тест legal profession

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omplete the spaces using the words and word combinations which are given below.

Partnerships; particular area of law; barristers; gives advice; is increasing; listens carefully; draft documents; in court; definite division; commerce; briefs for counsel; in the profits; definite period; the evidence; buying or selling; judicial system; magistrates’ court; banking and finance; deals with; out of court; in-house lawyers; lower court; represent; examine the case; legal advice; certificate in advocacy; interpretation; qualify as a lawyer; higher courts; litigation; profound effect; circuits; recovering debts; chambers; trained in the law; solicitors; practising barristers; chambers requirements; recommendation; judge; civil

I. Most countries do not have a (1) _____________ among lawyers; a person will ( 2) ____________ though it will be pos­sible after qualifying to specialize in one (3) ____________. The general term "lawyer" covers anyone who has been (4) _________ and certified to give (5)_________. In England and Wales there are two types of lawyers, (6) _________ and (7)________. The nature of the legal profession, the people who become lawyers, the way they are organized, their manner of practice, and the traditions they observe have a (8) ________ on the legal system of Great Britain.

II. The solicitor is the first point of contact with the law for a client in the UK. The solicitor (9) _________ to the client, making sure their needs are clearly understood and then explains the legal position and (10) __________. The solicitor (11) ________ a great number of problems. He can (12) __________ his client in the (13) _________ dealing with petty crimes and in the County Court when the case deals with some family law mat­ters or with (14) __________. He prepares the case and (15) __________ and actually speaks for his client but he cannot appear in every court. There are only a few solicitors who are allowed to present cases in the (16) ________. However if a solicitor wants to specialize in advocacy and have an unlimited right to appear as an advocate in all courts he must get a (17) ___________. Many more solicitors work in their litiga­tion departments and spend much of their time preparing (18) _________. Traditionally, they also undertake legal work (19) ___________ involving drafting contracts or drawing up wills or dealing with documents for (20) ___________ a house or other property.

III. Solicitors normally form (21) ___________ with other solici­tors and work in offices. They are usually salaried and may be offered a share (22) ___________ of the practice if they are success­ful. Solicitors do a variety of work dealing with corporate and commercial spheres, (23) ____________, property, private law, (24) ______________, employment law and environmental law. The qual­ification and practice of solicitors are regulated by the Law Society. There are about 70,000 practising solicitors in England and Wales and the number (25) ___________.

IV. By contrast, barristers will only see the client in the com­pany of a briefing solicitor. The barrister is the specialist with particular skills in advocacy, a consultant who will (26) __________ and decide what line to take (27) ___________. The barrister will rely on the detailed brief prepared by the client’s solicitor. He is also an expert in the (28)____________ of law. The barrister’s main work is to represent his client in the court where they are referred to as counsel, to (29) ____________ associated with court procedure, and to give opinions about the legal matter.

V. Unlike solicitors, barristers can’t form partnerships. They are self-employed working in groups called (30) __________ or practise at the Bar. There are about 9,000 (31) _____________ in over 400 chambers in England and Wales. Chambers are tra­ditionally located in the four Inns of Court in London - Gray's Inn, Lincoln's Inn, Middle Temple and Inner Temple - and are also located in the UK regions, known as (32) _________. In addition, there are about 2,000 barristers employed as (33) ___________. The Bar is an advocacy profession. The Bar’s right of audience in the higher courts remains unchallenged. The work is divided equally between (34) ___________ and criminal law. There are over 70 spe­cialist areas, including major ones like property, finance and (35) __________. Barristers are governed by the Bar Council and the Inns of Court.

VI. To become a (36)__________ the candidate must meet certain (37) ___________ laid down by an Act of Parliament. One of them is the candidate must have practised as a lawyer or judge for a (38) ___________ of time. There are also other requirements for specific judicial offices. The experience gained as a judge in a (39) _____________ is one of the qualifications for appointment to a higher court. Senior appointments to the Court of Appeal and the High ­ Court are made by the Queen on the (40) _________ of the Prime Minister, currently on the advice of the Lord Chancellor who is a senior member of the government and head of the (41) _______________.