existence of the exotic and began to stir interest among the more adventurous to see the sights for themselves. The Taj Mahal, the Pyramids and the Sphinx and the Statue of Liberty are all examples of famous tourist attractions which we travel to see in real life because we’ve seen pictures of them.

In only a century the holiday has changed beyond recognition. In 1890 a typical family holiday would be a day trip to the nearest seaside town. Armed with bucket and spade and a picnic, the family would take advantage of the half-a-

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crown cheap-day excursion offered by the private companies who ran the new railway network. The 1990s family, however, is far more likely to take a twoweek package tour to the Mediterranean, where the whole holiday will be paid for before leaving home and one can enjoy the guaranteed sunshine.

“The Good Tourist”, Wood, K. and House, S. (Mandarin) 2002

Notes on the text

1.medicinal properties – лечебные свойства

2.fits of madness – припадки безумия

3.to credit with – приписывать что-л. кому-л.

4.to be in the spotlight – быть в центре внимания

5.to stir interest – возбуждать интерес

6.to cater to – развлекать, доставлять удовольствие

1.Find the words in the text with the following meanings:

1) changed (paragraph1)

2) a movement which believes that the use of alcohol is dangerous and normally wrong (paragraph 1)

3) originated (paragraph 1)

4) financial success (paragraph 2)

5) departure (paragraph 3)

6) designed to appeal to (paragraph 3)

7) period of history (paragraph 4)

8) arrival (paragraph 4)

9) something which is strange and unusual because it comes from far away (paragraph 4)

10) a sum of money (today expressed as 12½ pence, but obviously worth more in real terms a century ago) (paragraph 5)

2.Answer the questions.

1.How did railway building contribute to the growth of tourism?

2.Which paragraph gives reasons for the development of foreign travel? What are the reasons given?

3.“The 1990s family, however, is far more likely to take a two-week package tour to the Mediterranean…” (paragraph 5). What nationality is the typical family referred to here? How do you know?

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3. Sum up what you’ve learned from the text about the origins of mass tourism.

Speaking

1. Work in groups of four. Within your group you will work in two teams of two people, Team A and Team B. You are going to give short talks on tourism development in two different countries.

Team A look at the information on Ireland. Read the Ireland fact file below. Discuss tourism in Ireland. Decide what you will tell Team B. Make notes and plan your talk. When you are ready, give your talk.

Ireland fact file

Team B look at the information on Egypt. Read the fact file. Discuss tourism in Egypt. Decide what you tell Team A. Make notes and plan your talk. When you are ready, give your talk.

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Egypt fact file

2.Prepare to speak about tourism development in Russia. Find information and make Russia fact file.

3.Discuss the trends in tourism in Russia along the following lines:

1.What forms of tourism are best developed in Russia?

2.Is domestic tourism popular in Russia? If yes, how can you prove it? If no, why not?

3.What are the main purposes of traveling in Russia?

4.What categories of foreign visitors are most frequent in Russia?

5.What do you know about excursionist tourism in Russia?

6.What are the major travel motivations for Russian people?

7.Where do Russians prefer to spend their holidays? Why?

8.What can you say about rate of development of Russian tourism?

9.What are the latest trends in Russian tourism?

Writing

Write up full description of one of the fact files, or research an area of your choice and write an account of the development of tourism there.