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ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɧɚ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɤɥɟɬɤɚɯ ɧɢɠɟ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɟɟ:
k l k l
P ¦¦Nij ( ¦ ¦Nrs ) . (II,8,5)
i 1 j 1 r i 1s j 1
ɗɬɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɫ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɦɵɦ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (II,6,9). Q – ɫɭɦɦɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɭɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɧɚ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɢɠɟ ɢ ɥɟɜɟɟ ɟɟ:
k l k j 1
Q ¦¦Nij ( ¦¦Nrs ) (II,8,6)
i 1 j 1 r i 1s 1
(Q – ɜɵɱɢɬɚɟɦɨɟ ɜɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ).
ȿɫɥɢ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɩɨɥɧɚɹ ɢ ɩɪɹɦɚɹ, ɬɨ Q = 0 ɢ Ȗ = 1, ɟɫɥɢ ɠɟ ɩɨɥɧɚɹ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɚɹ, ɬɨ Ɋ = 0 ɢ Ȗ = – 1. ɂɬɚɤ, – 1 Ȗ 1
ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ Ȗ-ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ Ƚɭɞɦɚɧɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ (ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ – ɩɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢɨɞɧɨɝɨ – ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ).
Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨɬ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɟɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 32.
Ɋ = 35(25+15)+15·15+5(25+15)+25·15=1625
~
Q = 5(5+25)+15·5=225 Ȗ = +0,76
[136]
ɍɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɟ 70. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 32 ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ Ȗ -ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ Ƚɭɞɦɚɧɚ. Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 0,33;
0,44.
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d-ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɋɨɦɟɪɫɚ |
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ɉɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ, |
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ɝɞɟ Y0 – ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɚɪ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ Y (ɧɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ X), ɚ ɏ0 – ɫ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ X (ɧɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ Y), Ɋ ɢ Q ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵɜɵɲɟ, ɫɦ. (II,8,5), (II,8,6).
ȼɨɨɛɳɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ, ɏ0 ɍ0 (ɞɚɥɟɟ ɦɵ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɢɯ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ), ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ d ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɵɦ: dyx dxy ȿɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɢɡ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɹɫɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ X ɧɚ Y ɢ Y ɧɚ X ɧɟɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨ.
ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, d ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɦɵɫɥɚ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ, ɫɤɚɠɟɦ, X ɧɚ Y (ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ X ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ Y, ɯɨɬɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ). ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɥɢɲɶ ɨɞɢɧ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ: ɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ – dxy, ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ Y ɧɚ X.
ɉɟɪɟɣɞɟɦ ɤ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɸɏ0, ɬ.ɟ. ɱɢɫɥɚ ɩɚɪ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ X (ɧɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ Y). Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɏ0 ɧɚɣɞɟɦ ɫɩɟɪɜɚ ɜɤɥɚɞ i-ɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ (ɜɫɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ
ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ X, ɪɚɜɧɵɟ ɯi):
Ni1Ni2 … Nij … Nil
ɑɢɫɥɨ ɩɚɪ ɫ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ X, ɧɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ Y ɜɷɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ:
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Ni1 (Ni2 Ni3 ... Nil ) Ni2 (Ni3 ... Nil ) ... Nil 1Nil ¦Nip ¦Niq |
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ȼɤɥɚɞ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɏ0: |
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Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ: |
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Ɂɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ. Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɚɪ ɫ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ X ɢ Y |
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ɗɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 32 ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɦ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɋɨɦɟɪɫɚ:
ɏ0 = 35·(15 + 5) + 15·5 + 5 (25 + 15) + 25·15 = 1350; ɍ0 = 35·5 + 15·25 + 5·15 = 625;
dyx = +0,57 dɯɭ = + 0,53
Ȼɥɢɡɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ dɯɭ ɢ dyx ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ «ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɸ» ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ X ɧɚ Y ɢ Y ɧɚ X. Ʌɟɝɤɨ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ, ɱɬɨ |d| 1 ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ d = 0, ɟɫɥɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɧɟɬ. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɨɞɢɧ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ.
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ Ȗ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɫɹ ɷɫɬɨɧɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɚɦɢ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ Ⱥɇ ɗɋɋɊ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ Ɍ. Ʉɢɬɜɟɥɹ, ɪɚɧɠɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɩɨ Ȗ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ: 1) ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɭɞɚ (0,597); 2) ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɧɚɹ ɩɥɚɬɚ (0,365); 3) ɫɩɥɨɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚ (0,340).
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɢɞɭɬ: ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.32 Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɦ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɯɨɞɧɚ ɫ ɬɨɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɛɵɥɚ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ ɥɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞɫɤɢɦɢ («ɑɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ») ɢ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɢɦɢ33 ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɚɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɢ ɫ ɧɚɲɢɦɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ.
ȼ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ: ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɑɭɩɪɨɜɚ Ɍ, ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɦɚɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ, ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɣɧɚɹ ɦɟɪɚ ɫɜɹɡɢ Ȝ. ȼɫɟ ɬɪɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɞɚɥɢ ɨɞɧɭ ɢ ɬɭ ɠɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ-
[138]
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ: ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɭɞɚ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɚ, ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɧɚɹ ɩɥɚɬɚ, ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɤɚɤ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɞɜɭɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɑɭɩɪɨɜɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɣ (ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ) ɫɜɹɡɢ – ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɣɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɵ ɫɜɹɡɢ.
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ Ʉɢɬɜɟɥɟɦ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ Ȗ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɪɨɣ ɞɜɭɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ
32Ʉɢɬɜɟɥɶ Ɍ.Ɉ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɯ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɦ. Ɍɚɥɥɢɧ, 1974, ɫ. 75.
33Stollberg R. Arbeitszufriedenheit – theoretische und praktische probleme. Berlin, 1967, S.49
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ɋɨɦɟɪɫɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɲɤɚɥɟ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ (ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɢ Ɍ, ɢ Ȝ) ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ «ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ» (ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ Ɍ ɢ Ȗ). ɋ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ (ɬ.ɟ. ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ) ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɭɸɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ.
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɞɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɚ ɩɨ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɚ ɜɬɨɪɚɹ – ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɲɤɚɥɟ. Ɇɵɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɞɜɚ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ.
Ɋɚɧɝɨɜɵɣ ɛɢɫɟɪɢɚɥɴɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ34
ɉɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɞɧɚ ɲɤɚɥɚ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɢɯɨɬɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ, ɚ ɜɬɨɪɚɹ – ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜɚɹ. ȿɝɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɟɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɛɵ ɞɜɟ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ: ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɫɟɪɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɞɢɯɨɬɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ.
ɇɚɡɨɜɟɦ ɪɚɧɝɨɜɵɦ ɛɢɫɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ (ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɧɝɨɜ):
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ɝɞɟ N – ɱɢɫɥɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ; |
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1 – ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɪɚɧɝ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɭ Y ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ |
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ɯ1 ɞɢɯɨɬɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɏ; |
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ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɚɧɚ ɞɢɯɨɬɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ X (ɯ1 = 1, x2 = 2) ɢ ɪɚɧɝɨɜɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ Y: |
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ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɫɬɨɹɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚ X, ɚ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ – ɪɚɧɝɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚ Y ɞɥɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ 10 ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ. ȼɵɩɢɲɟɦ ɪɚɧɝɢ ɩɨ Y ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚ X:
[139]
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Ɍɨɱɟɱɧɨ-ɛɢɫɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ35
ɉɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ, ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧ ɜ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɢɯɨɬɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɜɬɨɪɨɣ – ɜɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɲɤɚɥɟ:
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– ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚ Y ɞɥɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɯ1 ɚ |
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ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɯ2 ɞɢɯɨɬɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ X; N (ɯ1) ɢ N (ɯ2) – ɱɢɫɥɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɯ1 ɢ ɯ2 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, N – ɱɢɫɥɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ıɭ – ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɦɭ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɭ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ:
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɏ |
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ Y |
ɯ1=1 |
170; 140; 157; 152; 155; 160; 152 |
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150; 160; 165; 183; 163; 168; 160; 157 |
34Ƚɥɚɫɫ Ⱦɠ., ɋɬɷɧɥɢ Ⱦɠ. ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɜ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɟ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ. Ɇ., 1976, ɫ. 165 – 167.
35Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ, ɫ. 149-151. Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɧɚ ɫ. 151 ɷɬɨɣ ɤɧɢɝɢ, ɜɢɞɢɦɨ, ɨɩɟɱɚɬɤɚ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɪɨɫɬɟ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɧɟɜɟɪɧɵ.
96
N(x1) 7 , N(x2 ) 8, N 15 , y1 155,14, y2 163,25 , V y 9,31, rrb 0,42
Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɚ (II,7,10) ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɚɥɝɟɛɪɚɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ r ɞɥɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ X – ɞɢɯɨɬɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɫɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɢ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ ɞɥɹ r, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, (II,5,1) ɢɥɢ (II,5,3). Ɉɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ (ɩɨɥɢɫɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ) ɧɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ.
[140]
Ƚɥɚɜɚ III
ɊȿȽɊȿɋɋɂɂ
1. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ. ɉɪɹɦɚɹ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɹ. Ʉɪɢɜɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ. Ʉɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ
Ʉɚɤ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ, ɩɪɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ {Nij}; ɬɟɫɧɨɬɭ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ (ɝɥɚɜɚ II), ɚ ɮɨɪɦɭ – ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɢ, ɤ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɵ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɦ.
ɇɚɩɨɦɧɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɯi, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɭ: ɭj , Nij, ɝɞɟ j 1,l . Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦɢ, ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ
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y ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ |
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, ɫ ɯi. ȿɫɥɢ ɟɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ |
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ɝɞɟ f(ɯ) – ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ, ɬɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ |
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ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɢ ɍ ɧɚ ɏ, ɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɟɦɭ ɤɪɢɜɭɸ – ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɢ1. ɋ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɵ ɭɠɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ 42 (§1 ɝɥɚɜɵ II).
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Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ (III,1,1) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ
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ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɭj (III, 1,2).
1 ɂɧɞɟɤɫ x ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɪɟɱɶ ɢɞɟɬ ɨɛ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ.
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